JPS6035707A - Stereomicroscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a stereoscopic feel by having one common objective lens system and the 1st and 2nd image-forming lens systems which have respectively the optical axes parallel with the optical axis of said objective lens system and are used for forming respectively the intermediate images of an object to be examined. CONSTITUTION:An objective optical system is constituted of one common objective lens system 101 and the 1st and 2nd image-forming lens systems 103, 203 which have the optical axes parallel with the optical axis 101a of the system 101 and are used for forming the 1st and 2nd intermediate images 102, 202. The respective vertical angles alpha of prisms 106, 206 constituting deformed Porro prisms 104, 204 are given the size (90 deg.-omega/4), in which omega is the stereoscopic angle to an object E to be examined. The observation feel most approximate to the natural stereoscopic visual feel by the naked eyes is thus obtd.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an optical configuration of a binocular stereomicroscope, and more particularly to an optical configuration of a Surin 1-lamp binocular microscope used in the field of ophthalmology.

The optical types of binocular stereomicroscopes are broadly divided into Greenough type and Galileo type. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the Clineau type is constructed such that two optical paths (1) and (2) intersect at the surface of the object to be measured with an included angle ω.

These optical paths 1. , 11 each have an objective lens system 1a.
.

ratio, erecting optical systems 2a, 2b, and eyepiece system 3a,
3b, and is configured so that the optical axis IA of incidence on the objective lens and the optical axis IB of the eyepiece lid are parallel (Similarly, in the optical path 11, the optical axis UA of incidence and the observation light axis 11B is parallel). Here, the included angle ω is the examiner's eye e1
, e2 or a width comparison angle of 10° to 16° is selected when observing the test object E with the naked eye in a natural visual state without using a microscope. For this reason, in a Greenough binocular microscope, the included angle ω (hereinafter referred to as stereo angle) of the optical axes IA and HA of incidence on the objective lens and the eyepiece systems 3a and 3b
am optical axis 1n, included angle O (hereinafter referred to as 1+) of IIB is I2
) are equal, and as mentioned above, the stereo angle ω is the natural viewing angle f114! Since the angle is equal to l'Ii M, it has the advantage of allowing natural stereoscopic viewing. However, the optical path l.

In order to obliquely intersect
The configuration of a focusing and variable magnification optical system (not shown), which is normally arranged between the lens 2a (b) and the erecting optical system 2a (2b), also has the disadvantage of being a double ♦ (L).

On the other hand, in the Galileo type binocular microscope, as shown in FIG. 2, the optical paths (1) and (4) have their front axes parallel to each other. The optical path III is composed of an objective lens system 4, an imaging lens system 7a for forming an intermediate image Pa, an erecting optical system 5a, and an eyepiece system 611 for observing the intermediate image Pa.

Further, the optical path IV has the above-mentioned object lens system 4 as a common objective lens, and, like the optical path Ill, is composed of an imaging lens system 7b, an erecting optical system 5b, and an eyepiece system 6b. Here, the optical axes of both imaging lens systems 7a and 7b are parallel to each other and also parallel to the optical axis 4a of the objective lens system 4. Moreover, the observation optical axis 11 of the eyepiece lens systems 6a and 6b
1B and IVB are also configured to be parallel to the optical axes of the imaging lens systems 7a and 7b, respectively. Imaging lens system 7a
, 7b defines the stereo angle ω formed by the incident optical axis 111A and IVA of the objective lens system 4/\.

Because of the parallax caused by this stereo angle ω, the object E can be viewed stereoscopically even if the observation angle θ formed by the observation optical axis 11[B, rVB is 0. As mentioned above, this Galileo type binocular microscope has two optical paths■! ■Because they are parallel to each other, the configuration of the optical system is simple, and the configuration of the focusing mechanism and variable magnification mechanism is also easy, and it is relatively easy to add optical paths for JlJ such as the photographing optical system and side view mirror. He had the advantage of being able to

In general, the human eye is in the most comfortable and least tiring viewing state in the distance viewing mode, where there is no difference in the width of the line of sight between the two eyes, and there is no adjustment of the crystalline lens. This means that the microscope vA
The same goes for observation, with one observation optical axis 11111. It is said that a Galilean type microscope, in which In is parallel to each other, causes less fatigue during observation than a Greenough type microscope, in which both sides are wide, and is advantageous for long-term observation.

However, a microscope is a device that magnifies and observes a small object placed at a close distance, and in a Galileo type microscope, even if the light flux from an infinite distance enters the eye, optically, even if the light beam from a short distance enters the eye, the light beam from a short distance does not reach the brain. The disadvantage was that there was a prerequisite information that one was looking at an object, which created a difference between natural sensations. This is especially true because parallax caused by the stereo angle ω is observed even though there is no eye rotational movement information, that is, no vertiginous movement information, so that 11 observers experience an unnatural feeling that is stronger than the normal stereoscopic effect. It had the disadvantage of providing stereoscopic vision.

Furthermore, taking the case of a binocular stereomicroscope with a Surin 1-lamp device used in the ophthalmology field as an example, a doctor can adjust the irradiation position of the slit illumination light onto the subject's eye, adjust the width of the slit, etc.
It is often necessary to observe the subject's eye with the naked eye in order to adjust the length or perform simple surgical procedures on the subject's eye, and at that time, the doctor's observing eye is naturally in a nearsighted state. Next, they had to look through a microscope and open their eyes to a distance vision state with no obstructions to see in 3D, which had the disadvantage of not being able to instantaneously achieve positive or 3D vision.

The exaggeration of the stereoscopic effect and the need for numerical movement from macroscopic to stereoscopic viewing in the Carileo binocular stereomicroscope negates the conventionally said lack of observation fatigue, and on the contrary, compared to the Greenough type microscope. Despite having the various advantages mentioned above, the Galilean type microscope had drawbacks such as increased observation fatigue, inaccurate observation, and treatment errors due to misperception of distance.

On the other hand, the Clino type binocular stereo microscope has the above-mentioned advantage of being able to observe the object under a microscope with the same stereoscopic visibility as the near vision with the naked eye. In some cases, it may not be possible to distinguish images with a three-dimensional effect close to that of natural vision, and there has been a demand for a stronger three-dimensional effect.

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the various drawbacks of the conventional binocular microscopes and to satisfy the demands described above.

The present invention will be described below with reference to figures showing preferred embodiments. FIG. 3 shows a binocular stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
The optical arrangement is shown using the binocular stereoscopic microscope section of the lamp as an example. This binocular microscope includes an objective optical system J3 for creating first and second intermediate images 1.02.202 of the object E;
and an eyepiece system 105.205, the first optical path 10
It is composed of two optical paths: 0 and a second optical path 200.

The first optical path 100 includes a common Qi objective lens system 101, an imaging lens system 103 which is a lens for forming an intermediate image 102 and whose optical axis is parallel to the optical axis 101a of the single objective lens system 101, and an optical path polarized light. It is composed of a modified Porro prism 104 which is a means and serves as a royal optical system, and an eyepiece system 05 for observing an intermediate image 102. On the other hand, the second optical path 200 includes the single objective lens system 101, an imaging lens 203 which is a lens for forming an intermediate image 202 and whose optical axis is parallel to the optical axis 101a of the single objective lens system 101, and an optical path deflector. It is composed of a deformed Porro prism 204 as a means and an erecting optical system, and an eyepiece system 205 for observing the intermediate image 202.

The objective optical system shown in this type has one common objective lens system 101 and an optical axis parallel to the optical axis 101a of the objective lens system 101, and forms first and second intermediate images 102.202. The first and second imaging lens systems 103°203
It is composed of.

Here, the apex angle α of each prism 106.206 constituting the deformed Porro prism 104.204 is (90°−
ω/4). ω is to the test object E,
This is a stereo angle formed by the incident optical axis 100A of the first optical path 100 and the incident optical axis 200A of the second optical path 200, and the size is determined by the base line length Q between the two imaging lenses 103 and 203. From the above relationship between α and ω, the first optical path 1
00 observation optical axis 100B and second optical path 200 observation optical axis 2
The observation angle 0 formed with 00B is configured to be equal to the stereo ankle ω.

The following experimental results confirm that when the stereo angle ω and the viewing angle 0 are made equal in this way, the VA perception is closest to the natural stereoscopic vision seen by the naked eye.

The experiment was conducted using an inner diameter a = 2.0 m/m as shown in Figure 4.
A test object having a conical columnar hole 300 with a depth d = 2.0 m/m (depth/inner diameter ratio = 1) was first observed with the naked eye by 10 observers shown in Table 1, and then a second All of the test objects were observed by an observer using the five types of binocular stereomicroscopes shown in the table. For each model, the subjects were asked to rate on a five-point scale from 1 to 5 whether the ratio between the inner diameter a and the depth d of the object to be examined under the microscope was larger or smaller than that seen with the naked eye. In addition, if it is the same as the naked eye, the answer is 3, and the stronger the three-dimensional effect, that is, the larger the depth/inner diameter ratio, the higher the answer is 4 or 5. Conversely, if the three-dimensional effect is less, the answer is 2 or 1.
(Small) I asked them to answer in numbers. Table 3 shows the three-dimensional effects of five types of microscopes obtained by 10 observers.

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the viewer's stereoscopic perception is most closely related to the observation angle O, and in both the present invention, the Carileo type, and the Greenough type, the smaller the observation angle υ, the more the stereoscopic effect (1
Become a people person. In addition, it has been proven that for both types, when the stereo angle ω and the observation angle O are equal, 1, a natural three-dimensional effect similar to that seen with the naked eye can be obtained from 1u to JL.

As explained above, in this embodiment, since the optical axes of the imaging lenses 103 and 203 are kept parallel to each other, the variable magnification optical system and the focusing optical system ( The Carileo type is characterized by the fact that the imaging lens (sometimes it also serves as a lens) and its drive mechanism are simpler than the Greenough type, and it is also easier to incorporate attached optical systems such as the imaging optical system. The first embodiment described above makes it possible to obtain a new Carileo type binocular stereo microscope that combines the advantages of a binocular stereo microscope and the Greenough type which allows microscopic observation with the same natural three-dimensional effect as when observed with the naked eye. In this case, a fixed configuration was used so that the stereo angle ω and the observation angle O were equal, but the observation angle O
By making it variable, the three-dimensional effect when observed under a microscope is made larger than that seen with the naked eye in both the Clino and Calileo models.

It may be desirable to be able to make it smaller or change it.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a configuration equipped with an observation angle adjusting means for this purpose, which is both types of optical path polarizing means shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, and a modification of the erecting optical system. Only the erect optical system of the optical path is shown. The erecting optical system 400, which is an optical path deflection means, is composed of two doped prisms 401 and 4029, and the reflective surface /l02a of the second doped prism 402 is the same as the first doped prism 402.
The two tope prisms constitute an erecting optical system such that an inverted image is observed as an erect image. It has an observation angle adjustment means that can move the observation optical axis 404 in a horizontal plane by rotating the 21st prism 402 about 1++l+4o:a as the rotation axis, and by changing this observation angle 0, the three-dimensional effect can be changed. It is configured so that it can be used.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment for changing the three-dimensional effect. Erecting optical system 1 as optical path deflection means for one optical path
110 is composed of a first right-angle prism 411, a rotating mirror 4]2, and a second right-angle prism 413 having a ridgeline in a plane perpendicular to the ridgeline of the first right-angle prism 411. 2nd right angle brism 41
3 refers to the rotation axis 4 which is integrated with the eyepiece 500.
The viewing angle adjustment means is configured to be rotatable about the axis 12a. This allows the viewing angle O to be changed, thereby changing the three-dimensional effect.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing still another embodiment for making the stereoscopic effect variable. It is composed of a prism 421 and a second right-angle prism 422, and the second right-angle prism 422 has a reflective surface 42.
The viewing angle adjustment means is configured to be able to rotate integrally with the eyepiece lens 500 around a rotation axis 422b inside the eyepiece 2a. This allows the vA viewing angle 0 to be changed and the three-dimensional effect to be changed.

Further, the second right angle prism 422 is a roof right angle prism 42.
1 can be changed, so that the observation optical system can be adjusted to the interpupillary distance of observer A.

By the way, having such an observation angle adjustment means,
The present invention is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 3, but can also be applied to the Klino type shown in FIG. 1 and the Calileo type shown in FIG. In this case, in the Greenough type, the objective lens type and the imaging lens system are shared, and the objective optical system has the first objective lens system 1a for forming the first intermediate image and the second intermediate image. The optical axes of the first and second objective lens systems 1a and lb intersect with each other so as to form a stereo angle ω.

As explained above, if you use a binocular stereomicroscope with the observation angle adjustment means shown in Figures 5 to 7, you can freely select the stereoscopic effect when observing under the microscope, making it extremely useful for stereoscopic observation. It's convenient.

Furthermore, although each of the above embodiments uses a reflective surface to obtain an observation angle of 0, the present invention is not limited to this, and the refraction effect of a prism may also be used. FIG. 8 shows an example, in which the objective lens 101 of the first optical path 100
Similarly, a deflection prism 4505 is placed between the objective lens 101 and the imaging lens 2 in the second optical path 200.
By arranging the deflection prisms 50G between 030 and 030, an observation angle O is obtained.

In this embodiment, the rotor 1 is further configured with a deflecting prism 505 (a rotor 1 no prism consisting of small achromatic prisms 501 and 502, which rotate by the same amount in opposite directions with the shaft 505a as the rotation axis). Adopts no prism.Similarly, deflection beam 506
It is also constituted by a rotary prism consisting of small achromatic prisms 503 and 504. By operating the rotary prism, which is the observation frl adjustment means, the observation angle O can be changed. Note that the imaging lens 10
3. After 203, the left and right eyepiece systems operate at the same time as the rotary prism; their intersecting angles are changed in conjunction with each other, and the observation angle O is changed so that the axis does not shift. be done)

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows the optical arrangement of a conventional Clino type binocular stereo microscope, Fig. 2 shows the optical arrangement of a conventional Galileo type binocular stereo microscope, and Fig. 3 shows the first embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the object to be tested used for the stereoscopic effect test, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the second embodiment of the present invention with only the erecting optical system part of one optical path. , FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the third embodiment of the present invention with only the erecting optical system portion of one optical path, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the fourth embodiment of the present invention with the erecting optical system section of one of the optical paths. FIG. 8, which shows only the system part, is an optical layout diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 100B, 200B...Observation optical axis, la, 1b, 101-objective lens system, 1.02,202...Intermediate image, 103,203...Imaging lens system, 104.204,400. ? 110,42
0... Optical path deflection means, 105, 205... Eyepiece system, ω... Stereo angle, 0... Observation angle, E... Test object.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) First and second imaging lens systems each having one common objective lens system and an optical axis parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens system, and each forming an intermediate image of the object to be examined. and first and second lenses disposed behind each of the two imaging lens systems and deflecting each of the light beams emitted from the imaging lens system outward with respect to the optical axis of the objective lens system.
A binocular stereomicroscope comprising: an optical path deflecting means; and first and second eyepiece systems disposed behind each of the two optical path deflecting means for observing each of the intermediate images; and that the stereo angle ω determined by the JJ= line length between the second imaging lens system and the observation angle O formed by the observation optical axes of the first and second eyepiece systems are approximately equal. A binocular stereo microscope featuring (2) The binocular stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein the first and second optical path deflecting means each serve as an erecting optical system. (3) Each of the first and second optical path polarizing means includes a first prism having first and second reflective surfaces for reversing the left and right direction of the light beam emitted from the imaging lens system; a second prism having third and fourth reflective surfaces for reversing the vertical direction of the luminous flux emitted from the prism and guiding it to the eyepiece lens system, and an intersection of the first and second reflective surfaces; 3. The binocular stereomicroscope according to claim 2, wherein the angle α has a relationship of α=90″−ω/4.