JPH048006B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating basidiomycetes using a culture medium for cultivating basidiomycetes (hereinafter simply referred to as culture medium). Regarding the cultivation method.

In recent years, with the increase in demand for basidiomycetes such as shiitake mushrooms and the lack of logs necessary for their cultivation, sawdust,
It is cultivated using the so-called artificial cultivation method, which involves preparing a culture medium mainly made of rice bran, etc., packing it into containers such as boxes, sterilizing it, inoculating it with inoculum, and obtaining fruiting bodies by cultivating it under appropriate conditions. It's starting to look like this.

However, this method has had various problems because fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes, especially shiitake mushrooms, are generated from the exposed surface of the culture medium as well as from other surfaces, such as the bottom of the culture medium packed in a container.

In other words, fruiting bodies that emerge from the exposed surface of the culture medium for the purpose of growth grow into a normal shape, whereas fruiting bodies that emerge from surfaces other than the exposed surface are separated by the culture medium between the peripheral wall and bottom wall of a culture container such as a box. It cannot be harvested because it is caught in the gaps, it grows into irregularly shaped fruiting bodies, reducing its commercial value, and in some cases it becomes unmarketable. It is prone to rot due to the attachment of harmful bacteria, and the harmful bacteria further enters the culture medium. It has problems such as invasion, inhibiting mycelium, and having a great negative impact on the quality and yield of fruiting bodies.Moreover, because the fruiting bodies are generated from other than exposed surfaces, This has had various negative effects, such as not being able to obtain good yields of fruiting bodies of excellent quality.

Therefore, in performing artificial cultivation of Basidiomycetes using a culture medium, the present inventors prevented the generation of fruiting bodies from the non-exposed surface of the culture medium, and obtained fruiting bodies of excellent quality in good yield only from the exposed surface. As a result of various studies aimed at developing a method for cultivating basidiomycetes that would allow for the cultivation of basidiomycetes, a culture medium prepared by adding nutritional substances for basidiomycetes to wood materials such as sawdust was placed on an unglazed ceramic board. After covering the bottom of the culture medium with the non-exposed surface with a synthetic resin film and sterilizing it, the culture medium is inoculated with basidiomycete inoculum and cultured. The hyphae engage with minute irregularities on the surface of the unglazed plate, and the culture medium is integrally and closely bonded to the unglazed plate, and the generation of fruiting bodies from this coated surface can be prevented, and the culture medium is not covered by the unglazed plate. It was found that fruit bodies of excellent quality could be obtained in good yield from the exposed surface.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and in cultivating basidiomycetes using a culture medium for cultivating basidiomycetes, the bottom surface of the culture medium, or the bottom surface and peripheral surface thereof, can be attached to basidiomycete hyphae, and By culturing the basidiomycetes while being coated with a base material that is not decomposed or penetrated by the basidiomycete hyphae, the base material and the base material-covered portion of the culture medium are integrally and closely bonded, and the base material-uncovered portion of the culture medium is The present invention provides a method for cultivating basidiomycetes, which is characterized by producing fruiting bodies on an exposed surface.

Hereinafter, the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention will be explained in detail.

First, the basidiomycete which is the target of the basidiomycete cultivation method of the present invention, and the culture medium and substrate used in the basidiomycete cultivation method of the present invention will be explained.

Basidiomycetes to be used in the method of cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention include shiitake, tamogidake, kuritake,
Nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, versicolor mushrooms, Hiirotake mushrooms, stone mushrooms, and enameled mushrooms are examples.As long as they are basidiomycetes, they are not limited to the type, but among these, shiitake mushrooms produce fruiting bodies from non-exposed surfaces significantly compared to other basidiomycetes. Therefore, the basidiomycete cultivation method of the present invention is particularly effective when applied to the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.

In addition, the culture medium used in the present invention may be mainly made of one or more of wood materials such as sawdust, plant fibrous materials such as bagasse, rice husks, pods, and straw, and basidiomycetes. Examples include those to which nutritional substances have been added, but there is no restriction in any way as long as it is a culture medium that is commonly used for cultivating basidiomycetes. In addition to the above-mentioned sawdust, the above-mentioned wood raw materials include, for example, trees such as beech, Quercus, Quercus oak, Japanese birch, sawtooth oak, hornbeam, cherry, styrax, poplar, alder, oak, Japanese chinquapin, tab, and teak, etc. Examples include those that are crushed or crushed, or made into flakes using a plane, a slicer, or the like. At this time, it is preferable that the crushed or crushed tree has a particle size finer than about 4 mesh, and the tree that has been made into flakes has a thickness of about 3 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less. Preferably. Nutrient substances for basidiomycetes added to the above-mentioned main ingredients include nitrogen sources such as rice bran, corn bran, corn staple liquor, rice bran, amino acids, soybean meal, and soy sauce lees; carbon sources such as glycose and malt extract; and potassium phosphate. , minerals such as lime carbonate and magnesium sulfate; vitamins, etc., or a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of vitamins and the like. It is preferable to adjust the moisture content of the culture medium to 55 to 75%.

Further, the substrate used in the present invention is made of a material to which basidiomycete hyphae can adhere and is not decomposed or penetrated by the basidiomycete hyphae, and is not particularly limited as long as it has such characteristics, but Since it covers part of the surface of the culture medium,
Its form is preferably a plate, sheet or film. Preferred examples of such substrates include unglazed ceramic boards fired at low temperatures, slate boards made from asbestos mixed with cement, and white soft sulfate minerals. Inorganic boards with finely uneven surfaces such as ivy plaster boards,
An inorganic material that has many short and thin projections (villi) on its surface or many small holes (not through holes) on its surface, prevents pests and harmful bacteria from entering from the outside, and is not decomposed or penetrated by basidiomycetes. Synthetic resin sheets having a fibrous, cloth-like, cotton-like, sponge-like, or non-woven structure on the surface of organic base materials, base materials similar to these, and non-transparent synthetic resin films or metal films. Examples include sheet-like base materials obtained by adhering and laminating thin film-like structures such as pulp and paper.

In addition, base materials that do not have the above-mentioned characteristics, such as a simple glass plate, a metal plate, a simple synthetic resin film, and other simple plates, sheets, and films, are unable or insufficiently attached to the hyphae of basidiomycetes. In addition, substrates made only of wood materials such as wooden boards and plywood boards are easily decomposed and utilized by basidiomycete hyphae, and over time the substrate itself becomes a culture medium, from which fruiting bodies develop. Therefore, even when such a base material is used, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.

Next, the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention using the above-mentioned culture medium and substrate will be explained based on its embodiments, together with its effects.

The present invention is carried out by coating the bottom surface of a predetermined amount of the culture medium prepared as described above, or the bottom surface and the circumferential surface with the above-mentioned base material, and the method for coating this base material includes, for example, the following method. Can be mentioned.

A predetermined amount of culture medium is pressed into a predetermined shape and placed on the base material, and the culture medium and the base material are held in close contact with each other.

The bottom wall or the bottom wall and the inner circumferential wall (or side wall) of a container for storing a culture medium are made of a base material in advance, and the container thus structured is filled with a culture medium, and the culture medium and the base material are held in close contact with each other.

A base material is placed in advance on the top surface of the bottom wall and/or on the inner circumferential wall (or inner wall) of a container that stores the culture medium, and the culture medium is filled into the base material, and the culture medium and the base material are held in close contact with each other.

After the inoculum is inoculated into the culture medium and the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium and the culture medium is integrated by the hyphae, the integrated culture medium is extracted from the container, the extracted culture medium is appropriately shaped and cut, and the method is followed according to the methods described above, etc. The culture medium and the substrate are kept in close contact with each other. For example, the culture medium is molded and cut to match the shape of a container made of a base material, and then filled into the container.

Then, after coating the bottom surface of the culture medium, or the bottom surface and the peripheral side surface with a base material, and holding the culture medium and the base material in close contact with each other by the method described in ~, etc., inoculating the culture medium with a basidiomycete inoculum, Cultivate. In addition, when coating the substrate after inoculating the culture medium with basidiomycete inoculum and integrating the culture medium with hyphae, it is sufficient to coat the substrate by the method described above and continue culturing. .

When the culture is continued in this manner, the hyphae of the basidiomycete spread within the culture medium, and the hyphae engage with the irregularities on the surface of the substrate and adhere to the substrate. As a result, the culture medium is integrally and closely bonded to the substrate, and the "hyphal aggregate" necessary for the development of fruiting bodies is not formed in the part of the culture medium that covers the substrate, and the development of fruiting bodies can be prevented. . Therefore, according to the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention, fruiting bodies can be generated only from the substrate-uncovered portion (exposed portion) of the culture medium.

As mentioned above, the substrate may be coated at any time from before the inoculation of the basidiomycete inoculum to the time when the mycelial aggregates are formed, but it is preferably before the infestation of the basidiomycete hyphae on the culture medium. is even more preferable.

After the mycelium aggregate formation stage, the above-mentioned coating is no longer able to tightly bond the culture medium to the substrate, and it is no longer possible to prevent the growth of fruiting bodies from the culture medium.

In addition, the inoculation and cultivation of basidiomycetes is carried out at a specific temperature (e.g. 18-25℃) depending on the type of individual basidiomycetes.
and under humidity (e.g. 60-70%), "hyphal aggregates"
This is done by holding the culture medium for a sufficient time to form on the surface layer of the culture medium, and the development of fruiting bodies subsequent to culture is also carried out at a specific temperature (e.g. 10 ~20°C) and humidity (e.g. 80-90%) until fruiting bodies emerge and are fully grown.

In addition, when carrying out the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention, in order to prevent evaporation of the culture medium water during culturing, contamination by harmful bacteria, etc. In the case of a substrate-coated culture medium, the above-mentioned synthetic Remove the resin film and expose the culture medium to a bright room or sunlight.
By using them together, the effects of the present invention can be further increased.

The synthetic resin film used to cover the above-mentioned culture medium may be a breathable synthetic resin made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or a copolymer or blend polymer thereof. Film is an example.

As is clear from the above explanation, in the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention, when cultivating basidiomycetes using a culture medium for cultivating basidiomycetes, the bottom surface of the culture medium, or the bottom surface and the circumferential surface of the basidiomycete hyphae are By culturing the basidiomycete inoculum by covering it with a base material to which the basidiomycete hyphae can adhere and which is neither decomposed nor penetrated by the basidiomycete hyphae, the base material and the base material covering portion of the culture medium are integrally and closely bonded. Therefore, according to the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention, fruiting bodies can be prevented from forming from the substrate-coated portion of the culture medium, and fruiting bodies can be generated only on the predetermined exposed surface of the culture medium. Moreover, fruiting bodies with excellent quality such as shape, size, taste, etc. can be obtained in high yield.

In the conventional method of packing a culture medium mainly made of sawdust, rice bran, etc. into a wooden box, etc., sterilizing it, inoculating the seed fungus, and culturing the basidiomycetes, the culture medium gradually shrinks as the basidiomycete hyphae spread. , creating a gap between the culture medium and the side wall of the box filled with the culture medium,
Fruiting bodies emerge in this gap, resulting in a number of inconveniences as mentioned at the beginning. In addition, in the conventional culture method described above, in order to prevent evaporation of culture medium moisture and contamination by harmful bacteria, a synthetic resin film is inserted between the inside of the box and the culture medium, and the culture medium is wrapped in the synthetic resin film and cultured. In this method, as the culture medium gradually contracts as the basidiomycete grows, a gap is created between the culture medium and the synthetic resin film, and the fruiting bodies grow towards this gap. This brings about a number of inconveniences as mentioned above.

On the other hand, as described above, according to the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention, the disadvantages of the conventional method described above are completely eliminated, and fruiting bodies can be generated only from the surface of the intended culture medium.

Furthermore, in the method for cultivating basidiomycetes of the present invention,
The culture medium is integrally and closely bonded to the substrate,
Since it is convenient to carry, it has the advantage of being very convenient in changing the installation location of the culture medium and performing various treatments on the culture medium.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail by showing examples.

Example 1 Namecon (manufactured by Ouchi Wara Co., Ltd.) box (575 mm x 315
Place high-speed film (1200mm x 1300mm) in
G-board (manufactured by Asano Slate) (570mm x 300
mm x height 3 mm), then put in this box a culture medium prepared by adding 10 parts of beech sawdust to 1 part of raw rice bran to a water content of 60%, and pressure 1 kg/
After being sterilized by applying saturated steam at a temperature of 120° C. cm ² for 90 minutes, it was cooled to room temperature and inoculated with shiitake seed fungus (Mori Sangyo Co., Ltd. W4).

Next, this culture medium was placed in the box mentioned above and cultured at a temperature of 23°C and humidity of 60-70%. Mycelia spread on the 25th to 30th day of culture, and the above board was completed at the bottom of the culture medium. tightly bonded to. After that,
Remove the culture medium with the board tightly bound from the box,
When the culture was continued for 50 days, primordium formation was observed on the surface layer of the culture medium, so the film was removed and the culture medium was transferred to the generation chamber. The above-mentioned culture medium was maintained in a growth chamber at a temperature of 15° C. and a humidity of 85 to 90% for 7 days to generate fruit bodies on the exposed surface of the culture medium, and the fruit bodies were harvested. The location and yield of fruiting bodies were as follows.

The control was carried out in exactly the same manner as in the example except that the culture medium was placed directly on the high-speed film without using the board.

Occurrence site Yield (good shape) Example 1 Surface other than the area where it adheres to the board 1045g Control All circumferential surface 320g From the above results, in the case of the present invention, the area where the culture medium and the board are closely connected, that is, the base material coating area No fruiting bodies were generated, and the yield of good fruiting bodies was approximately three times that of the control.

Example 2 In Example 1, “Asano F.G. Board”
Shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 above, except that ``a sheet of black synthetic resin film laminated with paper'' (made of the same material as Ricoh Co., Ltd.'s copy paper packaging bags) was used instead. Obtained fruiting body.
The results are shown below.

Note that the control was carried out in the same manner as the control in Example 1.

Occurrence site Yield (good shape) Example 2 Surface other than the part attached to the board 1020g Control Entire circumferential surface 335g It can be seen that the above results are similar to those in Example 1.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. When cultivating basidiomycetes using a culture medium for cultivating basidiomycetes, the bottom surface of the culture medium, or the bottom and circumferential surfaces thereof, must be made of a material to which basidiomycete hyphae can attach and which can be decomposed by the basidiomycete hyphae. By cultivating basidiomycetes while being coated with a base material that cannot be penetrated, the base material and the base material-covered portion of the culture medium are integrally and closely bonded, and fruiting bodies are formed on the exposed surface of the culture medium that is not covered with the base material. A method for cultivating basidiomycetes characterized by producing. 2. The method for cultivating basidiomycetes according to claim 1, wherein the coating is applied at any time from before inoculation of the basidiomycete inoculum to the stage of mycelium aggregate formation.