JPS6022883B2 - Light source irradiation method for electric cultivation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to mist cultivation in which crops in a greenhouse are suppressed or stimulated by electric light to ensure proper harvesting, and in particular relates to a method of irradiating with a light source for mist. In greenhouses such as plastic greenhouses, short-day plants such as autumn chrysanthemums are irradiated with an electric light source using incandescent lights for a certain period of time to suppress flower bud differentiation, delay the flowering period, and harvest at a time suitable for shipping (hereinafter referred to as "appropriate harvesting"). ) So-called electric cultivation has become popular.

For example, as shown in FIG.
They are hung at a rate of about one in each city, and are turned on for about two hours every night from around late August, illuminating Autumn Chrysanthemum 103 with an illuminance of about 20 lux per light to compensate for the daylength for about 40 days. This is a cultivation method that suppresses flower bud differentiation and allows the flowers to bloom in time for shipping at the end of the year. In this case, the light source irradiation method is to hang a number of 100W incandescent lights inside the greenhouse and turn them on for a certain period of time (for example, about 2 hours) to irradiate the greenhouse, as described above. 500-10
Farmers who are cultivating on a scale of 10,000 yen have to install 150 to 30 q of 100 W incandescent lights for military cultivation, and the capacity for large-scale lighting contracts is 15 to 30 KW, making them expensive contracts. I have a problem that I have to do it. Moreover, since the number of electric lights is large (150 to 30), there is a disadvantage that it takes a lot of effort to check for broken lamps (so-called bulb breakage checks), and if you ignore a broken electric light, The problem arises that autumn chrysanthemums in the area irradiated by the electric light cannot sufficiently suppress flower bud differentiation and bloom before the appropriate period. Additionally, in areas where there are a large number of farms with a size of 500 to 1,000 square meters per household, there is a possibility that ``power peaks may occur only at specific times.''
This poses a big problem for the power supply union, which has to install a peak substation for electrolytic cultivation. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and its purpose is to dramatically reduce the contracted capacity of electric lights for farmers, and to avoid power peaks for power suppliers. The aim is to provide a method that An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

1 is a so-called greenhouse, which is constructed in the form of a tunnel and covered with vinyl. Generally, the greenhouse 1 has a size of about 160 pillows. 2
is a guide rail made of a metal pipe and is installed at the upper part of the greenhouse 1 so as to extend in the depth direction (longitudinal direction) of the greenhouse 1.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a rail commonly called a curtain rail, which is equipped with a plurality of sliders 3a that can be moved freely, and is attached to the lower side of the guide rail 2 via a collar 4 with a screw or the like at a fixed interval to guide the guide. It is provided in parallel with the rail 2 for use.

Reference numeral 5 designates strip-shaped supporting metal fittings, which are installed in multiple pieces at intervals on the frame of the ceiling of the greenhouse 1, then bent into an L-shape at the hanging end and used as the guide rail 2. 3, the guide rail 2 and the rule 3 are suspended and supported together with a collar 4.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a light source device for illumination that runs along the guide rail 2, and will be described below.

Reference numeral 7 designates a plate-shaped support plate, the upper end of which is bent into an inverted U shape, and a pulley 8, which has a semicircular groove similar to the guide rail 2 above, is attached to the support shaft between the bent pieces. Bearing 9 penetrated through 8a
A chain wheel 10 is attached to one end of a support shaft 8a of this pulley 8, and the pulley 8 rotates in cooperation with this chain wheel 10.

Further, a motor mounting plate 11 is provided horizontally at the lower end of this support plate 7, and a reversible motor 12 is mounted and mounted on this, and the rotating shaft 12a of this motor 2 is mounted on the above-mentioned support shaft 8a. The chain wheel 1 is made to protrude in the same direction as the chain wheel 10, and the chain wheel 1 is attached to this protruding end.
3 is attached, and a chain 14 is wound around the chain wheels 13 and 10 to drive and connect the rotating shaft 12a of the motor 12 and the pulley 8. Reference numeral 15 denotes a light source support plate in the form of a strip made of electrically insulating material, the longitudinal direction of which is arranged perpendicular to the guide rail 2, and a nut 16a is attached to a hanging port 16 extending from the motor mounting plate 11 in the center thereof. A socket 17 is attached to the lower surface of both ends, and a light source 18 for illumination consisting of an incandescent lamp is detachably attached to the socket 17.

Then, power is supplied to the motor 12 and the light source 18 from a power cord 2 connected to a power supply device 19 provided in the greenhouse 1. The suspension rings provided on the sliders 3a, 3a, . There is a limit switch 2 consisting of a micro switch etc.
1 and 22 respectively, and this limit switch 21
, 22 are provided at both ends of the guide rail 2 in the extending direction, and when the light source device 6 travels and the limit switch 21 (or 22) collides with the stopper 23 (or 24), a contact point is formed. When opened, the rotation of motor 2 is reversed. Further, pulleys 25 and 26 having semicircular grooves between the bent pieces of the inverted U shape at the upper end of the support plate 7 are inserted through the pulley 8 into semicircular grooves on the left and right sides in FIG. The grooves of the pulleys 8, 25, and 26 are arranged so that they are in a straight line with the grooves of the pulley 8, and are rotatably mounted. 12 is activated, it is rotated via chain wheels 13 and 10, and the light source device 6 is made to run along the guide rail 2 (so-called self-propelled). 27 is crops such as autumn chrysanthemums.

Note that the power supply device 19 has an AC power source (not shown) at the input end.
For example, ACIOOV) is connected and equipped with a timer for two specific intervals.When a predetermined time (for example, 21:00) is reached every day by turning on an input switch (not shown), the contacts of the timer are closed and a power switch (not shown) is turned on. 2, the illumination light source 18 is turned on, and when the timer has elapsed for a certain period of time (for example, 6 hours, that is, 3 o'clock the next day), the power switch is turned off by the contact of the timer, which opens, and the motor 12 is driven. At the same time, the illumination light source 18 is turned off. Next crop 27
A method of irradiating a light source with an illumination light source will be explained.

For convenience, the rotation of the motor 2 will be described with clockwise rotation as normal rotation and counterclockwise rotation as reverse rotation in FIG. 2. Assuming that the timer (not shown) of the power supply device 19 is set so that the contacts close at 21:00 and the contacts close at t3, when the input switch (not shown) is turned on,
When the time comes, the contacts of the timer are closed, a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the motor 12 of the light source device 6 is activated, and the exposure light source 18 is turned on. If the rotation of the activated motor 12 is positive rotation at this time, the light source device 6 travels along the guide rail 2 in the direction of the arrow FI, and as a result, the light source 18 for military illumination also moves and illuminates the crops 27 with, for example, 2
Irradiates radially at approximately 0 lux. Then, the light source device 6 moves to one end (the end in the FI direction) of the guide rail 2, and the limit switch 22 moves to the stopper 24.
When it collides with , the contacts are closed and the rotation of the motor 12 is reversed. Therefore, contrary to the above, the light source device 6 travels along the guide rail 2 in the direction of arrow F2, and the light source 18 for illumination
The crop 27 is irradiated in a radial manner in the same manner as described above. This reciprocating movement of the light source device 6 continues until a timer (not shown) of the power supply device 19 reaches a predetermined time (3 o'clock in this example) and the timer contact closes. Crops that have received this moving irradiation sense the light and cause a photoperiod response, and if the crop 27 is, for example, an autumn chrysanthemum, flower bud differentiation is suppressed and the flowering period is delayed. At this time, the moving speed of the light source device 6 may be set so that moving irradiation equivalent to the illumination intensity and irradiation time of a large number of conventional suspended and fixed light sources is performed during the irradiation time of 6 hours. For example, it is possible to set the integral value of the illumination intensity and irradiation time of a fixed light source on the specified crop so that the integral value of the illuminance and irradiation time of a moving light source is the same. Furthermore, the moving speed of this electric light source varies depending on the type of crop 27, the purpose of exposure for suppression or promotion, the illuminance and irradiation range of the light source, the irradiation time for the crop 27, etc., so select the degree of illumination for each. Bye. For example, when suppressing flower bud differentiation of autumn chrysanthemums by military lighting, 100W is applied in the greenhouse.
The illuminance was set to 2 by a light source with 13 fixed incandescent lamps suspended.
0 Lux If the irradiation range is 4 skins and the irradiation time is 2 hours, a light source equipped with two 100W incandescent lamps will have an illuminance of 20 lux, an irradiation area of 4 skins, an irradiation time of 6 hours, and a moving speed. The inventor has confirmed that even when moving irradiation is performed at a speed of 18 m/min, the same photoperiod response can be obtained and flower bud differentiation can be controlled. The moving irradiation also changes the direction of the neck toward the crop 27, and the lightning light source 18 irradiates every corner of the crop 27 to compensate for the day length and suppress flower bud differentiation of the crop 27. At this time, even if the power cord 20 has a sufficient length for the traveling distance of the light source device 6, the power cord 20 is hooked onto the plurality of sliders 3a of the rail 3 at multiple points, so the power cord 20 is attached to the crops 27. The power cord 20 is extended by sliding the slider 3a in the moving direction following the movement of the light source device 6 without catching the light source device 6.In the above embodiment, the guide rail 2 is 1 is installed in a straight line in the depth direction (longitudinal direction) and the light source device 6 is moved back and forth in a straight line. Needless to say, it is also applicable to a device in which the light source device is run along the same line for a certain period of time and the light source for long lighting is used for moving illumination.

According to the present invention, the light source for flea illumination consisting of one or two electric lamps irradiates the crops in a radial manner while moving them, so unlike the conventional method, a large number of light sources are hung and fixed for illumination. Compared to conventional products, the irradiation direction can be varied and irradiated to every corner of the crop.This makes it possible to uniformize the illuminance to the crops, and even out the photoperiod response that occurs in the crops, thereby increasing the results of harvesting at the right time. It can be improved further.

In addition, since the number of light sources is reduced during flowering, it is easier to check for broken lights, which saves time and effort in terms of maintenance. It is possible to solve the problems such as overheating and produce fruits at the right time.Furthermore, because the number of lights is significantly reduced, electric lighting contracts can be made even cheaper, reducing and rationalizing the cost of cultivating turtles. In addition, as for the method of moving irradiation, the light source device has a self-propelled structure, so a guide rail is built in a shape that allows the crop to be irradiated, and the silkworms follow the guide rail. The illumination light source can be moved.Moreover, even if the light source device has a structure that moves around,
The power cord is supported by being chained at multiple points to sliders that are slidably provided on a rail installed in parallel with the guide rail, and is designed to extend as the light source device moves. , moving irradiation can be carried out smoothly without disturbing or damaging the crops. In addition, since the electric light source is suspended from the bottom of the support plate so as to radiate the light downward, there is no need for components such as reflective shades or reflectors to illuminate the crops. The device can be simplified and manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, since the light source for illumination has a small number of lamps and is designed to irradiate for a longer period of time than before, peaks can be shifted and power peaks can be avoided even in areas where there are a large number of farmers cultivating by exposure. is possible,
Unlike in the past, there is no need to provide a peak substation for box-turning cultivation, and this has the remarkable effect of saving labor and streamlining power on the power supply side.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional method, FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of main parts showing the configuration of the light source device of FIG. 2. 1: Greenhouse, 2: Guide rail, 6: Light source device, 7: Support plate, 8: Pulley, 12: Motor, 18: Light source for electric lighting, 27: Crops. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A pulley is rotatably supported on the upper part of the support plate on a guide rail installed at the upper part of the greenhouse, a motor is attached to the lower part of the support plate, and the light source is suspended so that it irradiates downward. A light source device, which is supported below and includes a rotating shaft of the motor and the pulley, is suspended via the pulley, and a 24-hour timer is provided to supply power to the motor of the light source device and the illumination light source. A power cord connected from a power supply device is connected to the light source device, and the power cord is hooked to each of the sliders of a rail that is arranged in parallel with the guide rail and is provided with a plurality of sliders so as to be freely slidable. power is supplied to the motor and the illumination light source at a predetermined time every day to make the light source device run by itself along the guide rail for a certain period of time, and the illumination light source is moved radially to the crops. A light source irradiation method for light cultivation in which irradiation compensates for the day length of crops and aims for timely harvest.