JPS60262193A - Automatic accompanying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment device that automatically changes an optimal accompaniment pattern according to key operation conditions.

[Prior art and its problems]

Conventionally, automatic accompaniment devices have been provided with a rhythm pattern selection switch so that various rhythms such as rock, bossa nova, samba, etc. can be automatically played. In that case,
This rhythm is one in which the same rhythm pattern is repeated, for example, with one period of two bars.

However, if the same pattern is repeated, the accompaniment becomes monotonous and becomes boring.

Therefore, even in the past, a variation switch was provided to insert a variation, or, for example, lock 11
There are two types of switches, one for rock ■, and when you turn on lock ■ for the same rock, 8-beat rock will be played.
Also, when rock ■ is turned on, 16-beat rock music is played.

However, if this is done, the number of switches will increase, the circuit will become complicated, and further problems will arise, such as making performance operations difficult.

[Purpose of the invention]

To provide an automatic accompaniment device that has a simple configuration, automatically changes various accompaniment patterns, keeps you bored, and allows easy performance operations.

[Key points of the invention]

Selecting one of the predetermined accompaniment patterns from data indicating the characteristics of the key operation state extracted based on the key press timing or key press speed signal within a preset predetermined period; The accompaniment pattern is automatically changed.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument capable of automatic rhythm accompaniment will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration. In the figure, 1 is a key Jl, which has, for example, 61 keys, and the output signal from each weight: 1'' is given to the key press detection circuit 2 to determine the key press operation state: That is,
The key press speed and pitch are detected respectively. And this circuit 2
A key code KYDT representing the pitch and data KYPR representing the key press speed are output from the key code KYDT.
is given to the musical tone forming circuit 3, and data KYPR is given to the musical tone forming circuit 3 and the feature extraction circuit 4.

The musical tone forming circuit 3 converts the musical tone of the operation key into the key code KYD.
'l' etc., and output the sound through the amplifier 5, speaker 6, etc.

On the other hand, the tempo oscillator 7 generates a tempo clock 1 month according to the set tempo, and supplies it to the tempo counter 8 for counting. And from this tempo counter 8, one measure is set to 0.
-47, for a total of 48 timings, and measure data Qb whose value changes from 0 to 3 and is cleared in units of 4 measures (that is, the value O is the 1st measure, 1.2... 3 indicates the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th measures, respectively, and returns to 0 to indicate a new 1st measure, and the same is repeated thereafter). and timing data C
8 is supplied to the feature quantity extraction circuit 4 and rhythm pattern memory 10, and measure data Cb is supplied to the feature quantity extraction circuit 4.

The feature extraction circuit 4 generates a signal CR when the power is turned on or when a rhythm start/stop switch (not shown) is turned on or off to reset the tempo counter 8, and also generates a signal CR to reset the tempo counter 8. , generates data X1 to X48 representing the result of dividing the sum of the number of keys pressed in the melody at the same timing by the total number of keys pressed during these four measures, with four measures as one division, and generates a pattern. It is given to the classification circuit 9.

In this embodiment, the pattern classification circuit 9 has a
, feature amounts a1~ for the two types of melodies shown in (B)
lL4b1~1)4g is stored in advance, and
The current key operation state is determined based on the data x1 to A pattern selection signal Pt specifying the pattern is given to the rhythm pattern memory 10.

In other words, the feature amount [Ll~&48.1), -b
4 means the rock rhythm in Figure 4 (A) or the 4th
It is data that characterizes the key operation state of each melody, that is, the melody that corresponds to the rhythm of the rock ballad in Figure (B). For example, each ↑ data Xl to X48 is statistically calculated for the melody that is suitable for the rock rhythm. The data obtained by processing are the feature amounts a1 to 41, which are preset in the pattern classification circuit 9.The pattern classification circuit 9 then processes the feature amounts a, to &46,
b.

~b, i and data Xi ~X4m are used to calculate the following equations (1) and (2) for each turn, and the above-mentioned no-turn selection signal pt is output.

da-(X, -[Ll)! +(x, -FL2y+・
...+(X411 ass)! ,...(1)db=(
X, -'bge+(x2-bl)"+...+(x48
b4+1)”...(2) Then, among the data da and db (data representing distance) obtained in this way, the one with the smaller value (the one with the shorter distance) is the one that is more similar to the one The pattern selection signal pt is generated which specifies one of the following songs: ``Single Song'', ``Rock Ballad'', and ``Rock Ballad''.

The rhythm pattern memory 10 stores a large number of rhythm pattern data including the rock and rock ballads described above as well as other rhythms selected by the rhythm selection switch 11. Rhythm pattern data corresponding to the selection signal pt is read out and supplied to the rhythm sound source circuit 12.

The rhythm sound source circuit 12 includes a plurality of rhythm sound sources, and the rhythm sound sources are driven according to the rhythm pattern data to create rhythm sounds, which are emitted through the amplifier 5 and the speaker 6.

Next, the specific configuration of the feature quantity extraction circuit 4 will be explained with reference to FIG. The control device 15 receives the data KYPR, measure data ObN, and timing data C0, and has a control program for causing the calculation unit 16 to calculate and output feature amount data X, ~x48 for every four measures based on this. remembered. In this case, the data storage unit 17 is provided with 48 counters SKE\, which are provided for each of the 48 timings within one measure, and which are incremented by 1 when a key is pressed 11° at that timing. Further, the register group 18 is provided with a counter (2) for sequentially specifying each timing, and a counter (total) for counting the total number of keys pressed within four measures. The control device 15 also generates a signal OR when the power is turned on.

Next, the operation will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. In this embodiment, for the sake of simplicity, the lock shown in FIG. 4(A) or the lock shown in FIG.
It is assumed that one of the two types of rock ballad rhythms shown in B) is automatically switched depending on the content of the melody and is automatically played. And Figure 4 (A)
, (B), the pattern classification circuit 9 has the following information:
Specifically, the feature quantities al~a with content as shown in FIG.
4g, b, to b4+1 are preset.

Therefore, let us now assume that the 41st M(A) melody is played manually using keyboard 1. Note that the rhythm selection switch 11 is set to lock.

Then, when the performance starts, the output of each weight is given to the key press detection circuit 2, and the key code KYDT and key press speed data KY
PR occurs. Key code KYDT, data KYPR
are both applied to the musical tone forming circuit 3 to create the musical tone, which is emitted via the amplifier 5 and speaker 6. Further, the data KYPR is given to the feature quantity extraction circuit 4, and the timing data C8 from the tempo counter 8 and the measure data Cb
Therefore, data X indicating the characteristics of the melody in FIG. 4(A)
1 to X48 (to be described later, the data will be as shown in FIG. 5) are calculated and provided to the pattern classification circuit 9 every four measures.

In the pattern classification circuit 9, the sent data
48 and internally preset data (feature i
) a1~'4a, b, ~b4. From (1) above,
Calculate each equation in (2), and in this case da(db
Then, a pattern selection signal Pt specifying lock is applied to the rhythm pattern memory 10. Therefore memory 10
Then, the rock rhythm pattern data is successively read out, and the rhythm sound source circuit 12 is driven to emit the automatic rock rhythm sound following the manually played melody sound.

Next, the specific operation of the feature extracting circuit 4 will be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In this flowchart, data X, to X4g are calculated using four measures as one unit for the reason already mentioned.

Therefore, when the first bar starts, the control device 15 in the feature extracting circuit 4 generates the signal OR of the "IH" level through the process of step SI, and resets the tempo counter 8. Therefore, the timing data C6, the bar data ab
Both become "0".

Next, in step S, the four
Counters 5KEY for each of the eight timings are all cleared. Then, in step Ss, the counter ■ in the register group 18 is also cleared, and this measure, that is,
The first timing of the first measure is set.

Next, in step S4, it is determined whether the timing data C8 and each value of the counter I match or not. It is determined whether or not a new input has been made. In this case, steps S B %84, Ss, . . . are repeated until the key of the first tone (pitch A,) of the melody is operated at the start of the performance. When operated, the process goes to step S6, and the counter 5KEY(0) at the first timing is incremented by 1 and becomes "1".

This is because the first musical tone is a musical tone that should be sounded at a timing corresponding to the first timing obtained by dividing the first measure into 48 timings.

Next, the counter total in the register group 18 is incremented by 1 and becomes "1". This counter indicates the total number of keys pressed within the four measures forming one unit. Then, the process returns to step s4. At this time, when the timing data c0 is incremented by 1 and becomes "1", that is, when the second timing is indicated, there is a mismatch, and the process proceeds to step S8, where the counter I is incremented and becomes the second timing value of "l". Then, the value is “4” indicating the end of one measure.
8", and although it is not: 1□', the process returns to step s4.

In this step S4, since they match this time, step S4
The process advances to step ll, where it is determined whether or not there is a next key press operation. Since the tone length of the first musical tone is an eighth note, the next key press corresponds to the seventh timing. Therefore, the value of counter I is
Open until reaching 6J, steps S4, S6, S4, S
8, S9, S4, Sl,... are repeated, and during this time, the value of the counter ■ changes from "1" to 1, "2", "3",...
It increases by 1 to "6".

Next, the counter l becomes "6" and the second musical tone (pitch E,)
When turned on, steps S@, Sa, and S7 are executed, and the counter 8KFiY (6
) is increased by +1 to become Il, and the counter tota,
/ is also +1 and becomes r2J. Then, the process returns to step S, and until the third musical tone (F4) is turned on at the 13th timing,
@, So, S4.5I11, . . . are repeated, and the counter I is incremented by 1 until it reaches "12".

Next, when the thirteenth timing comes, steps 84 to 8
．． As a result of the processing, the counter 5K at this 13th timing
The value of EY(12) is increased by +1 to become "1". Further, the counter tota7 is also incremented by 1 and becomes "3". Then, return to step S. So this person's pattern melody 1
In the measure, there are no keys that are turned on after that, so the next two keys are turned on.
Until the measure starts, steps S3 to S, ,
By each process of S6 and S9, the value of the counter ■ is simply increased by 1.
The number increases one by one until "48".

When it becomes "48", it is determined in step s9, and the process proceeds to steps S and O, where it is determined whether or not the IJs clause data co is "0". At this time, measure data C8 is incremented by 1 and becomes data "1" representing the second measure.
Therefore, the process returns to step S and the counter ■ is cleared.

The processing for the subsequent 2 to 4 bars of the melody is exactly the same as that for the first bar described above. Then, as each measure is processed, a counter 5KEY corresponding to the operation timing of each musical tone is set.
is incremented by 1 each time it is turned on, and the counter tota7
is incremented by 1 for every 6 keys turned on, and the total number of keys within 4 measures or 1 unit is counted. Then, at the 47th timing at the end of the 4th bar, the counter I becomes "48" and the process proceeds from step S9 to 810, and just before this, the bar data C
0 is cleared and becomes "0", indicating the next 4 measures or 1 unit, so proceed from step SIO to SX and collect data X1 to X48 at each timing of 1 to 48.
The corresponding counter SKE Y (x) (x=1
-48) by the value of the counter tota, / (in the present example, the total number of keys is 19), as shown in FIG. 5, and then sent to the pattern classification circuit 9.

Therefore, the pattern classification circuit 9 executes the calculations of equations (1) and (2) above from the input data X1 to "48" and the preset data "I-84g)b, to b4s. In this case, da=0°030, ab
=0.093, eL a (d b), and as a result, a pattern selection signal Pt specifying a rock rhythm pattern is generated and supplied to the rhythm pattern memory 10.

On the other hand, when playing the melody shown in FIG. 4(B), since a&==0.117 and db=o-076, d
a>db, and as a result, a rock ballad is automatically selected as the automatic rhythm accompaniment.

The operation related to FIG. 3 in this case is the same as in the case of pattern A.

For the song shown in Figure 4 on the drum, as explained from the beginning of the song, the rhythm should be locked in pattern A beforehand by setting the rhythm selection switch 1.
1 was selected, but in the middle of the song, the song was selected in the 4th step.
When the melody is switched to the one shown in Figure (B), the rhythm is automatically changed to the B-pattern rock ballad by the above-mentioned calculation.

Of course, if the melody is switched to the melody shown in FIG. 4(A) in the middle of the B pattern, the rhythm (lock) of the A pattern is automatically changed.

In the above embodiment, the content of the automatic rhythm accompaniment was changed by determining the key operation state at that time from the key press timing, but the rhythm accompaniment could also be changed by determining the key operation state at that time from the key press speed. It's okay.

・(・、あ、や4ffl(A)、。、。62、E-2゜7p Day The numerical value shown below the musical tone is, for example, the maximum value "10
It shows the key pressing speed value when the value is 0.

Then, as described above, the average key pressing speed value may be calculated for each of the 48 timings, with 4 bars as one unit, and the data X1 to X4a may be output.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, there are two selectable rhythm patterns.
Of course, there may be three or more types.

Furthermore, the distance calculation was performed as Euclidean distance, but
Mahalanobis distance, product moment correlation coefficient, and others may be used.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the pattern classification is configured in one stage.
Pattern classification was performed using only the calculations (calculations of equations (1) and (2)), but multiple pattern classifications are connected in cascade, and for example, in the first stage, major classifications such as rock, swing, and reggae are performed. , in the second stage, the timing is classified into 8-beat, 1-116-beat, triplet, etc., and in the third stage, it is classified into normal and syncopation patterns, so that the optimal pattern can be gradually selected. good.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the present invention can generate a predetermined accompaniment pattern from data indicating the characteristics of the key operation state extracted based on the key press timing or key press speed signal within a preset predetermined period. Since this is an automatic accompaniment device that selects one of the accompaniment patterns and automatically changes the accompaniment pattern, there is no need to provide many rhythm selection switches, and the accompaniment pattern can be changed automatically according to changes in the music to be performed. The rhythm accompaniment etc. are automatically switched, so a natural performance effect can be obtained, and there is also the advantage that the structure of the mechanism and circuit and the performance operation are simple.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of the feature extraction circuit 4, FIG. 3 is a flowchart explaining the operation, and FIGS. ) is a musical score showing two types of melodies and their rhythm patterns, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of data X1 to X4I, and FIG. 6 is a data content showing an example of feature quantities a1 to a44, b, to b411. It is a diagram. 1...Keyboard, 2...Key press detection circuit, 3
...Musical sound formation circuit, 4...Feature amount extraction circuit, Amplifier, 6...Speaker,
7... Tempo oscillator, 8... Tempo counter, 9... Pattern classification circuit, 10...
... Rhythm pattern memory, 11 ... Rhythm selection switch, 12 ... Rhythm sound source circuit, Engineering 5
...Control device, 16...Arithmetic unit, 17
. . . Data storage section, 18 . . . Register group. Patent applicant Casio Computer Co., Ltd.'T! -11

Claims (1)

[Claims] an extraction means for extracting characteristic data indicating characteristics of a key operation state based on a key press timing signal or a key press speed signal within a preset period; It has a pattern selection means for selecting an optimal accompaniment pattern from among the accompaniment patterns, and a musical tone creation means for creating an accompaniment sound based on the accompaniment pattern selected by the pattern selection means, and automatically according to the key operation state. An automatic accompaniment device characterized by changing an accompaniment pattern.