JP3402763B2 - Formula feed for fish farming - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention has scales on the body surface.
A body composition of a mixed feed for fish cultivation and a mixed feed for fish cultivation
Prevents peeling of scales by feeding to fish with scales on the surface
Regarding how to stop . In detail, have scales on the body surface
A fish- containing compound feed capable of producing fish with a very high commercial value, with very little peeling of scales from the fish, and the fish-containing compound feed on the body surface.
A person who feeds fish that have ko to prevent peeling of scales
Concerning the law .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Due to various reasons such as 200 nautical mile problem, reduction of fishery resources, pollution of aquatic environment where fish inhabit, aquaculture for artificially breeding seafood has become popular in recent years. The scale is becoming larger and larger, and some fish species produce more cultured fish than natural fish. In order to enhance the commercial value of the cultured fish, it is required that the scales are not peeled off or the body surface is scratched, and that they are excellent in appearance, and that they are not infected with any disease and have a good growth condition. .

[0003] In culturing, distributing and selling fish, a net or the like is used to sort the fish during the breeding period so that the fish can be sized, and the fish are separated into different water areas for purification. It is often the case that fish are shipped alive and moved or transported for distribution or sale, but the fish are often overloaded or stressed during such work. . In addition, since fish are usually bred in a state where they are fairly dense in the aquaculture area, the bodies of the fish often touch each other or touch the inner wall of the aquarium, which often causes damage to the surface of the fish. Under the above circumstances, the scales are frequently peeled off in fishes having relatively large scales such as salmons, trouts, Thais, carp, and crucian carp. Fish with peeled scales have a poor appearance and have a markedly reduced commercial value.In addition, pathogenic microorganisms parasitize the peeled and damaged areas of the scales, and it is easy for the fish to invade the fish from that location. Diseases and developmental deficiency are likely to occur.For example, salmon with peeled scales are susceptible to diseases such as Vibrio disease and ulcer disease, and this also leads to a decrease in commercial value of fish and a decrease in productivity. It is also a cause.
Various measures for preventing such peeling of scales have been studied in the past, but the present situation is that no sufficiently satisfactory method has been found.

On the other hand, the feed used for fish farming is
Raw bait using fresh and / or frozen fish as is;
Moist pellets obtained by mixing and molding fresh fish and / or frozen fish with fish meal, vegetable oil meal, and other dry feeds;
And 3 types of compounded feed prepared by adding vitamins and minerals to fish meal and other protein sources, cereal flours such as vegetable meal and wheat flour, oils and fats, and other dry feed ingredients, and processing them into mash or pellets. It is roughly divided into.

Among the above-mentioned three kinds of fish-culture feeds, the compounded feeds can be prepared in such a manner that the components in the feeds can be easily adjusted according to the type of fish and the age, and the nutritional balance can be prepared. It has excellent storability, excellent storability during transportation, storage, feeding to fish, etc., and stable production, supply and availability of products of a certain quality. In recent years, the amount used has greatly increased. With the exception of specific fish such as yellowtails, the proportion of use of the compound feed in the feed for fish culture tends to increase more and more in most cultured fish.

Since fish generally has a high protein requirement,
A mixed feed for fish farming is prepared by mixing protein feed such as fish meal as described above as a main component, and adding a small amount of grain powder such as vegetable meal and wheat flour, oils and fats, vitamins and minerals. Although fish have excellent digestive and metabolic capabilities for proteins, they have poor digestive and metabolic capabilities for carbohydrates and poor ability to convert carbohydrates such as wheat flour into energy, which is a valuable protein fed to grow fish. Is often used as an energy source instead of being used for growth. Therefore, in order to prevent protein from being excessively consumed as an energy source, fats and oils are added as an energy source to the compound feed for fish farming during its production or feeding to fish.

Cod liver oil or squid liver oil is most widely used as a source of essential fatty acids as the oils and fats added to the compounded feed, and other vegetable oils such as soybean oil and rice bran oil, and other fish oils such as sardine oil. However, from the viewpoints of preventing discoloration and rancidity, preventing other alterations, removing odors, and handling, refined oil is exclusively used regardless of which oil or fat is used. That is, unrefined oil has not been conventionally used in a compounded feed for fish farming for various reasons, such as discoloration and deterioration due to rancidity, strong odor, whitening and difficulty in handling at low temperatures. Purified fish oil such as purified cod liver oil and refined sardine oil added to the compound feed is generally degummed-deoxidized-after removing insoluble impurities and water contained in the oil.
Since it is manufactured through a great number of steps of washing with water, drying, decolorization, hydrogenation reaction and deodorization, it takes a lot of labor and cost to obtain a refined oil, which is one of the causes of the increase in the price of the feed for fish farming. It is also accompanied.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the above circumstances, the present inventors have
Unrefined fish oil was used as an oil and fat for the energy source of fish and added to a mixed feed for fish farming and fed to fish.Unexpectedly, peeling of scales could be significantly reduced, Further, it is possible to obtain a cultured fish having a very good growing condition and a high commercial value, and the present invention has been completed based on such findings.

That is, the present invention provides (1) a body surface characterized by the addition of unpurified fish oil
It is a compound feed for fish farming that has scales in the fish. That
According to the present invention, (2) fish oil is collected from high-capacity lean fish.
For fish farming for fish with scales on the body surface of the above (1)
It is a compound feed. Furthermore, the present invention provides (3) the fish having a scale on the body surface according to the above (1).
Peel off scales by feeding the mixed feed for fish farming (2).
It is a method to prevent this .

The refined fish oil conventionally used in the mixed feed for fish farming is usually (a) the step of first collecting crude oil from the tissue of fish such as sardines; (b) the step of removing insoluble impurities and water from the crude oil; (C) Degumming step of removing phospholipid, gum substance, metal salt, sterol, etc. by adding acid; (d) Free acid, coloring component, metal salt, oil-soluble phospholipid by adding alkali, etc. Deoxidizing step for removing odorous components; (e) Washing step for removing soap and the like;
(F) drying step; (g) coloring component, soap content, unsaponifiable matter,
Decolorization step for removing metal compounds and the like; (h) Hydrogenation reaction step for eliminating unsaturated groups in fats and oils; (i) Free fatty acid,
It is manufactured through a series of steps such as a deodorizing step of removing pigments and unsaponifiable matters, and the crude oil obtained from the step (a) and the crude oil obtained from the step (b) are handled as unrefined fish oils. In that case, there is also a method of collecting the unrefined oil using a centrifuge without separately performing the step (a) and the step (b).

In the present invention, the crude oil obtained from the above-mentioned step (a) collected from the tissue of fish such as sardines, or the step obtained by simply removing the insoluble contaminants and water from the crude oil obtained in the step (a). The crude oil obtained in (b) is added to the compound feed for fish farming. In that case, the method for collecting crude oil in step (a), the method for removing insoluble impurities and water contained in the crude oil in step (b), etc. are not particularly limited,
It may be collected by any method conventionally adopted as the above-mentioned step (a) and step (b). In addition, an oil obtained by adding a step of adding water after the step (b) to remove water-soluble impurities may be used.
In any case, the unrefined fish oil referred to in the present invention means crude oil as it is collected from the tissue of fish, or chemical substances such as degumming and deoxidation by simply removing the collected impurities and water from the crude oil by physical means. It is not processed. Further, the fish oil used in the present invention is more preferably one obtained from a multi-harvesting lean fish such as sardines, horse mackerels, mackerels, and saury, in order to achieve the object of the present invention.

[0012] The amount of unpurified fish oil added to the compound feed can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of fish feeding the compound feed, the age of the animal, etc., but it is generally based on the total weight of the compound feed including unpurified fish oil. It is preferably about 5 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of preventing peeling of scales and accelerating growth.
It is more preferably 30% by weight. If the amount of unpurified fish oil added to the compounded feed is less than 5% by weight, the scale peeling prevention effect is not sufficient, while if it exceeds 40% by weight, the compounded feed becomes sticky and the handleability is poor and molding is difficult. Becomes

The unpurified fish oil may be added to the compound feed at any time during the production of the compound feed or the feeding of the compound feed to fish. When unrefined fish oil is added during the production of the compound feed, it is recommended to mix the unpurified fish oil with fish meal and other ingredients for the compound feed to produce the compound feed in the form of pellets or mash by a conventionally known method. In addition, when unrefined fish oil is added when feeding the mixed feed to fish, it is advisable to mix the unprepared fish oil with the mixed feed that has been formed and processed into pellets or mash, and feed it to the fish. In either case, unrefined fish oil is often in a solid state at room temperature, so it is preferable to heat it to a temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. to melt it and add it to the compounded feed. Unrefined fish oil is a phospholipid, a gum substance, a metal salt, a sterol, a free acid, a coloring component, since it has not been subjected to a refining treatment.
Since it contains various components such as odorous components and is susceptible to alteration such as discoloration and rancidity, when unpurified fish oil is added during the production of the compounded feed, the resulting compounded feed is easily altered, From this point of view, it is preferable to add unpurified fish oil to the mixed feed when feeding the mixed feed to fish. Also,
When unrefined fish oil is added during the production of a compounded feed, ethoxyquin, BHT or the like, which is used in a normally compounded feed, is added in an amount of about 0.05% to prevent deterioration.

Further, in the present invention, except that unrefined fish oil is added, the types of raw materials constituting the compound feed, the composition of the compound feed, the manufacturing method, etc. are not limited at all, and the type of fish, the age, etc. Accordingly, any of the conventionally known mixed feeds for fish farming can be used, but it is particularly preferable to include other refined oils and fats together with the unpurified fish oil because the above-mentioned drawbacks of the unpurified fish oil are alleviated. Although not limited, the mixed feed for fish farming of the present invention includes, for example, fish meal, bone meal,
Feather meal, oyster shells, skim milk, chicken meal, meat-and-bone meal, fish solubles, crustacean solubles, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, flour, wheat germ, rice bran, salt, vitamins, minerals, brewer's yeast, refined oils and fats It can be produced by using one or two kinds of compounds, antioxidants and the like.

The mixed feed of the present invention to which unpurified fish oil is added has a relatively large scale on the body surface of salmon, trout, Thais, carp, crucian carp, sea bass, mullet, etc. Suitable for feeding easy-to-create fish,
Especially suitable for salmon and trout. The method of feeding the mixed feed to the fish is not particularly limited, and it may be fed by a method conventionally used for each fish depending on the type of the fish, the age of the fish, and the like. In order to produce a cultured fish in which scales do not easily come off, it is desirable to continuously feed the compound feed of the present invention to which unpurified fish oil has been added for a predetermined period.

[0016]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Reference Example 1] (Collecting unrefined sardine oil) Stir sardine crude oil collected from sardine tissue is stirred while heating to a molten state of about 65 ° C, and when the temperature reaches about 65 ° C, stirring is stopped. Then, the mixture was allowed to stand for about 12 hours to settle and remove water and impurities. The obtained sardine crude oil is heated again to a molten state of about 80 ° C., hot water of about the same temperature is added to this by about 30 to 50%, and after standing, water and impurities in the lower layer are removed, The obtained sardine crude oil was dried with a vacuum dryer to remove water, and thus an unpurified sardine oil (sardine crude oil) was obtained.

Example 1 (1) 11050 coho salmon seedlings each bred to an average weight of 190 to 200 g / animal in a freshwater pond (first)
Plots; test plots) and 10000 animals (second plot; control plots) were prepared, and these coho salmon seedlings were acclimated to seawater for 4 days. (2) With respect to a commercially available feed for coho salmon (“Coho salmon XP” manufactured by Nisshin Seifun Co., Ltd.) (containing 50 to 60% by weight of fish meal; crude protein content 43% by weight, crude fat content 15% by weight) Immediately before feeding, the unrefined sardine oil obtained in Reference Example 1 above was added at a ratio of 10% by weight based on the weight of the coho salmon feed, and this was added to coho salmon seedlings in the 1st section, 1992 11 We paid about 9 months from the 13th of the month to the shipping date of the 10th of August, 1993. As a result, changes in the average weight of coho salmon during the breeding period are shown in Table 1 below. The degree of peeling of coho salmon at the time of shipment is A rank (almost no scale), B rank (scale is less than 1/8 of body surface), C rank (1/8 or more to 1 / body surface) The degree of peeling of the scales was evaluated by counting in four ranks of less than 4) and D rank (1/4 or more of the body surface for descaling). The results are shown in Table 1 below. .

(3) The same feed for coho salmon as used in (2) above ("Coho Salmon XP" manufactured by Nisshin Seifun Co., Ltd.)
On the other hand, immediately before the feeding, a commercially available refined sardine oil based on the weight of the coho salmon feed (“A-
Oil ") in a proportion of 10% by weight and add this to the second
I paid the salmon to the coho salmon in the same ward in the same way as the coho salmon in the 1st ward for about nine months from the time of shipment from November 13, 1992 to August 10, 1993. As a result, changes in the average weight of coho salmon during the breeding period are shown in Table 1 below. The degree of peeling of the coho salmon at the time of shipment was ranked in the same manner as in (2) above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0020]

[Table 1] Average weight of coho salmon (g / animal) At the start of peeling of scales 3 months 6 months 9 months ABCD (shipping) 1st ward 200 564 1164 2413 3801 2475 1503 1061 (test plot ) ) (43%) (28%) (17%) (12%) Second ward 190 541 1035 2242 1440 2720 2080 1760 (control) (18%) (34%) (26%) (22%)

From the results shown in Table 1 above, in the 1st ward (testing ward) feeding the compounded feed to which the unrefined sardine oil was added,
The percentage of coho salmon with A rank (almost no scale) is high at 43%, and the total percentage of coho salmon with A rank and B rank (scale is up to about 1/8 of the body surface) is 71%. It can be seen that the coho salmon is extremely small and cosmetically good coho salmon is obtained, or that the condition of coho salmon is well grown and the weight gain is large. On the other hand, in the 2nd ward (control ward) which is fed the compounded feed to which the refined sardine oil is added, the C rank (descaling from 1/8 or more to less than 1/4 of the body surface) and the D rank (body) The total proportion of coho salmon (descaling in 1/4 or more of the table) reached 48%, the scales peeled off significantly, and the appearance of coho salmon became poor. It can be seen that the weight effect is inferior.

[0022]

When fed the samples of the present invention, according to the present invention in <br/> fish with scales on the body surface, and a very small peeling scales,
It is possible to produce cultured fish with a good appearance and high commercial value. Furthermore, since the scales on the fish are less likely to peel off, the surface of the fish is less likely to be scratched due to the scales peeling off.
It is less likely that pathogenic microorganisms will parasitize the scale where the scales are peeled off and that the scale will be damaged, and that the pathogen will not penetrate into the body of the fish from that location, and fish with a good growth condition can be obtained with good productivity. Since the sample of the present invention uses inexpensive unpurified fish, the production cost of the compound feed and the production cost of the cultured fish can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-57-83255 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23K 1/00-1/20

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An unpurified fish oil is added.
A mixed feed for fish farming for fish with scales on the body surface . 2. The fish having scales on the body surface according to claim 1, wherein the fish oil is collected from a high-capacity lean fish.
Fish for mixed feed. 3. A fish having scales on its body surface,
Peel off scales by feeding 1 or 2 mixed feed for fish farming
How to prevent this .