JPH0240298B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for producing a compound feed for young fish, and more particularly to a method for producing an initial compound feed for shrimp, snail, flounder, red sea bream, sweetfish, etc. immediately after hatching. The purpose is to provide a compound feed for young fish that allows the young fish to grow well, has a high survival rate, has good storage stability, and is easy to handle. [Problems to be solved by conventional technology and inventions] Recently, artificial seedling production technology for fish and shellfish has been developed, and mass artificial seedling production of various useful fish and shellfish such as sweetfish, red sea bream, prawn, and flounder has been carried out, and complete aquaculture has become possible. It is being done. However, mass production of young fish, which are seedlings immediately after hatching, is currently underway, and the growth of these young fish is influenced by the development of healthy seedlings with good yield (survival rate). Currently, most of the initial feed for fish and shellfish seedling production relies on so-called biological feed such as living zooplankton, such as the rotifer, Artemia, other microplankton, and crustaceans, as well as chlorella and diatoms. However, it is unstable to secure large quantities of these biological feeds, and culturing is not only problematic in terms of management such as facilities, costs, and labor, but also the biological feeds produced are malformed and die in large numbers due to nutritional defects. It often causes. In addition, minced fish and shellfish baits and paste baits are also used, but when these are used, they often dissolve and cause deterioration of water quality. For planned mass production of juvenile fish seedlings, it is desirable to use an initial artificial compound feed for juvenile fish in place of cultured biological feed. has problems in terms of growth, survival rate, physical properties, feeding, etc. General compound feeds are solid pellets, crumbles, flakes, or mash made from fishmeal, wheat flour, etc., but as an initial feed for young fish, it is essential to use fine particles of about 20 to 500μ in size. . For this reason, it is conceivable to pulverize these general compound feeds into fine particles, but these will cause the nutritional components to be rapidly leached out, leading to deterioration of water quality, and it is difficult to granulate them into appropriate fine particles. There are also problems with solubility or swelling in water. In addition, the particles are too hard, causing problems in feeding. Therefore, attempts are being made to use microencapsulation methods to maintain shape retention and prevent the elution of nutritional components, but these methods may result in poor feeding, excessive hardening, or poor digestion and absorption. There are many drawbacks and problems in the manufacturing method. [Means for solving the problem] As a result of intensive research in order to improve these, the present inventors have developed feed materials necessary for a compound feed for young fish containing water-soluble proteins that are highly reactive with mucilage, which will be described later. Nutrient ingredients and 8% sulfate group in chemical ingredients
A compound feed for young fish containing fine particles containing red algae slime containing the above ingredients, adding water, adjusting the pH as necessary, adding potassium ions to form a gel, drying, pulverizing, etc., has good shape retention in water ( It has been found that it has excellent properties such as insolubility), dispersion and sedimentation, and feeding ability. In particular, it maintains a moist pellet-like particulate form that makes it difficult for nutrients to be leached out in water, making it easy to feed, and shows excellent results comparable to biological initial feed in biological breeding tests such as prawns, rockfish, flounder, red sea bream, and sweetfish. It is something. [Action] Compounded feed for young fish such as prawns, sea breams, flounders, red sea breams, sweetfish, etc., which is made of red algae mucilage and contains 8% or more of sulfate groups in its chemical components, is made from the protein content of the mucilage. It exhibits excellent characteristics as a mixed feed for young fish due to its reactivity with water and its unique property of forming a strong gel when potassium ions are added to an aqueous solution. That is, the physical properties of the moist pellet-like microparticles, which are difficult to dissolve in water and are wrapped in a gel-like substance and are easy to feed, are due to the combination of these mucilage substances. When this feed is placed in water, the particulate surface that comes into contact with water returns to its original gel state, maintaining its shape-retaining properties with nutritional components wrapped in the gel matrix.
It was discovered that the material has physical properties that make it easier for young fish such as sea bass, flounder, red sea bream, and sweetfish to feed on it. It is a slimy substance extracted from red algae, which is characterized by containing 8% or more of sulfate groups among its chemical components, and those that are industrially extracted and produced include fur-celleran and carrageenan. There is. The content of sulfate groups in Faseleran is 8~
It is a polysaccharide produced from the red alga Furcellia and is also called Danish agar.
Carrageenan is a polysaccharide with a sulfate group content of 20 to 40% and is mainly found in red algae such as Suginori and Mirin, and generally contains three types: Katsupa, Lambda, and Iota.
It is said to consist of ingredients. Water-soluble proteins that are reactive with these red algal mucilages include egg albumin, lactalbumin,
Examples include lactoglobulin and milk protein products containing these. A red algae slime with 8% sulfate groups in its chemical composition.
Examples of substances containing the following include agar and funori, but their mucilage has no reactivity with proteins;
When used as a compound feed for young fish, it is inferior in terms of shape retention in water, feeding, and physical properties such as hardness. The method for producing the compound feed for young fish of the present invention involves blending various feed ingredients (fine powder) and nutritional components necessary for young fish, including water-soluble proteins that are reactive with red algae mucilage, and adjusting the pH by adding water. , heated to about 70℃ or higher, and then heated to red algae mucilage to remove 8 sulfate groups in its chemical components.
% or more of carrageenan or fur-cerelan, etc. is added and mixed, potassium chloride is added to form a gel, and the mixture is pulverized into fine particles by drying, pulverization, etc. As the protein source, casein, gelatin, egg yolk protein, egg albumin, milk protein, fish meal, and other animal and vegetable protein sources can be used. Possible drying methods include vacuum freeze drying, spray drying, and fluidized drying. This method does not require the use of solvents, modifiers, etc. The method for producing the compound feed for young fish of the present invention utilizes the reactivity of red algae mucilage and water-soluble protein.The mucilage is incorporated into the raw ingredients, reacts with the water-soluble protein, and gels with potassium chloride. The binded material is crushed, etc.
Prawns pulverized into various sizes of 500μ or less,
It is a microbinding feed for crabs, flounder, red sea bream, sweetfish, etc. The amount of red algae mucilage to be added to feed varies depending on the type of mucilage, concentration, sulfate group content or type of protein, pH, etc., but approximately 1 ml per mixed feed ingredient.
An amount of ~10% is sufficient. Note that other polymeric substances may be used in combination, and locust Bingham in particular has a synergistic effect. The amount of water-soluble protein that is reactive with red algae slime relative to the mixed feed material is not particularly limited, but can be freely used within the range of 5 to 75%. [Examples and Effects of the Invention] The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples and Test Examples. Example 1 Skim milk 52%, egg yolk powder 10%, egg albumin 20%, amino acid mixture 5%, soy lecithin 15
%, cod liver oil 5.5%, vitamin mixture 5%, mineral mixture 1%, add 4 times as much water to adjust the pH to 7.0, heat to 75℃ or higher while stirring, sulfate group 25
% carrageenan is added to the raw material mixture to 8%, potassium chloride is added to 4%, cooled, freeze-dried, and crushed to a size of less than 500μ for use in frying shrimp, crab shrimp, flounder, etc. A mixed feed was obtained. Example 2 Casein 35%, egg albumin 15%, sucrose 10%
%, glucose 5.5%, starch 4%, fat 8%, mineral mixture 8.5%, vitamin mixture 3.2%, amino acid mixture 3.4%, egg yolk lecithin 1%, cholesterol 0.5%, cellulose 5.9% mixture with 28% sulfate groups. Add carrageenan to 3.5% and process in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare shrimp, gazami,
A mixed feed for young fish such as flounder was obtained. Example 3 Squid meal 22.6%, fish meal 12%, egg yolk powder 15.5%
%, lactalbumin 10%, bonito extract powder 9.2
%, clam extract powder 10.7%, amino acid mixture 4
%, vitamin mixture 5%, mineral mixture 5%, lipid 6% mixture, add water, adjust pH to 6.8-7.0, 70
Heat to above ℃, add 7% of the raw material mixture containing 16% of sulfate groups, and add 5% of potassium chloride.
The feed was adjusted and spray-dried to obtain a compound feed for young red sea bream. Example 4 Casein 35%, egg albumin 17%, gelatin 9
%, 8% dextrin, 8% amino acid mixture, 6% vitamin mixture, 8% mineral mixture, and 9% lipid, to which 8% fur-celleran containing 12% sulfate group was added and treated in the same manner as in Example 1. A compound feed for juvenile sweetfish was obtained. Test Example 1 300 Zoea 1st stage larvae of Kuruma Prawns were stocked in 30 aquariums, and the mixed feed for fry of Example 1 was fed once a day.
0.16 mg per larva was administered and reared for 8 days, and a comparison test was conducted with biological feed containing 30,000 cells/ml of Chietoceras and 15 Artemia individuals/larva per day. Both the biological feed and the feed of the present invention contain zoea (1 to 3
Stage), Mysis (stages 1 to 3), and grow into postlarva in 8 days.
The feed of the present invention also showed a high value of 85%. Similarly, the purified mixed feed of Example 2 was added to 0.16
mg/1 larva/day, the larvae grew into postlarvae in 8 days, and the survival rate was 90%. Test Example 2 10,000 zoea 1st stage larval rotifers were housed in a 500 panlite aquarium, and 133 rotifers/1 larva/day were administered to each zone for the 1st to 4th stages of zoea.
From the Zoea 2nd stage to the Megalopa stage, 0.455 mg/1 larva/day of the mixed feed for fry of Example 1 was administered in combination with rotifers, and reared for 10 days. 20 days, Artemia 60 individuals/1 larva/day, clams 1.7 mg/1 larva/day) and similarly encapsulated with a nylon protein film and compared with feed (Note). The survival rate is shown in Table 1.

[Table] Test Example 3 1500 3.3mm flounder fry were housed in 30 aquariums, 100 rotifers/fish/day were administered, and from the 7th day, 1.5mg/fish/fish/day of the mixed feed for fry of Example 1 was administered. Feed 1.8 of Example 1 from day 7 to the group administered in combination with
The animals were reared for 14 days in a group that was switched to mg/tail/day, and compared with the target rotifer group. Table 2-1 shows the results.
Shown below.

[Table] Similarly, 1.8 mg of the feed of Example 1 was administered to juvenile flounder fish per tail per day for 14 days.
100 target rotifers/1.8mg of tail/day and Zein coated feed/
A comparison test was conducted with those of Obi and Hibi. The results are shown in Table 2-2.

[Table] Test Example 4 1000 10-day-old red sea bream fry fed with 200 rotifers/tail/day were housed in 100 panlite aquariums, and 1.25 mg/tail/day of compound feed for young red sea bream from Example 3 was added to the tank for 26 days. The animals were administered for 16 days up to the age of 16 days and compared with a control biological feed and a nylon protein-coated feed of 1.25 mg/day. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Table] Test example 5 2000 7mm sweetfish fry in a 500 panlite aquarium
Each tail was housed, and 200 rotifers/tail/day were administered.
From the 10th day, the compound feed for juvenile sweetfish of Example 4 1.45
Example 4 from the 10th day and the group used in combination with mg/tail/day
The rats were reared for 30 days on a diet of 2.20 mg/day of rotifers and compared with the control plots of 150 rotifers/day and 30 Artemia/day of live feed. It is shown in Table 4.

【table】

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Add water to the nutritional ingredients for young fish containing water-soluble proteins that are reactive with red algae mucilage, heat to 70℃ or higher, and prepare red algae mucilage with 8 sulfate groups in its chemical components.
A method for producing a compound feed for young fish, which comprises blending a mucilage with a content of % or more, gelling it by adding potassium chloride, and then drying and powdering it.