JPS6035708A - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the observation feel most approximate to the natural stereoscopic visual feel by the naked eyes by having an objective optical system for forming the 1st and 2nd intermediate images of an object to be examined, the 1st and 2nd eyepiece lens systems for said system and a means of adjusting an observation angle. CONSTITUTION:A binocular microscope has an objective optical system for forming the 1st and 2nd intermediate images 102, 202 of an object E to be examined and the eyepiece lens systems 105, 205 and is constituted of two optical paths:the 1st optical path 100 and 2nd optical path 200. The respective vertical angles alpha of prisms 106, 206 constituting deformed Porro prisms 104, 204 are given the size (90 deg.-omega/4), in which omega is the stereoscopic angle formed by the incident light axis 100A of the 1st optical path 100 to the object E and the incident light axis 200A to the 2nd optical path 200. If the angle omega and an observation angle theta are made equal, the observation feel most approximate to the natural stereoscopic visual feel by the naked eyes is obtd.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an optical configuration of a binocular stereomicroscope, and more particularly to an optical configuration of a slit lamp binocular microscope used in the ophthalmology field.

The optical types of binocular stereomicroscopes are broadly divided into Greenough type and Galileo type. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the Greenough type is constructed such that two optical paths I and II intersect at the surface of the object to be measured with an included angle ω.

These optical paths 1. II each has an objective lens system 1a.

1b, erecting optical systems 2a, 2b, and eyepiece system 3a,
3b, and is configured so that the optical axis IA of incidence on the objective lens and the optical axis IB of the eyepiece are parallel (Similarly, in the optical path IJ, the incident light Φ+l+
1. IA and observation optical axis 11B are parallel). Here, the included angle ω is the examiner's eye (+1), which is the !ll included angle 1 when the e-near observes the specimen E with the naked eye in natural vision without using a microscope.
0'~16° is selected, 1 degree is selected. For this reason, in a Greenough binocular microscope, the optical axes of incidence on the objective lens are IA and IIA.
The included angle ω (hereinafter referred to as stereo angle) and the included angle between the observation optical axes 1B and IIB of the eyepiece systems 3a and 3b.

(hereinafter referred to as the In angle) are equal, and as described above, the stereo angle ω is configured to be equal to the radial angle in the natural viewing state, so it has the advantage of allowing natural stereoscopic viewing. However, optical path I.

(2) Since the lenses are crossed obliquely, the machining for assembling the optical parts is complicated, and the objective lens system 1a.

(1b) and the erecting optical system 2a (2b), the structure of a focusing and variable magnification optical system (not shown), which is usually arranged between the lens (1b) and the erecting optical system 2a (2b), is also complicated.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the Galilean type binocular microscope has optical paths II and B whose optical axes are parallel to each other. The optical path (2) is composed of an objective lens system 4, an imaging lens system 7a for forming an intermediate image Pa, an erecting optical system 5d, and an eyepiece system 6a for observing the intermediate image Pa. Also,
The optical path 1■ has the objective lens system 4 as a common objective lens, and similarly to the optical path I11, an imaging lens system 71),
It is composed of an erecting optical system 5b and a tangent lens system 6b. Here, the optical axes of both imaging lens systems 7a and 7b are parallel to each other and also parallel to the optical axis 4a of the objective lens system 4. In addition, the vA optical axis 1 of the eyepiece systems 6a and 6b
1113 and 1VI3 are also configured to be parallel to the optical axes of the imaging lens systems 7a and 7b, respectively. The stereo angle ω formed by the incident optical axis +11A and IVA of the objective lens system 4 is determined by the line length Q defined by the interval between the imaging lens systems 7a and 71).

Because of the parallax caused by the stereo angle ω, the object E can be viewed stereoscopically even if the observation angle O formed by the observation optical axes l[B, rVB is O. As mentioned above, this Galileo type binocular microscope has two optical paths III.

Since the IVs are parallel to each other, the configuration of the optical system is simple, and the configuration of the focusing mechanism and variable magnification mechanism is also simple, and it is relatively easy to add accessory optical paths such as the photographing optical system and side view mirror. It had its advantages.

In general, human eyes are in the most comfortable and least tiring viewing state when viewing at a distance, with no range of binocular vision and no adjustment of the crystalline lenses. The same is true for microscopic observation; a Galileo-type microscope with both optical axes +11[+ and IVD parallel to each other causes less fatigue during observation than a Greenough-type microscope with both sides wide. It is said to be advantageous for long-term observation.

However, a microscope is a device that magnifies and observes small objects placed at a close distance, and with a Galilean microscope, even if a beam of light from an infinite distance enters the eye, it does not reach the brain. ＼ has the prerequisite information that you are looking at an object at a short distance, which has the disadvantage of creating a difference from the natural sensation. This is especially true because parallax caused by the stereo angle ω is observed even though there is no rotational movement information of the eyes, that is, width and light movement information +U, so the viewer perceives an unnatural feeling that is stronger than the normal stereoscopic effect. It had the disadvantage of providing stereoscopic vision.

Furthermore, taking the case of a binocular stereomicroscope with a Surin 1-lamp device used in the ophthalmology field as an example, a doctor can adjust the irradiation position of the slit illumination light onto the eye to be examined, and adjust the width, length, etc. of the Surin 1 lamp. key 1, or simple hand 1 to the eye to be examined
! 11 It is often necessary to observe the subject's eye with the naked eye for treatment, and at that time, the doctor's observing eye is naturally placed in a near-sighted state. Next, I had to look into the microscope and open my eyes to the unprecedented state of distance vision, and see in 3D.
The drawback was that positive images and stereoscopic vision could not be obtained instantaneously.

It has been said in the past that the Galileo-type binocular stereomicroscope exaggerates the stereoscopic effect and that it is necessary to move from macroscopic vision to stereoscopic vision! It has the various advantages mentioned above, such as reducing the fatigue caused by riJl observation compared to the Greenough type microscope, and causing inaccurate observation and treatment errors due to misperception of distance. Despite this, it was a drawback of the Carileo microscope.

On the other hand, the Clino type binocular stereo microscope has the above-mentioned advantage of being able to observe the object under a microscope with the same stereoscopic visibility as the near vision with the naked eye. In some cases, it may not be possible to distinguish images with a three-dimensional effect close to that of natural vision, and there has been a demand for a stronger three-dimensional effect.

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the various drawbacks of the conventional binocular microscopes and to meet the demands described above.

The present invention will be described below with reference to figures showing preferred embodiments. FIG. 3 shows the optical arrangement of the binocular stereomicroscope according to the present invention, taking the binocular stereomicroscope section of a slit lamp as an example. This binocular microscope has an objective optical system for creating first and second intermediate images 102.202 of the object E, and an eyepiece system 105.205, and has two optical paths, a first optical path 100 and a second optical path 200. It consists of two optical paths. The first optical path 100 includes a common single objective lens group 101 and an intermediate image 102.
and 111 objective lens system 10.
an imaging lens system 103 whose optical axis is parallel to the optical axis 101a of the image forming apparatus 1; a deformed Porro prism 104 which serves as an optical path polarizing means and serves as an erecting optical system; and an eyepiece system 105 for observing the intermediate image 102. It has been constructed from 4. On the other hand, the second optical path 200 includes the single objective lens system 101, an imaging lens 203 which is a lens for forming an intermediate image 202 and whose front axis is parallel to the optical axis 101a of the single objective lens system 101, and an optical path deflector. It is composed of a deformed Porro prism 204 as a means and an erecting optical system, and an eyepiece system 205 for observing the intermediate image 202.

The objective optical system shown in this type has one common objective lens system 101 and an optical axis parallel to the optical axis 101a of the objective lens system 101, and has an optical axis parallel to the optical axis 101a of the objective lens system 101. The first and second imaging lens systems 103°203
It is composed of.

Here, the apex angle α of each prism IO6, 206 constituting the modified Porro prism 1.04.204 is (90”
--ω/4). ω is the test object E/
\, the incident optical axis 100A of the first optical path 100 and the second optical path 2
It is the stereo angle formed by the incident optical axis 200A of 00, and its size is determined by the base line length Q between the two imaging lenses 03 and 203. From the above relationship between α and ω, the viewing angle O formed by the observation optical axis 100B of the first optical path 100 and the observation light 1i111200B of the second optical path 200 is configured to be equal to the stereo angle ω.

In this way, when the stereo angle ω and the 1259 angle 0 are made equal, the following experimental results are shown to provide a view that is closest to the natural stereoscopic visual sensation seen by the naked eye.

In the experiment, the inner diameter a = 2.0 m/m as shown in No. 4191,
The object to be tested, which has 300 round holes with a depth of d-2, θm/m (depth/inner diameter ratio = 1), was first observed with the naked eye by the 10 tl'A observers shown in Table 1. Next, all the observers were allowed to observe the above-mentioned object using five types of binocular stereoscopic microscopes (#1) not shown in Table 2. Then, for each model, the subjects were asked to rate on a five-point scale from 1 to 5 whether the ratio of the inner diameter a to the depth d of the test object when observed under a microscope was larger or smaller than the ratio when observed with the naked eye. . In addition, if the three-dimensional effect is the same as the naked eye, the number is 3, and the stronger the three-dimensional effect, that is, the larger the depth/inner diameter ratio, the higher the answer is 4.5, and conversely, if the three-dimensional effect is less, the answer is 2.1. I had them answer with numbers. Table 3 shows the three-dimensional effects of the five types of microscopes according to the observation names of 10 people.

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the observer's three-dimensional perception is most closely related to the angle of observation O, and in both the Galileo type and the Greenough type, the smaller the viewing angle O, the more the stereoscopic effect The feeling grows. Also, both models have a stereo angle of ω and 1m.
It has been proven that when the angles O are equal, a natural three-dimensional effect similar to that seen with the naked eye can be obtained.

As explained in Section 11, since the lens in this embodiment is used as a lens, the variable magnification optical system and the focusing optical system (if the imaging lens also serves as a lens) are placed before and after the lens. The advantage of the Galileo type binocular stereo microscope is that its drive mechanism is simpler than that of the Greenough type, and it is easier to incorporate attached optical systems such as an imaging optical system. A new Galileo-type binocular stereoscopic microscope can be obtained, which has the advantage of the Greenough type, which allows illumination observation under a microscope with the same natural three-dimensional effect.

2. In the first embodiment, the stereo angle ω is fixedly configured so that the observation angle O is equal, and the 11 angle O
In both the Klino type and the Galileo type, it may be desirable to be able to change the stereoscopic effect when observed under a microscope by making it larger or smaller than that seen with the naked eye by making it variable.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a configuration equipped with an observation angle adjusting means for this purpose, which is both types of optical path polarizing means shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, and a modification of the erecting optical system. Only the erect optical system of the optical path is shown. The erecting optical system 400, which is an optical path deflection means, includes two doped prisms 40. ．． 1 and 402, and the reflective surface 402a of the second doped prism 402 is the reflective surface 401.1 of the first 1-1 prism 40.1. The erecting optical system is constructed so that the doped prisms can be observed as an inverted f-elephant or an erect image. It also has an observation angle adjustment means that can move the observation optical axis 7104 in a horizontal plane by rotating the second doped prism 402 about the axis 403, and by changing this observation angle 0, the three-dimensional effect can be changed. It is configured as follows.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment for changing the three-dimensional effect. Erecting optical system 4 which is optical path deflection means for one optical path
], 0, consists of a first right-angle prism A/ill, a rotating mirror 412, and a second right-angle prism 413 having a ridgeline in a plane perpendicular to the ridgeline of the first right-angle prism 411; 412 and second right angle prism 413
The axis of rotation 41 together with the eyepiece 500
The viewing angle adjustment means is configured to be rotatable about 2a as an axis. This changes the observation angle O,
This makes it possible to change the three-dimensional effect.

FIG. 7 is a diagram not showing yet another embodiment of the device for making the three-dimensional effect variable; the erecting optical system 420, which is the optical path deflection means for one optical path, is composed of a Taha right-angle prism 421 having a roof surface 421a; , a second right-angle prism 422, and the second right-angle prism 422 has an irregular surface 422a.
It has an observation angle adjustment means that can rotate integrally with the eyepiece lens 500 about the inner rotation axis 422L+. This allows the viewing angle O to be changed and the three-dimensional effect to be changed.

Further, the second right angle prism 422 is a roof right angle prism 42.
1 and the distance Dk can be changed so that the observation optical system can be adjusted to the interpupillary distance +i+Ik of the viewer.

By the way, the provision of such a wt viewing angle adjustment means is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 3, but also the Greenough type shown in FIG.
It can also be applied to the Galileo type shown in FIG. In this case, in the Clineau type, the objective lens type and the imaging lens system are shared, and the objective optical system has the first objective lens system 1a for forming the first intermediate image and the second intermediate image. The first and second objective lens systems 1a and lb intersect within each other's light so as to have a stereo angle ω.

As explained above, if you use a binocular stereomicroscope with the observation angle adjustment means shown in Figures 5 to 7, you can freely select the stereoscopic effect when observing under the microscope, which is extremely convenient for stereoscopic observation. It is.

In addition, the present application is not limited to whether a reflective surface is used to obtain an observation angle of 0 in the above-mentioned examples.
The refraction effect of a prism may also be used. FIG. 8 shows an example, in which the objective lens 101 of the first optical path 100
Similarly, a deflecting prism 505 is placed between the objective lens 101 of the second optical path 200 and the imaging lens 20.
Observation angle θ is obtained by arranging deflection prisms 506 between 3 and 3, respectively.

In this embodiment, the deflection prism 505 is further composed of a rotary prism consisting of a small achromatic prism 50] and 502, which are rotated 1i111 about an axis 505a.
It uses rotary prisms that rotate by the same amount in opposite directions. Similarly, the deflection prism 506
It is also constituted by a rotary prism consisting of small achromatic prisms 503 and 504. The viewing angle O can be changed by operating the rotary prism serving as the viewing angle adjustment means. Note that the imaging lens 103.2
The left and right eyepiece systems after 03 are also configured to change their crossing angles in conjunction with the operation of the rotary prism, so as to follow the change in the observation angle O so as not to cause axis misalignment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows the optical arrangement of a conventional Talino type binocular stereo microscope, Fig. 2 shows the optical arrangement of a conventional Galileo type binocular stereo microscope, and Fig. 3 shows the first embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a test object used in a three-dimensional effect test, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing only the erecting optical system section of one optical path of the second embodiment of the present invention. , FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the third embodiment of the present invention, showing only the royal optical system section of one optical path, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing only the erect optical system section of one optical path. FIG. 8 is an optical layout diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 100B, 200B...Observation optical axis, Ia, lb, 101.Objective lens system. 102.202・Intermediate image, 103,203...Imaging lens base, 1.04,204,400. /110,420
- Optical path deflection means, 1.05,205 - Eyepiece base, ω - Stereo angle, 0 - Observation angle, E - Test object.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) An objective optical system for creating first and second intermediate images of a subject, and first and second eyepieces for observing the first and second intermediate images, respectively. a binocular stereomicroscope, comprising a first and second royal optical system disposed in front of the first and second eyepieces, respectively, so that the intermediate image can be observed as an erect image; '35 characterized by having an observation angle adjusting means for changing the observation angle O formed by the wJl optical axes of the first and second eyepiece systems, so that the three-dimensional effect of observation for the observer can be changed.'35 Ocular stereomicroscope. (2) The first and second erecting optical systems each have a small
2. The binocular stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein the binocular stereomicroscope has two reflecting surfaces, and at least one of the reflecting surfaces is configured to be able to change its inclination angle with respect to the incident optical axis. (3) The objective optical system has one common objective lens system and an optical axis parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens system, and has first and second intermediate images for forming first and second intermediate images. A binocular stereomicroscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the binocular stereomicroscope is comprised of an imaging lens system. (4) The objective optical system is the first optical system for forming the first intermediate image.
and a second objective lens system for forming a second intermediate image.
and an objective lens system, and the first and second objective lens systems are arranged so that their optical axes intersect with each other so as to have an angle ω.
Binocular stereo microscope described in section.