JP3327974B2 - Disease resistant feed for crustaceans - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed for crustaceans having an enhanced tyrosine content, particularly an anti-feed against various infectious diseases such as vibrio disease in various crustaceans such as prawns and prawns. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the cultivation of shrimp and shrimp such as prawns and prawns has increased dramatically. And various infectious diseases including Vibrio disease occur frequently, resulting in remarkable depletion.

[0003] As a countermeasure, various antibacterial agents are frequently administered, but the number of cases in which resistant bacteria appear and do not improve the medication effect is increasing. In addition, when the number of drug holidays before shipping is insufficient, there is a concern that the drug may remain in the shrimp during shipping and cause a problem in food hygiene.

On the other hand, with respect to crabs, production of crab larvae has been carried out for a long time with a view to recharging resources by releasing them, and techniques for producing seeds and seedlings of other crabs are being developed. At present, the survival rate is poor to some extent. Under the circumstances described above, at present, it is desired to develop a reliable, easy and safe method of preventing wear, which is different from conventional methods, that is, an anti-disease feed.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the cultivation of crustaceans, crustaceans that can safely and easily improve the survival rate of crustaceans without any drug remaining against various infectious diseases including vibrio disease. To provide an animal disease resistant feed.

[0006]

The biological defense system of arthropods comprises cellular defense by blood cells in blood, protective substances such as lysozyme, lectin, complement-related factor and phenol oxidase precursor (proPO). It consists of humoral defenses such as activation and is thought to be the same for crustaceans. The proPO activation system found in crustaceans is responsible for one of the reactions in which phenolic substances such as tyrosine and dopa are oxidized by phenol oxidase generated by activation of proPO to form a black melanin pigment. In crustaceans, a phenomenon in which the surface of invading pathogenic microorganisms is covered with melanin pigment (fluid-encircling phenomenon) has been observed, and this plays a part in biological defense. It is presumed that there is a deep relationship.

On the other hand, in the silkworm, the tyrosine content in the body and in the blood is high, and as a result, the abundant tyrosine in the blood leaked out of the body is oxidized by phenol oxidase to form melanin, which quickly turns black. In crustaceans such as shrimp, the amount of tyrosine in the body and blood is lower than that of silkworms, so that the blackening of blood due to melanin formation is extremely slow and slight. Therefore, in crustaceans, pr
The humoral defense ability depending on the oPO activation system is considered to be extremely low as compared with silkworms.

From the above, when the tyrosine content in the crustacean body is increased, the humoral encapsulation ability by melanin formation in the proPO activation system is enhanced, and as a result, the biological defense ability is significantly enhanced. It is expected.

[0009] Based on the above findings and the like, the present inventors
When a crustacean feed with an enhanced tyrosine content was prepared and fed to prawns and shrimp larvae, it was discovered that they significantly enhance the biological defense ability and improve the survival rate. Completed the invention.

[0010] That is, the present invention relates to an anti-disease feed for crustaceans having an enhanced tyrosine content, which is intended to enhance the biological defense ability of the crustaceans themselves, Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the damage and growth inhibition factors caused by various infectious diseases, such as crustaceans, and consequently improve the rearing performance in crustacean aquaculture.

The replenishing source of tyrosine of the present invention includes tyrosine produced by extraction from protein hydrolysate, enzymatic method or direct fermentation from sugar, etc. It is valid. In addition, tyrosine-rich cells obtained by direct fermentation, or feed materials with a high tyrosine content, such as silkworm pupa meal, cocoons or their hydrolysates, and squid offal, may also be used as a supply source of tyrosine. it can.

Further, the same effect can be obtained by adding phenylalanine which is decomposed in vivo to tyrosine or dopa as an intermediate which finally leads to melanin formation.

[0013] The raw materials other than tyrosine used in the crustacean disease-resistant feed for enhancing tyrosine according to the present invention are mainly fish meal, krill meal, and squid meal, which include cholesterol, cereals, vegetable oil cakes, and binders. (Sodium alginate, CMC, guar gum, etc.), lecithin, a mineral mixture, a vitamin mixture and the like are appropriately selected and used as necessary.

The form of the disease-resistant feed for crustaceans may be any form such as pellets, crumbles, powders, fine particles and the like. There is no particular limitation on the combination with the feed. Tyrosine is preliminarily incorporated into a compound feed or a mixed feed, but a necessary amount may be added and mixed when a feed of various forms and properties is prepared at a farming or seed production site. The purpose can also be achieved by a method of spraying, spreading or adsorbing the compound feed together with water or feed oil.

In the present invention, the amount of tyrosine to be added to the crustacean disease-resistant feed necessary for imparting the disease resistance to crustaceans is 2%.
Up to about 3%, so strengthen it by about 0.2 to 3.0%,
It is desirable that the tyrosine content in the feed be 3.2 to 6.0%.

In the production of crustacean larvae, phytoplankton such as diatoms and zooplankton such as rotifer artemia are often used in combination with artificial feed such as fine particle feed, depending on the stage of development. . In the case of zooplankton, when cultivated in a solution containing tyrosine, the same high content of bacterial cells, and the same high content of plankton feed, this is taken into the body, and as a kind of biocapsule, it is useful for It can also be a tyrosine supply source.

The anti-disease feed for crustaceans according to the present invention includes all useful and freshwater prawns such as prawns, prawns, lobsters, prawns and giant freshwater prawns, and seawater such as crabs, king crabs, pine crabs, and crabs. And all freshwater crustaceans such as useful crabs.

[0018]

Example 1 After blending raw materials according to the blending ratios in Table 1,
Each was crushed to prepare a 20 kg feed.

[0019]

[Table 1]

Each 20 kg of the feed prepared as above is crushed by a high-speed crusher equipped with a 0.7 mm screen, and 4 liters of a 0.3% guar gum solution stirred and dissolved with water from the day before is added. And evenly mixed. Then, it was molded by a pellet mill (made by Ueda Iron Works) in which a φ2.5 mm die was set. Subsequently, it was dried at about 60 ° C. with a warm air drying machine to obtain an anti-disease feed for shellfish of the present invention and a control feed.

The result of measuring the tyrosine content in the crustacean anti-disease feed of the present invention was 3.91%, and that of the control feed was 2.39%.

Thirty-six prawns with an average body weight of 16 g were divided into four groups of nine, each of which was 60 × 30 × 40 cm.
And bred at a water temperature of 22 to 23 ° C. The two groups of the present invention were treated with the crustacean anti-disease feed of the present invention in which the tyrosine content was enhanced, the two groups of the control group were treated with the control diet, and 20 days from the day before the infection to the end of the test, All were administered daily at 1% of body weight.

The attack method is as follows: Vibrio sp. PJ is 1 × 10 ⁵ CFU
/ The muscle of the shrimp that died by inoculation of the tail was shredded into 2-3 mm squares, and from the 6th day after the start of the administration of the test feed, the test feed was administered at a rate of 0.2 g / tail per shrimp. The animals were given an oral infection 2 hours before the administration for 6 days. After the first oral infection 1
Over the four days, the number of dead animals every day was recorded and compared.

The results are shown in Table 2. That is, the survival rate of the two control groups was 0% and 11.1%, and the average was 5.6.
55.6% and 88.
9% and an average of 72.2%, indicating a significant difference (P <
0.01) was confirmed, and a remarkable anti-disease enhancing effect by feeding the anti-disease feed for crustaceans of the present invention was confirmed.

[0025]

[Table 2]

[0026]

Example 2 According to the mixing ratios shown in Table 3, finely pulverized raw materials were mixed, an appropriate amount of water was added to make a liquid having a water content of 75%, and then homogenized, and then spray-dried, respectively.
A fine particle feed for shrimp larvae of about 100 μm was prepared.

[0027]

[Table 3]

The result of measurement of the tyrosine content in the feed of the present invention was 4.29%, compared to 2.63% in the control feed.

The zoea stage larvae were divided into four groups of 200 larvae, each housed in a 2-liter beaker, and tested under aeration. Two of the groups received one feed of the present invention.
They were fed in 15 divided doses, 15 mg each day, and the other two groups were similarly fed with a control diet. In addition, phytoplankton was supplied twice daily as 1100 to 1300 cells of skeleton and mesosila per 1 ml of breeding water. After breeding for 6 days, the number of surviving tails was counted.

As shown in Table 4, the average survival rate of the control group was 18.5%, whereas that of the group of the present invention was 41.8%, indicating a significant difference (P <0.01). ) Was observed. From these results, it is clear that the survival rate of the larvae of prawns can be significantly improved by feeding the larvae feed enriched with tyrosine of the present invention.

[0031]

[Table 3]

[0032]

According to the present invention, by feeding a crustacean with a feed enriched in tyrosine, phenylalanine and the like, various depletion factors which are currently a problem can be eliminated, and survival from larva to adult can be eliminated. The rate can be significantly improved. As a result, it is expected that planned production will be possible at the seed and seedling production facilities, and that profitability will increase with the improvement of productivity at the farm, which will contribute to the stabilization of management. In addition, tyrosine is a type of amino acid, so there is no problem in food hygiene, and it has the effect of enhancing the biological defense ability inherent in crustaceans. Not at all.

[Table 4]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23K 1/18 102 A23K 1/16 301 CAPPLUS (STN) BIOSIS / MEDLINE / WPID S (STN)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An anti-disease feed for crustaceans having an enhanced tyrosine content.