JPS61132120A - Culture of basidiomycetous - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating basidiomycetes, and in particular to a method for cultivating basidiomycetes that can obtain fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes in a short period of time and at a high yield while preventing contamination of the culture medium with harmful bacteria. .

Conventionally, basidiomycetes such as shiitake mushrooms are produced by mixing nutritional substances such as rice bran with woody materials such as sawdust, adding an appropriate amount of water to prepare a culture medium, covering this with a synthetic resin film and sterilizing it, and then inoculating it with a seed fungus. A so-called artificial cultivation method is known in which the whole fruit body is obtained by cultivation under a suitable environment.

However, in this method, as the basidiomycete continues to be cultured, the moisture in the culture medium increases due to the respiration of the bacteria, and this respiration-produced water fills the voids in the culture medium, and the culture medium becomes oxygenated. The mycelium becomes deficient and the vitality of the hyphae decreases significantly. Furthermore, the humidity within the culture medium increases, creating a "stuffy" phenomenon, creating a favorable environment for harmful bacteria, especially Trichoderma, to proliferate. This has the disadvantage that contamination occurs and fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes often end up unformed. In addition, the above method is insufficient to supply oxygen, that is, air, necessary for the growth of basidiomycetes, and to remove respiratory gases such as carbon dioxide that are generated as the basidiomycetes grow. It has the disadvantage that the cultivation period is long due to the growth inhibition effect due to accumulation, and the yield of fruiting bodies is reduced.

In addition, in order to solve this drawback, providing a large number of small air holes in the synthetic resin film described above makes it easier to supply oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide gas, improving the "stuffiness" phenomenon, but The evaporation of water is accelerated and the culture medium dries out, and harmful bacteria invade the culture medium through the air holes in the synthetic resin film, inhibiting the growth of mycelium, and having a significant negative impact on the quality and yield of fruiting bodies. It has the disadvantage that cultivation becomes impossible halfway through.

Therefore, the present inventors have carried out various studies to develop a method for cultivating basidiomycetes that does not have such drawbacks, and as a result, the present inventors have found that, in order to develop a method for cultivating basidiomycetes that does not have such drawbacks, the present inventors found By covering the culture medium with a packaging sheet in which the holes on one sheet do not substantially overlap with the holes on the other sheet, excessive transpiration of the culture medium water during culturing, contamination by harmful bacteria, etc. can be prevented, and the culture medium Based on this knowledge, we learned that by properly supplying oxygen to the culture medium and discharging carbon dioxide from the culture medium, we could prevent the occurrence of the "stuffy" phenomenon in the culture medium and obtain fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes in a short period of time with good yields. Based on this, the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention covers a culture medium with a packaging sheet that is composed of two or more porous synthetic resin sheets, and between adjacent sheets, the holes of one sheet do not substantially overlap with the holes of the other sheet. This is a method of cultivating basidiomycetes, which is characterized by cultivating them.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

Examples of the synthetic resin sheet used in the present invention include films and sheets formed from synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or copolymers and blend polymers thereof. It is also possible to use seven or more of these, or a laminate of them and a metal foil such as aluminum foil.

In the present invention, a rupture port or crack is formed on the synthetic resin sheet by actually opening the pattern needle of a roll or a roulette with needles embedded in the peripheral wall.
) or by making intermittent cuts with something like a cutter knife to obtain a porous synthetic resin sheet.

The pore diameter of the above-mentioned porous synthetic resin sheet is preferably set to a size that does not allow the constituent materials of the culture medium, such as sawdust, bran, etc., to pass through, and specifically, it is particularly preferably less than /mm.

In addition, the shape of the hole is the rupture opening (crack opening) as described above.
, perforations and cuts, among which rupture holes (
In the case of a fissure, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas can be exchanged arbitrarily through the fissure, but since the fissure is usually closed, no harmful bacteria can invade from the outside. This is preferable because it is less likely to contaminate the culture medium.

Next, two or more of the above-mentioned porous synthetic resin sheets are stacked, and the holes in one sheet substantially overlap with the holes in the other sheet between the sheets that are adjacent to each other on the top and bottom, left and right, or inside and outside. Obtain the packaging sheets by shifting them from each other so that they do not overlap.

In the present invention, this description is extremely important, and even when there are seven porous synthetic resin sheets as described above, or when two or more sheets are stacked, the holes in one sheet are the same as in the other sheet. If the number holes overlap with each other, as mentioned at the beginning, the culture medium will dry out due to excessive transpiration of the culture medium water, and harmful bacteria will invade the culture medium through the pores of the porous synthetic resin sheet, causing basidiomycete hyphae to grow. inhibits growth, reduces the quality of fruiting bodies,
This has a great negative impact on the yield, and the culture medium rots midway through, making it impossible to continue the culture.

On the other hand, as in the present invention, a packaging sheet is made of two or more porous synthetic resin sheets, and between adjacent sheets, the holes in one sheet do not substantially overlap with the holes in the other sheet. When covering the culture medium, the oxygen necessary for the growth of basidiomycete hyphae and the removal of carbon dioxide gas generated during growth are properly carried out, and the excess moisture generated in the culture medium due to the respiration of basidiomycetes is removed. Since a moderate amount of water is evaporated into the outside air, the culture medium is always a suitable environment for the growth of basidiomycete hyphae, and the hyphae spread quickly and uniformly within the culture medium, resulting in a high yield of fruiting bodies in a short period of time. be able to.

And, what is especially important is that the openings of the holes in one sheet are closed by the non-openings in the other sheet, so harmful bacteria that spoil the culture medium or fungus bed can attach to the holes in the outer sheet. However, in order to penetrate the culture medium, the microorganism must move between sheets that are in close contact with each other, and as a result, it has the advantage that contamination by harmful microorganisms can be significantly prevented.

Since the packaging sheet used in the present invention is used by overlapping two or more porous synthetic resin sheets, some of the many holes provided on one sheet slightly overlap with the holes on the other sheet. Although this may be unavoidable, such duplication should be kept within a range that can prevent contamination by harmful bacteria to the maximum extent possible.

As for the number of holes in the porous synthetic resin sheet, it is preferable to have more holes in the sheet on the culture medium side, especially in the notebook in contact with the culture medium, than in the sheet on the outside air side, since this allows the mycelium to spread evenly. Further, the greater the number of porous synthetic resin sheets, that is, the more the number of porous synthetic resin sheets is, the more effectively the intrusion of harmful bacteria can be prevented. Furthermore, an air-permeable material such as a wrap or a nonwoven fabric may be interposed between the sheets.

Next, when covering the culture medium with a packaging sheet, the shape of the culture medium can be any shape, such as rectangular, cubic, kamabot, cylinder, or bell shape, depending on the shape of the container or bag in which the culture medium is to be filled. Can be mentioned.

Next, in order to carry out the present invention, the culture medium is coated and sterilized with the above-mentioned packaging sheet, and then seed bacteria are inoculated, followed by cultivation according to the usual cultivation method for basidiomycetes. Alternatively, the culture medium is placed in another packaging container, packaging bag, or device, inoculated with inoculum, cultured for an appropriate period of time, for example, until basidiomycete hyphae spread, and then taken out and covered with the above-mentioned packaging sheet, The following cultivation is carried out according to the usual cultivation method for basidiomycetes.

That is, the basidiomycetes to which the basidiomycete cultivation method of the present invention is applied include enokitake, oyster mushroom, nameko mushroom, shiitake mushroom,
Examples of the fungi include Aspergillus edulis, Kuritake, Kawaratake, Hii-rotake, Irregular edulis, Enamel mushroom, etc., and the type is not limited as long as it is a basidiomycete.

In addition, the culture medium used in the present invention includes seven or more types of main raw materials, such as wood materials such as sawdust, plant fibrous materials such as bagasse, rice husks, pods, and straw, and basidiomycetes. Examples include those to which nutritional substances have been added, but there is no restriction as long as it is a culture medium that is commonly used for cultivating basidiomycetes. In addition to the above-mentioned sawdust, the above-mentioned wood raw materials include trees such as beech, Quercus oak, Quercus oak, Date campa, Sawtooth oak, Shibu, cherry, Styrax, poplar, Alder, oak, Japanese chinquapin, Tab, teak, etc. Examples include those that are crushed or crushed by a machine, or made into flakes by a plane, a slicer, or the like.

At this time, it is preferable that the crushed or crushed tree has a particle size finer than about ≠ mesh, and the tree that has been made into flakes has a thickness of about 3 mm or less, preferably /- The following are preferred.

In addition, the nutritional substances for basidiomycetes added to the above main ingredients include:
Nitrogen sources such as rice bran, corn bran, corn staple liquor, wheat gluten, amino acids, soybean meal, soy sauce lees; carbon sources such as glucose and malt extract; minerals such as potassium phosphate, lime carbonate, and magnesium sulfate; selected from vitamins, etc. Examples include combinations of 7 types or 2 or more types. And the moisture in the culture medium! It is preferable to adjust it to r5-7.5%.

In addition, the inoculation and cultivation of basidiomycetes is carried out at a specific temperature depending on the type of individual basidiomycetes, e.g. ~2J℃ and humidity, e.g. The development of fruiting bodies subsequent to culturing is also carried out at a specific temperature, e.g. This is carried out by holding at 20° C. and humidity, for example, 0% to 0%, until fruiting bodies are generated and fully grown.

In regions and locations where the environmental humidity is high and in all seasons, basidiomycete hyphae are prevalent in the culture medium, and culture media that have some degree of resistance to contamination with harmful bacteria may be prepared using porous synthetic resin that is in contact with the outside air surface. By partially removing the resin sheet, cultivation management can be carried out according to the environment.

In addition, when fruiting bodies are formed, the packaging sheet of the present invention is removed in advance to prevent the shape of the fruiting bodies from deforming, and the fruiting bodies can be produced naturally or by a normal process such as submersion in water to ensure that the fruiting bodies are of good quality. It is possible to form a substance and harvest it.

As is clear from the above description, the present invention consists of two or more porous synthetic resin sheets, and the holes in one sheet are substantially the same as the holes in the other sheet between the seven sheets that are in contact with each other. Cover the culture medium with non-overlapping packaging sheets,
Since it is cultivated, it has the following advantages.

+1+ It is easy to supply the oxygen necessary for the growth of basidiomycetes such as shiitake mushrooms and nameko mushrooms, which have aerobic properties, and to easily discharge the respiratory gases such as carbon dioxide gas generated during growth.
Basidiomycetes grow vigorously without being affected by carbon dioxide gas.

(21 With the growth of Basidiomycetes, the moisture content inside the culture medium increases due to respiration, but when the culture medium is covered with a conventional film sheet without air holes, this respiration-produced water enters the voids within the culture medium. When the culture medium is full, the inside of the culture medium becomes oxygen-deficient, the vitality of mycelium decreases significantly, and the humidity inside the culture medium becomes an environmental condition favorable for the reproduction of harmful bacteria, especially Trichoderma. In many cases, contamination with harmful bacteria occurs and fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes are not formed, but according to the method of the present invention, moisture in the culture medium is appropriately evaporated, making it difficult for harmful bacteria to multiply. Basidiomycetes can be cultivated in a culture medium with a moisture content that is optimal for the propagation of mycelia.

(3) Even if contaminating bacteria adhere to the surface of the outer sheet, the pores of the sheet are closed by the inner sheet,
Since it is necessary to move through the gaps between the sheets, which are in close contact with each other, before entering the culture medium, the frequency of contamination by harmful bacteria can be reduced.

(4) Furthermore, since the present invention allows cultivating basidiomycetes while maintaining the culture medium in an optimal state for the growth of basidiomycete hyphae, the basidiomycetes not only grow vigorously and shorten the cultivation period;
The yield of fruiting bodies can be increased.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail by showing examples.

Example 1 A hole was punched using a sewing wheel in the shape of a 2 cm base on each side, and beech sawdust was made into a bag with a diameter/width cm and a height of 20 cm. Add a culture medium prepared by adding 0.21 g of raw rice bran to 60 g of water and apply saturated steam at a pressure of 9/C1fl and a temperature of 20°C for 0 minutes to sterilize it. was cooled to room temperature and inoculated with shiitake mushroom seed fungus (n Domura Edible Bacteria Research Institute 554) (control).

Hi-Zex film T-holes were punched with a roulette at intervals of J″ cm on top of the above film. A culture medium adjusted to 1% water was added to a stacked double bag and sterilized.
It was cooled and inoculated with shiitake mushroom inoculum (invention 1).

Also, the total hole diameter of the vertical row and horizontal row is 2rtm.
Make a hole with an incense stick, and put water in a double bag of No. A culture medium prepared by adding water was added to Otsu Ochi, sterilized and cooled, and all of the Shiitake mushroom seeds were inoculated (Invention 2).

In addition, the shiitake seed fungus was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the high-speed film of the above (invention 2) was made into three sheets (however, between adjacent sheets, the holes in one sheet do not overlap with the holes in the other sheet). (Invention 3). The culture medium was then cultured at a temperature of 23 DEG C. and a humidity of 70%. The control medium was contaminated by harmful bacteria in the atmosphere, and the culture could not be continued.

Example 2 One side of the inner sheet, the pattern of the base of 2 cm and the outer
Beech saw shavings were placed on Hi-ZEX film, which was made into a double bag with a diameter of J cm and a height of 20 cm by punching holes on the first side of the sheet in a vertical pattern at 5-tan intervals using a sewing machine. Add a culture medium prepared by adding raw rice bran 00000 to 2000 ml and add water to the culture medium to reduce the moisture content. was cooled to room temperature and inoculated with shiitake seed fungus (■ Village Edible Bacteria Research Institute 554) (this invention).

A culture medium containing 60% moisture was added to Hi-Zex film, which was made into a bag without punching holes with a roulette, sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with shiitake mushroom starter (control).

The culture medium was then cultured for 20-3.5'' days at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of ~70%.After the mycelia spread, the temperature was 20°C.
, under conditions of humidity 70~♂O%! After continuing for O~/♂O days, primordium formation was observed on the surface layer of the culture medium, so the film was removed and the culture medium was transferred to the generation chamber.

Temperature/! of the above culture medium in the generation chamber! The fruiting bodies were maintained under conditions of ~20°C and humidity ♂J-43''A for 7 days, and the fruiting bodies were harvested.For the second and subsequent harvests, the culture medium was submerged in water to allow the fruiting bodies to develop. Note that the yield is the total yield in three outbreaks.

The above results show that the present invention not only shortens the cultivation period but also increases the yield of fruiting bodies.

Example 3 Use a cutter to open the slits so that the slit length is cm and the distance between the slits is J" cm vertically and J" cm horizontally. Diameter/jcm
A mixture of beech sawdust St and uncooked rice wire O and St was applied to a Hi-Zex film processed into a double bag with a height of 20 cm to sterilize the film until the moisture content reached 1%, and then the film was cooled to room temperature. Shiitake seed fungus (Mori Sangyo@W4) was inoculated (this invention).

A culture medium prepared by adding 0.0 g of water to a Hi-Zex film made into a bag without slits was sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with shiitake mushroom starter (control).

Next, the culture medium was incubated at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 60-70% for 2 hours. ~3! Cultured for 1 day. After mycelial spread, the culture was continued for 60 to 10 days at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 70 to 0 degrees. Since primordium formation was observed on the surface layer of the culture medium, the film was removed and the culture medium was transferred to a growth chamber. The above culture medium is kept at temperature/evening ~20℃ and humidity in the generation room. The seeds were kept for 7 days under conditions of 5 pm in the evening to develop fruiting bodies, and the nuclear fruiting bodies were harvested.

For the second and subsequent harvests, the culture medium was submerged in water to allow fruiting bodies to develop. The yield is the total yield in three outbreaks.

The above results show that the present invention not only shortens the cultivation period but also increases the yield of fruiting bodies.

Example 4 Holes were punched in the inner sheet in the shape of a base with a side of 14 cm and in the outer sheet in a vertical pattern at j cm intervals using a sewing roulette to form a double bag with a diameter of /j'' cm and a height of 20 cm. A culture medium prepared by adding beech sawdust St and raw rice bran/l to a moisture content of 63% was placed in a Hi-Zex film that had been processed to 2.
After sterilizing by applying saturated steam at 0°C for 0 minutes, it was cooled to room temperature, and Nameko seed fungus (Kokuken Sangyo N217) was used.
(Invention) A culture medium prepared by adding water to 63% water was added to a Hi-Zex film which had been processed into a bag without punching holes using a 6-lurette, sterilized and cooled, and inoculated with Nameko inoculum (control).

Next, the culture medium was cultured and matured at a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 70° C., and the rear cover was removed and transferred to a fruiting body generation chamber.
Temperature/J-℃ and humidity♂! Fruiting bodies were generated under conditions of ~200°C with occasional watering.

The above results show that the present invention not only shortens the cultivation period but also increases the yield of fruiting bodies.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Cultivation by covering the culture medium with a packaging sheet consisting of two or more porous synthetic resin sheets, in which each hole in one sheet does not substantially overlap with each hole in the other sheet between adjacent sheets. A method for cultivating basidiomycetes characterized by: (2) The method for cultivating basidiomycetes according to claim 1, wherein the porous synthetic resin sheet is a porous synthetic resin sheet with a pore diameter of 1 mm or less. (3) The method for cultivating basidiomycetes according to claim 1, wherein the two or more porous synthetic resin sheets are two or more porous synthetic resin sheets stacked one on top of the other in a slidable manner.