JPS5863330A - Light source irradiation method in illumination cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to light cultivation in which the growth of crops in a greenhouse is suppressed or promoted by electric light to achieve a timely harvest, and particularly relates to a method for illuminating a light source for electric light.

Recently, short-day plants such as autumn chrysanthemums are irradiated with incandescent electric light sources for a certain period of time in greenhouses such as plastic greenhouses to suppress flower bud differentiation, delay the flowering period, and harvest at a time suitable for shipping (hereinafter referred to as "appropriate time"). So-called electric cultivation (harvesting) has become popular. For example, as shown in Fig.
I hung 0W incandescent lamps 102 at a rate of about 1 per 07Ff2, and turned them on for about 2 hours every day from the end of the month of G, and the autumn chrysanthemum 10 was lit at an illuminance of about 201V Tx.
This is a cultivation method in which the flower bud differentiation is suppressed by irradiating the plants for about 3 to 3 days to compensate for the day length by about 3 to 3 days, and the flowering is made to bloom in time for shipping at the end of the year. In this case, the light source irradiation method is to hang a large number of /0 OVI incandescent lamps in the greenhouse and turn them on for a certain period of time (for example, about 2 hours) to irradiate the greenhouse, as described above. Farmers who cultivate on a scale of 50-000 tsubo per plant use 10OW for cultivation under electric light.
130 to 300 incandescent electric lights must be installed,
The problem is that the capacity of a large-scale electric lighting contract is 100 kW to 30 kW, which means that a relatively expensive contract must be made. Moreover, since there are a large number of electric lights (750 to 300), there is a disadvantage that it takes a lot of effort to check for broken lamps (so-called broken bulb checks). The problem arises that autumn chrysanthemums in areas that are irradiated by electric lights cannot sufficiently suppress flower bud differentiation and bloom before the appropriate period. In addition, in areas where there are a large number of farms, each with a size of 300 to 1,000 tsubo, power peaks occur only at certain times, so peak substations are installed for use in solar cultivation. This poses a big problem for the power supply side as well.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to significantly reduce the contracted capacity of electric lights for farmers and to avoid power peaks for the power supply side. The goal is to provide a rational method for achieving this goal.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

1 is a so-called greenhouse, which is constructed in the form of a tunnel and covered with vinyl. Generally speaking, the size of the greenhouse 1 is about /t Om2. Reference numeral 2 denotes a guide shaft made of a metal pipe, which is installed at the upper part of the greenhouse so as to extend in the depth direction (longitudinal direction) of the greenhouse. Reference numeral 3 denotes a rail commonly called a curtain rail, which is equipped with a plurality of slidable sliders 3a, which are installed on the underside of the guide rail 2 through collars and other screws at regular intervals. It is installed and used as a guide - it is provided in parallel with the luco. j is a band-shaped supporting metal fitting, which is attached to the frame of the ceiling of the greenhouse l at intervals and hung vertically, and the hanging end is bent into a 5-shape to serve as the guide mentioned above. It is inserted between rv3 and is integrally installed with collar t to suspend and support guide rail 2 and rail/I/3.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a light source device for illumination that runs along the guide line -tv2t, and this will be explained. 7 is a plate-shaped support plate, the upper end of which is bent into an inverted U shape, and between this bent piece is attached a pulley l, which is used as a guide and has the same semicircular groove as I/2 around it. The support shaft fa is rotatably supported via a bearing D passed through it, and a chain wheel IO is attached to one end of the support shaft RA of this IJ-J. It is supposed to be done. Further, a motor mounting plate // is provided horizontally at the lower end of this support plate 7, and the reversible motor 12 is mounted and mounted on this plate.
The axis of rotation 7.2! Chain wheel I with L attached to the above spindle
O is made to protrude in the same direction as O, and a Chessie wheel 13 is installed on this protruding end, and the chain wheel 13 is wound around the chain wheels 3 and 10 to drive and connect the rotating shaft t2a of the motor 12 and the pulley J. ing. IS is a band-shaped light source support plate made of electrically insulating material, and its longitudinal direction is used as a guide. It is attached and suspended from a nut/Aa), and a socket/7 is attached to the lower surface of both ends, and a light source/r for illumination consisting of an incandescent lamp is removably attached to the socket. Power is supplied to the motor 12 and the illumination light source 1g by a power cord 20 connected to a power source installed in the greenhouse 1. The power cord 20 above is the slider 3a* of the rail 3.
It was hung on a hanging ring set up on 3tv...
The light source device is designed to be able to extend by following the movement of the light source device. Additionally, limit switches 2/, 22 consisting of Nihamike O switches, etc. are installed at both ends of the support plate 7 in the direction of movement, and the limit switches 4-2/, 22 are attached to both ends of the guide rail 2 in the direction of extension in correspondence with the limit switches 4-2/, 22, respectively. Stoppers 23 and J9 are provided, respectively, so that when the light source device 6 runs and the limit switch 2/(or 22) collides with the stopper 23 (or 24<), the contacts open and the rotation of the motor 12 is reversed. It has become. Also, a semicircular groove is provided between the inverted U-shaped bent pieces at the upper end of the support plate 7! J-, 2j, 24. Through the above pulley L, install the rotatable lever by arranging it so that the semicircular grooves on the left and right are in line with the grooves of pulley L (V) in Fig. 2,
These boos U-r are placed on the guide rail 2.

The light source device 6 is suspended by fitting the grooves 2j and 26, and the pulley l is rotated via the check wheel 7/3° IO by starting the motor 12, and the light source device 6 is used as a guide to travel along the luco. It looks like this.

The core is crops such as autumn chrysanthemums. The above power supply device 1 has an AC power source (for example, AC 0OV) connected to its input terminal, and is equipped with a 2-day timer, which is activated every day at a predetermined time (for example, 21:00) by turning on an input switch (not shown). , close the contacts of the timer and turn on the power switch (not shown) to start the motor 12 and turn on the illumination light source lr, and when the timer has elapsed for a certain period of time (for example, 6 hours, that is, 3 o'clock the next day) The power switch is cut off by opening the timer contact to stop driving the motor 2 and turn off the illumination light source IT.

Next, a method of irradiating the crop 27M with the electric light source will be explained. For convenience, the rotation of the motor 12 will be described with clockwise rotation as normal rotation and counterclockwise rotation in FIG. 112 as reverse rotation. Now, suppose that the timer (not shown) of the power supply unit is set so that its contacts are closed at 21:00 and the contacts are closed at 3:00.As a result of turning on the input switch (not shown), the timer 0 contact will be closed at 27:00. Then, a power switch (not shown) is turned on, and the motor 12 of the light source device 6 is activated, and the illumination light source /lr is turned on. If the rotation of the activated motor 12 is forward rotation at this time, the light source attachment 6 travels along the guide line in the direction of the arrow F1, and as a result, the illumination light source 11 is also moved and illuminates the crop 27, for example, 20 Illuminate with an illumination intensity similar to that of Lux. The light source device 6 is located at one end of the guide rail 2 (
Move to the end in the F1 direction) and limit! Switch 22
When the contact point contacts the stopper 217, the contact is opened and the rotation of the motor 12 is reversed. Therefore, contrary to the above, the light source device 6 travels in the direction of the arrow F2 along the guide line -tv2, and moves and illuminates the crops 27h with the illumination light source /lr. This reciprocating movement of the light source device B continues until a timer (not shown) of the electric device I reaches a predetermined time (3 o'clock in this example) and the timer contact opens. Crops that receive this moving irradiation sense the light and cause a photoperiod response, and if the crop 27 is, for example, an autumn chrysanthemum, flower bud differentiation is suppressed and the flowering period is delayed.

At this time, the moving speed of the light source device B may be set so that moving irradiation equivalent to the illuminance and irradiation time of a conventional fixed light source is performed during an irradiation time of, for example, 6 hours. The integral value of the illuminance and irradiation time by a light source fixed on the crop may be set to be equal to the integral value of the illuminance and irradiation time by a moving light source. In addition, the moving speed of this illumination light source varies depending on the type of crop 27, the purpose of electric illumination for suppression or promotion, the illumination intensity and irradiation range of the light source, the irradiation time for the crop core, etc., so select a speed suitable for each. do it. For example, when suppressing flower bud differentiation of Autumn chrysanthemums by lighting them with electricity, use a light source with 3 low-low incandescent lamps suspended and fixed in the greenhouse at an illuminance of 20 lux, an irradiation range of +m, and an irradiation time of 2 hours. If the light source device is equipped with two 100W incandescent lamps, the illuminance is COlux, the irradiation range is 'I m e, the irradiation time is 6 hours, and the moving speed is '/'. The inventor has confirmed that a reaction was obtained and flower bud incorporation could be suppressed. By the above-mentioned moving irradiation, the irradiation direction on the crops 27 is also varied, and the illumination light source I
I irradiates all 27 corners of the crop.

In the above embodiment, it has been explained that the guide rails are installed linearly in the depth direction (longitudinal direction) of the greenhouse to allow the light source device 6 to reciprocate linearly. It should be noted that it can be applied even if a so-called endless shape such as a circular shape is constructed and the light source device is run along this guide rail t for a certain period of time, and the light source for illumination is moved and irradiated from there. Not even.

According to the present invention, the illumination light source consisting of one or two electric lamps irradiates the crops while moving, compared to the conventional method in which the crop is irradiated with a fixed light source. The irradiation direction can be varied and irradiated to every corner of the crop, which makes it possible to uniformize the illuminance to the crops and even out the photoperiod response that occurs in the crops, thereby significantly improving the results of timely harvesting. You can force it. In addition, since the number of light sources is greatly reduced, it is easier to check for broken lights, which saves time and effort in terms of maintenance. It is possible to solve problems such as harvesting and produce fruits at the right time.

Furthermore, due to the drastic reduction in the number of lights, electric light contracts can be made even cheaper, reducing the costs of electric cultivation and streamlining it. In addition, as for the method of mobile irradiation, the light source device has a self-propelled structure, so a guide rail is constructed in a shape suitable for irradiating the crops, and the light source for electric lighting is moved along this guide rail. You can force it.

Furthermore, since the light source for electric lighting has a small number of lamps and has a single lamp that moves and irradiates for a longer time than conventional methods, peak shifts can be achieved even in areas where there are a large number of farmers cultivating by electric light, avoiding peak power consumption. This eliminates the need to set up a peak substation for electric cultivation, which was the case in the past, and has the remarkable effect of saving labor and streamlining the electricity supply side.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional method, Figure 2 is a side sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of main parts showing the configuration of the light source device in Figure 12. Warmhouse
-Ni-guide rail B: Light source device 7: Support plate lr: Pulley 12: Motor/lr: Light source for lighting 27: Crop No. 1* 03 Fig. 3 (Fig.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A pulley is rotatably supported on the upper part of the support plate on a guide rail installed at the upper part of the greenhouse, a motor is attached to the lower part, and two sources of light for electric lighting are suspended and supported. A light source device formed by drivingly connected to a pulley is suspended via the pulley, and power is supplied to a motor and a light source for illumination at a predetermined time every day to guide the light source device for a certain period of time.
A light source irradiation method for electric cultivation in which a light source for electric lighting is moved along a V and irradiated onto crops.