JPS61132144A - Preparation of feed for pisciculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a feed for pisciculture, having excellent shape-retainability and palatability, free from the pollution of water, and effective to promote the growth of cultured fish, by compounding a specific feed raw material with coral powder, algae powder, polyacrylic acid salt and chitosan. CONSTITUTION:100pts.wt. of a feed raw material selected from fish body (raw or frozen whole body of abundantly caught fish such as sardine, mackerel, cuttlefish, etc., can be used), waste fish or shellfish (the residue discharged in the production of marine product, such as heads, bones, guts, etc. of fish), scum disposed from fish-processing factory, and excess active sludge, is comopounded with (A) coral, (B) 4-10pts.wt. of algae powder, (C) a polyacrylic acid salt, and (D) 0.05-0.2pt.wt. of chitosan. The cost of feed can be reduced by the use of the fish body or its waste as a main material. The component A is effective to prevent the dissolution loss of the nutrient components, prevent the disease of fish, and improve the digestivity and absorbability of the feed, the component B is effective to control the water-content and retain the shape of the feed, and furthermore, is useful as a source of roughage, and the components C are D are useful as the binder to keep the shape of the feed. Consequently, a feed having excellent properties as a whole can be produced.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to the production of fish feed, specifically, a new fish feed that has excellent shape retention, does not cause water pollution due to nutrient elution or disintegration, has good feeding properties, and promotes the growth of farmed fish. Regarding the method.

Artificially formulated feeds containing fishmeal as the main ingredient are well known as conventional fish feeds in the feeding aquaculture industry. For carnivorous fish such as sardine and eel, feeding habits are poor with the above-mentioned artificial feed alone, and it is necessary to use some of the large-catch fish (fresh or frozen fish) such as sardines, horse mackerel, and mackerel. I don't get it. However, it goes without saying that second-class fish are inconvenient to handle due to unstable acquisition conditions such as the amount of fish caught, and when they are shredded, crushed, and thrown as feed, nutrients are leached out and the microstructure of the fish body is affected. The escape and outflow of fish is severe, and the efficiency of conversion to farmed fish as feed is poor, and there are also negative effects such as contamination of sea bottom sediments around fish farms.

The present invention uses nine fishes or their equivalents as raw materials that are particularly suitable for cultivating the above-mentioned hematis, eelfish, etc., and addresses various drawbacks observed when feeding such fish, particularly the leakage of nutrients, etc. The main purpose is to provide a new fish feed that solves the problem of pollution in the surrounding sea areas.Means for solving the problems □According to the present invention, (4) fish bodies, (IP) fish and shellfish waste <1) Fishery processing plants) 100 parts by weight of feed materials selected from waste scum and surplus activated sludge, 4 to IO parts by weight of coral and seaweed powder, and 0.05 parts by weight of polyacrylic salt and chitosan. -0.2 part by weight is provided.

As a result of extensive research, the present inventors have found that when a predetermined amount of coral and seaweed powder is added to the above-mentioned feed ingredients, it is possible to effectively adjust the moisture content of the feed and prevent the leakage of nutrients. It has been found that by blending a predetermined amount of the feed with the following, it is possible to obtain a fish feed that does not disintegrate, has excellent shape retention, and maintains an appropriate caking state suitable for consumption by farmed fish. Therefore, the fish feed obtained according to the present invention not only has good feeding properties and can promote the growth of cultured fish, but also has excellent shape stability and no loss of nutrients etc. due to disintegration. It has the advantage of not having any harmful effects such as water pollution.

The method of the present invention will be explained in detail below.

In the present invention, as feed raw materials (4) fish body, (b)
Residues such as fish heads, bones, internal organs, etc., which are produced during the production of processed fish products such as eagles, small fish, horse mackerel, squid, Antarctic midge fish, dried fish, etc., are removed. Also available. Residues discharged from secondary seafood processing plants usually amount to about 25 to 40% by weight of the fish weight. In addition, these are useful substances that act as feeding factors and fish gathering factors for farmed fish, such as chrysin, L-alani-5, L-valine, and L-rigid.
Contains a large amount of various amino acids such as Al-Wanji),
Particularly preferred as a feed material. Conventionally, the above-mentioned fish and shellfish waste or the useful substances contained therein are processed by subjecting them to fiH114 conditioning by adding organic acids, etc., converting them into amino acids using autolytic enzymes, and then converting the resulting amino acids into cultured fish, etc. There are cases where it has been added to feed as a palatability substance, but
In the present invention, these and the like are used as raw materials for the feed to reduce the cost of the resulting feed. Therefore, the fresher the seafood waste is, the more desirable it is. (c) Scum and surplus activated sludge discharged from fisheries processing plants include, for example, scum () collected by pressurized flotation equipment among the wastewater treatment equipment of various fisheries processing plants as shown in (b) above. 0s) and the surplus sludge used in the activated sludge equipment. As mentioned above, these also contain useful substances contained in fish and shellfish used as raw materials for processed marine products, and can be used as feed raw materials in the present invention in the same way as (J) above. It is preferable that the materials do not contain microorganisms that produce substances that may have a toxic effect on living organisms;
If it contains a group of equally toxic microorganisms, it is necessary to render it harmless in advance. Each feed material belonging to the above groups (1), (j) and (0) can be used alone or in combination of two or more from each group, and in either case, approximately We give the feed of the present invention which has the effect of
The use of raw materials belonging to (C) and (C) is preferable since it is possible to reduce the cost of the product feed.

The scientific name of the coral used in the present invention is Ryukyu Coral Limestone, and by mixing it with feed raw materials, it prevents the leakage of nutrients in the raw materials, and also prevents the loss of nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, which are said to be the cause of feed-borne diseases. neutralize the disease, prevent the disease, improve feed efficiency, improve palatability,
It strengthens and protects internal organs, especially liver function, and thereby improves the rate of digestion and absorption.The feed itself becomes sticky due to polyracic reaction, which contributes to suppressing its outflow into the water, and is especially useful as feed for fish that feed in water. It is effective. A typical composition of the above-mentioned cola is as shown below, and in the present invention, it can be used in the form of a powder, for example, a fine powder of about 200 mesh baths;
It can also be activated by heating at 200°C and released later.

Coral composition> coo 53.2% by weight 5I02 2.2 A120. 1.2 Mfo 1.2 FtOO, 4 Neo O-2 KO□, 2 Ti0 0. l CuO0,1 Zn0 0. I If, Lσxx 40,1 Specific gravity 2.6 to 10,000 yen The above coral is usually about 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of feed materials.
It is best to use the amount in the range of ~8 parts by weight, preferably around 4 parts by weight.If it is less than this, there is no effect of adding it, and if it is added in a too large amount, the deodorizing effect of coral will reduce feeding opportunities. ◇ Seaweed powders used in combination with the above coral include well-known green algae such as Aonori and Kawanori, kelp, Arame, Hijishi, Kashima, Kawarome, etc. Any of red algae such as Amanita algae, Amanita laver, Amanori laver, and Agonori algae may be used, but green algae are preferable, and Aonori algae is particularly preferable. Secondary seaweeds are used in the form of dry powder, preferably in the form of a fine powder of about 70 mesh baths, and are mainly useful for moisture control and shape retention of the resulting feed, and also as a source of crude fiber substances essential for feed. is also important. The amount incorporated is usually about 2 to 6 parts by weight, preferably about 4 to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the feed material. In addition, in the present invention, it is also possible to use together with the above-mentioned seaweed powder, dry powder of matshu potato, which is known to be conventionally added to various feeds, and this combination also provides the same moisture control, shape retention, etc. This effect can be achieved. This matshu potato is usually used in the same particle size as the above-mentioned seaweed powder, and is about 2% by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of feed ingredients.
Preferably, it is blended in an amount of about 1% by weight.

The above-mentioned coral, seaweed powder and, if necessary, matshu potato may be mixed separately with the feed ingredients, or two or three types may be mixed in advance to form a premix, and then mixed with the feed ingredients. However, the latter method is particularly preferred.

Furthermore, the polyacrylate and tentosan used in the present invention function as a binder for the shape stability of the resulting feed, particularly for maintaining its shape in water or on the water surface. However, in addition to polyacrylates, conventional binders and thickeners have been used, such as pregelatinized starch, wheat gluten, bovine suntan gum, gluten, carrageen, gum arabic, refined powdered corn flour, and althinates. , sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium starch phosphate, sodium starch zirconate, etc. are known, but these still do not produce satisfactory effects. According to the present invention, by using the above-mentioned polyacrylate and spicy tosan in combination, leakage of water-soluble proteins, fine coarse noodles, etc. in the raw materials is prevented when obtaining a feed product of a desired shape after crushing the feed raw materials. This makes it possible to improve the feed utilization efficiency by preventing the caking of secondary nutrients and the like, and also to prevent the reduction of self-contamination caused by the elution and outflow of organic matter. Various kinds of polyacrylates can be used as the polyacrylate, but sodium polyacrylate is particularly preferred in consideration of food hygiene standards and water solubility. The combination ratio of the polyacrylate and tentosan is determined by the method of feeding the obtained feed to cultured fish, i.e., whether the feed is fed while floating on the water surface, or whether the feed is fed underwater. It differs depending on whether it is a so-called sedimentation type, which is ingested in a settled state, and in the case of a floating type, the weight ratio is about 1 = 2, and in the case of a sedimentation type, the total amount is 0.805 to 0.05 per 100 parts by weight of feed materials. The amount is preferably within the range of 2 parts by weight, and by using it within this range, the desired caking effect of the present invention can be achieved. However, when both are used alone, when used in an amount that has the required adhesive strength, the fish that feed on it may experience a decrease in digestive absorption, and when used in an amount that does not harm digestive absorption, K is The drawback is that only highly disintegrating feeds with sufficient caking properties can be obtained.

They are prepared in the same manner and shaped into similar shapes for use. According to a most preferred example, feed raw materials are pulverized into ground meat, each compounding agent component is added and mixed, and the resulting mixture is shaped into pellets, crumples, beef kneads, semi-moist, and paste. The feed of the present invention can be obtained by forming the feed into granules or the like.

Thus, according to the present invention, the elasticity, stickiness, hydrophobicity, verticality, etc. of the feed can be adjusted to suit the eating habits of the cultivated fish, and the edibility of the feed can be improved. There is no scattering, and the floating time and sedimentation speed can be set to a suitable level, making it possible to easily and efficiently obtain feed of good quality that does not cause seawater contamination. In addition, the feed obtained in this way is low in fiber and rich in effective protein, and can promote the growth of cultured fish.Furthermore, when the feed is frozen and then thawed and used, its digestibility is improved due to freeze denaturation, and therefore, compared to conventional feeds. It is also possible to reduce the amount of feeding compared to feed.

The feed of the present invention can be used as feed for various cultivated fish. Examples of fish that can be cultivated using this feed include yellowtail, red sea bream, sea bream, Japanese yellowtail, Gaza san, yellowtail sea bream, Japanese sea bream, black sea bream, and black sea bream. Fish, shrimp, salmon, eel, trout, carp, sweetfish, yamame trout, char, crucian carp,
An example is the loach.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples below.
The present invention is not limited to this.

In addition, parts and percentages on each side are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

Example ! Formulations A to F shown in Table 1 below are used as feed raw materials.

In addition, (a) sardines are used as fish bodies, <b) heads, bones, fins, and internal organs discharged during the production of kamahako using sardines and pollock as raw materials are used as fish and shellfish waste.
Further, as (C) scum and surplus activated sludge, scum and surplus sludge from the wastewater treatment equipment of the Kamaboko manufacturing factory were used.

Table 1: Using the above feed ingredients in the formula A=F, 100% of each
When mixing and pulverizing parts by weight, 9.5 parts of a mixture of coral, matshu potato, and dry fine powder of blue laver in a ratio of 4:4.5:IC weight ratio) and sodium polyacrylate were added. A total of 1 part of tosan was added at a ratio of 1:1 (weight ratio), and the mixture was extruded to form I011.
A pellet-shaped wet molded product of mIX IO*g (φ) was prepared as bait.

<Feeding test> Each of the feeds obtained above was fed to one flat-grown Taiwanese eel at a rate of 3% feed amount calculated as dry matter per 1,000 eel weight, and the feeding status was observed. In all cases, the bite was extremely good, and 8 minutes after casting, there was no bait left at all.

Example 2 When mixing and crushing feed ingredients according to the feed ingredient formulation A=F shown in Table 1 above, 100 parts of the mixture were mixed with coral, matshu potato, and blue laver fine powder (4=4.5:lff1 amount ratio)
Add 9.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 0.1 part of tentosan (1111 member ratio or 12 member ratio), mix with a speed cutter for 30 seconds, and mix with a hand-made extruder for 5 parts.
A pellet of 0ff×25 fl (φ) was prepared. The feed pellets obtained below are called sediment type when sodium polyacrylate and chitosan are used in III, and the ratio is 1:2.
If it is used in the feed type, it is called a floating type, and feed A is used in accordance with the feed ingredient formulations A-F used for the sinking type and floating type respectively.
Display with A4F.

Shape retention test> Dropping each of the sinking type feed A=F and the floating type feed AA-F from a height of Lm above the water surface of a 101-capacity bucket containing 51 containers of seawater, and observing the situation with the naked eye. The seawater in the bucket was rapidly stirred 10 times with a ladle, and the shape of each feed (whether it disintegrated or not) and the state of water pollution were visually observed immediately after stirring and after 5 hours of stirring. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 also shows pellets produced in the same manner using feed material A and using 0.1 part of sodium polyacrylate alone instead of the combination of sodium polyacrylate and tentosan in Control Example 2. The results of repeating the same test as Control Example 3 were pellets prepared in the same manner using feed material A and using 0.1 part of chitosan alone instead of the combination of sodium polyacrylate and tentosan. Also listed.

Table 2 (continued) <Nitrogen dissolution test> For each of the sedimentary feed AA of the present invention and the feed of Control Example 1,
The total nitrogen content and nitrogen content dissolved into water were measured according to the Keltal method. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3 <Viscoelasticity test> Using the pellets produced in Control Example I as a standard, the stiffness, elasticity, viscosity, and tensile strength of the feed of the present invention and each feed obtained in Control Examples 2 and 3 were determined. , elongation and fabric thinness were determined through sensory tests.90Evaluation of each test item was based on a 5-step method in which the standard control example I beret was given a rating of 1, and the most excellent one was given a rating of 5. Yes. In addition, taking into consideration the feeding status according to Example IK and the above shape retention test results, the overall evaluation was similarly evaluated on a 1c5 scale. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

Part 4: Hema test! > Yellowtail was cultivated under the following conditions, and its growth status was evaluated by calculating the distance coefficient.

Feed 2 Dumplings were made in the formulation according to the present invention floating type A-, D and Control Example 1 last night, and the amount of feed was 90 f divided into two times in the morning and evening.

Test water PB: Water tank K with diameter 150c11 and depth +503
.

It was filled with seawater at a water level of 1001, and seawater was supplied at a rate of 2 tons per minute. The water temperature is 2! It was maintained at ±0.5°C.

Test fish: 2 young yellowtails (body length 3-53), 3 months old after death
Five animals were used.

Test period: 2 months Side-to-side coefficient: The 1K sample fish at the start of the test (weight when released) and the fish weight at the end of the test (weight at storage) were measured, and the side-to-side coefficient was calculated according to the formula below.

Fish weight at storage - Fish weight at release results are shown in Table 5 below. In addition, the evaluation of the side distance coefficient in the table is based on the standard value (1,0), which is the average value of the side distance coefficient of the plots cultured using the feed according to Control Example 1, and how many times the average side distance coefficient of each test plot is the standard value. It is expressed as the standard value and those with no significant difference from this (F), and those with an increase of about 1.2 times from the standard value (B).
Judge if there is an increase of approximately 1.2 times or more (-) -1
−).

Table 5 Table 5: Size test> ゛Sea bream was cultivated under the following conditions, and its growth status was evaluated by determining the size coefficient.

Feed: Factors were prepared according to the formulation according to the floating type A-D of the present invention and the control example IK, and the feeding amount was 1501, divided into two times in the morning and evening.Test water WI: Meat production! Same as .

Test point: Juvenile sea bream 10 months after death (body length 8-103)
25 animals were used for each.

Test period: 2 months Henma RL! ,: Calculated in the same manner as the edge-to-edge test I.

The results were evaluated and judged in the same manner as in the side-to-side test (■) and are shown in Table 6 below.

Table 6 As detailed above, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce aquaculture feed with high nutritional value and excellent absorption efficiency at a low cost by utilizing fish heads, internal organs, etc. that were conventionally discarded. It has enormous industrial value in the aquaculture industry, such as resolving the shortage of aquaculture feed and preventing odor pollution caused by rotting fish internal organs.

(that's all)

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Add 4 to 10 parts by weight of coral and seaweed powder to 100 parts by weight of feed materials selected from (a) fish bodies, (b) seafood waste, and (c) scum and surplus activated sludge discharged from seafood processing plants. 1. A method for producing fish feed, which comprises blending 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight of polyacrylate and chitosan.