JPS60214156A - Picture processor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the quality required for reproduction an intermediate tone by making the processor accessible to rewrite a memory in which a data for the intermediate tone expression is stored. CONSTITUTION:An analog signal from a CCD900 (900-1, 900-2) is converted into a digital signal. On the other hand, a standard white board is lighted before the start of copy and its digital data is written in a memory 904 (904-1, 904- 2). In starting the copy, a data in the memory 904 and a present picture data are multiplied so as to correct the shading. In a dither memory 907 (907-1A- 907-2B) for the expression of the intermediate tone, 16 kinds of weight codes are assigned, then a different weight code is outputted by using a main scanning counter 908 (908-1, 908-2) in 2-bit and a sub-scanning counter so as to address the dither memory 907. Since the reproduction of a half tone picture is changed through the combination of the weighting code, the picture of density based on the set data is obtained.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus or system such as a copying machine or a facsimile machine. Conventionally, in a copying machine (hereinafter referred to as a digital copying machine) that reads an original image with a photoelectric conversion element (such as a CCD), converts the signal into a digital signal, and forms an image on a printer, the 2@ expression is used. This is a common method that determines whether a read pixel is white or black at a threshold level and reproduces it as a black or white point on a printer. This method uses medium-level densities (for example, gray).
will be white or black, and if you copy an image with many intermediate tones like a photograph, the image quality will be hard, that is, the reproduction will be different from the actual photograph. Dithering techniques have been used as one means to solve this problem. The dither method attempts to reproduce halftones in a certain area by the number of dots reproduced within that area. However, this is effective for images with many intermediate tones, such as silver halide photographs. If you increase the gradation expression (for example, 64
If you try to express the gradation, you will need an area of 8 dots, and if you want to express the gradation, you will need an area of 4 x 4 dots). The picture looks rough [2-Meet. Furthermore, when the gradation level is reduced, the reproducibility of fine lines deteriorates. Therefore, when characters are mixed together, it is difficult to improve the reproduction of the characters (2), and the reproduction of the midtones becomes poor, and the expressiveness of the midtones is improved (1).
If you do so, a contradictory phenomenon occurs in which the letters 1 and t'u deteriorate.
)Using CCD', take 1lIjf &'k reading)), convert it to Jukishin-kun, and do 1. automatic)
Setting the area outside the manuscript, fi'', -7-f, etc. in Nagino I- is 1,000't1. All proposals are made to compensate for the connection between bits based on the standard (~. Gravity occurs, and the gradation (a-
Unnaturalness occurs, that is, the Deidge method is 2 x 2
, 4 x 4, 8 x 8 Piton I area and one brightness gradation view/expression 1. , because there is Niutoshi-C,
- I/C next pattern while pattern 9 is finished and cheap
When it becomes (hauyo ffff9( is ff right, then C
) part (・The accurate gradation expression 42 cannot be performed, and the image 1 image is distorted. Also, conventionally, de Izano': turn f read onl,
II' memoge (ROM) permanently Nibatano 1-7
``[, its) - Read the data 1. Changes in the current 11 -
Yashizure. 1 Dither for the minor ’ (turn all colors) Zth j ratio ＼
- (r/If it is, it is the number of the pattern number It) It becomes necessary to store one column in RO, and (rT', it is the number of the pattern number).
+7) 6 amount increases. Also, 1 line k of read data
55 n:+"-〇Fake bipone R, OM that processes at high speed is required, so increasing the ROM' weighing platform will increase gravity, increase memory cost, and fr, O (therefore, ROM's maximum There was a small group of patterns that had to be stored in a low-limited VC sleep pattern.The present invention corrects the above-mentioned drawbacks @1-1. Improving quality/?-In the image margin processing device or system, and in the present invention, 1. The total height of freedom in halftone reproduction at low cost ν)
The present invention resides in a C image processing device or system, and the present invention resides in an image processing device or system that increases the gradation of medium IE 11 tones without impairing the resolution and resolution. This is an image processing device or system that makes it possible to enhance the expression of halftones and prevent deterioration of the simultaneous Vr-character J) reproducibility. In addition, in the present invention, for one pixel taken by m, it is combined with a dither pattern to convert it into 21 pixels, and if IQll is applied to this, it will be
By adding and outputting the J variable rA, it is possible to modulate the laser beam of the printer, resulting in 1.0...
It is designed to have a gradation similar to that of 5.0. In addition, the present invention'd,'FA section 1. The structure is such that it is possible to directly convert the number of records into one. Furthermore, the present invention provides accurate intermediate a-period representation k ``J' ffl:4 v= regardless of the connection of a plurality of original reading means.
Lp-Image processing device or system/). In addition, the present invention reduces the unnaturalness of the surface area (L, N IH-), and reads out gradation expression means such as dazame senri (-equal control ability Z) corresponding to the ridge part. The present invention also controls the setting of the initial value of the counter that uses the dither memory at 1/s1'. The system includes a 1III image processing device 4 which has been used. This device basically consists of two (7) J-nits: a reader A and a printer B. The reader and printer are mechanically and functionally separated. , which can be used independently (Z). Connections are made only with direct cables. Reader B has a The details will be described later. Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of the reader A and the printer B. The original is placed face down on the original glass 3, and its placement reference is on the back left side when viewed from the front. The original is pressed onto the original glass by the original cover 4.The original is illuminated by the fluorescent lamp 2, and the reflected light is transmitted to the CCD via the mirror 5.7 and lens 6f.
An optical path is formed to condense light onto the plane of I. The mirror 7 and the mirror 5 are arranged to move at a relative speed of 2:1. This optical unit moves from left to right at a constant speed while applying PLL'e by a DC servo motor. This moving speed is 1 for the outward path of irradiating the original.
80m/see and the return journey is 468mm/see. The resolution in this sub-scanning direction is 161 ines/■
It is. The document sizes that can be processed are A5 to A3, and the document placement direction is A5. B5. A4 is placed vertically, B4
．． A3 is placed horizontally. There are three return positions for the optical unit depending on the document size. The first point is A5. B5. The second point is at 220 mm from the document reference position for A4, the second point is at the same <364 mm for B4, and the third point is at the same <431.8 mm for A3. Next, regarding the main scanning direction, during main scanning, the maximum horizontal width of A4 paper is 297 cm depending on the orientation in which the document is placed. and,
In order to resolve this with i 6 pel/■, COD
Since 4752 (=297×16) bits are required as the number of bits, this device uses two 2628-bit CCD array sensors (two serially connected) and drives them in parallel (scans at the same time). Therefore, 161i
Under the conditions of nes/m and 180 m/Sec, the main scanning period (=COD accumulation time) is T=the transfer rate is f=”=-ηI”-=7.5691 [l
z and T 347.2μ(8). Next, referring to FIG. 2, an overview of the printer placed below the reader will be described. The image @ signal processed by the reader section and made into bit serial is input to the laser scanning optical system unit 25 of the printer. This unit consists of a semiconductor laser, a collimator lens, a rotating polygon mirror, an Fθ lens, and a tilt correction optical system. The image signal from the reader is applied to a semiconductor laser and undergoes electrical-to-optical conversion, and the diverging laser light is converted into parallel light by a collimator lens, and is irradiated onto a polyhedral mirror rotating at high speed, thereby scanning the laser light onto the photoreceptor 8. . The rotation speed of this polyhedral mirror is 2,600 rpm. The scanning distance is about 400+m, and the effective image is 297 square meters of A4 horizontal size. Therefore, the signal frequency applied to the semiconductor laser at this time is approximately 20 MIIz (at the time of three-value output). Laser light from this unit is incident on the photoreceptor 8 via the mirror 24. The photoreceptor 18 is made of, for example, three layers: a conductive layer, a photosensitive layer, and an insulating layer, or two layers: a conductive layer and a photosensitive layer such as amorphous silicon.
Consists of layers. Therefore, process components are arranged thereto which make it possible to form an image. 9 is a deletion unit, 10 is a pre-discharge lamp, 11 is a primary charger, 12 is a secondary charger, 13 is a front exposure lamp, 14 is a developer, 15
16 is a paper feed cassette, 16 is a paper feed roller, 17 is a paper feed guide, 18 is a registration roller, 19 is a transfer charger, 20 is a separation roller, 21 is a conveyance guide, 22 is a fixing device, and 23 is a tray. The speed of the photoreceptor 8 and the transport system is <180 w/see, which is the same as the forward movement speed of the reader. Therefore,
The speed when copying using a combination of reader and printer is A.
4 will result in 30 sheets/minute. Further, printers use a separating belt on the front side to separate the copy paper that is in close contact with the photosensitive drum, but because of this, the image of the belt is missing. If you add a signal to that amount, it will be a waste of money, and the toner will stain the separation belt, which will also stain subsequent sheets of paper. The video electrical signal of the printout is cut off for the 8th serving. Also, if toner adheres to the leading edge of the copy paper, when it is fixed, it will wrap around the fixing roller and cause a jam.
Figure 14-1.14-2 shows the main scanning direction of the reader and printer and the output image 1. Z). Leader hands from the back 12i1 full
2. The printer is running from the front side to the back side. The copying machine of this example has 1fii image editing stomach D intelligence, but this intelligence is on the reader side and COD
This is done by processing the signal taken one time, and output from the reader as 11. [Bamboo-C in any case,
Constant speed (13,8911) with constant number of bits (4752)
tlz) signal is output 1. The function of the intelligence is to enlarge/reduce the image to any magnification (in the range of 0, 5-"2.0 times), to a specific ∆ rate,
At the designated point 't'L', there is a trimming function for extracting an image only in a region, and a movement function for moving the trimmed image to an arbitrary location on the copy paper. In addition, there is a function to perform halftone processing at 32 gradations by specifying a key, and a composite function in which all of these individual indelible functions are combined. Next, let's talk about the functions of this example device.In addition to the single frz) copying function, this device also has a variable magnification function that allows arbitrary enlargement and reduction, and an original (F, H and F) copy function. Extract the peak part

[It has functions such as 1 function to automatically detect the size and position of the document, and automatically perform magnification and editing. Summary of the functions for manipulating original images] ~ Below, ``Image manipulation functions-1'' are called 1.Other f, connections, and!
Document 1 is sent to the printer of the communication control unit via nicat, ion ControlUnit.
It is possible to send 1fJl@Z)1, and it is also possible to receive manuscript images sent from other routers to a 5,000 yuan printer. This kind of function is called "image transfer function"
It is called. Furthermore, the above-mentioned selected functions can be arbitrarily registered in six preset keys. The registered contents can be specified arbitrarily by the user, and the contents are retained even when the power is turned off. This kind of function is called 1-guri-7-kit function-1. In addition, there is an automatic exposure function that removes the background of the original, and floor M for photos, etc.
1. There is a halftone processing function that outputs images with 'lI with good reproduction. The entire set is called the image quality processing function. To summarize as follows, there is a 5":) in the image operation function, which means 5°, that is, a variable magnification function, such as 100% magnification, fixed magnification (
size index), stepless magnification (magnification specified 50" 200)
), and xy variable magnification (independent variable magnification in the king and sub-scanning directions). There are 13 editing functions with 1 image reversal function, original image [elephant, negative/positive reversal side 1 image], and 1~ no editing, white masking, and black masking. January (~, the latter two i
d - XY magnification can be set to auto at will, and other magnification functions cannot be specified. White frame trimming, black frame trimming, and automatic document position detection are available. The world is here, the magnification is changed, the image is reversed! ! 4 movements, special variable magnification function is linked. The movement functions include no movement, destination specification, origin movement (cornering), and centering. ISpecial magnification functions include "No special magnification specification" and "Auto magnification 2XY Auto magnification." However, other scaling functions cannot be specified for the latter two buttons. The movement function and special magnification function are valid only when the editing function's white/black frame trimming and automatic document position detection are specified.
It becomes ζ. Also, some of the 1thi team transfer functions include local copy (
There are two types of copying: normal copying), transmission (transmitting the original image to another printer via the CCU), and receiving (transmitting the original image from another printer via the CCU). In addition, during the preset function, there are registration (stores in the preset key), read 1 ~ (reads the stored contents of the preset key), and reset (returns all functions to standard mode). Image quality processing functions include automatic exposure (AE) and intermediate processing. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the operating section A-1- in FIG. 1. This operation section is roughly divided into three blocks. The block on the right is the general-purpose key display section 100 seen in conventional central copying.
It is. The middle block is a function key display section 300 for the user to arbitrarily register fllJ works through a program and call up a friend copy transmission function. The block on the left is a software/key display section 200 for the user to arbitrarily create copying/transmission functions. First, the general-purpose key display section 100 will be explained. 103 is 7 for displaying the desired set number of copies and the number of intermediate copies.
It is a segment LED indicator. Reference numeral 102 indicates a warning display used in a conventional copying machine, such as jam, out of toner, out of paper, or copy interruption. Reference numeral 104 denotes a copy density switching lever and the density display obtained thereby. 105
This is a selection display for when the original image is only text, only photos, a mixture of text and photos, or section paper. These are provided to perform different image processing so that four types of original images can be copied in an optimized form. 106Yi Displays whether the selected cassette stage is the upper or lower stage. Reference numeral 107 is a display device for displaying the paper size stored in the cassette of the selected cassette stage. 108 is O~9. A group of ten keys of C, display 10
3 and enter numerical values in the program creation process on the soft key display section 200 (for example, trimming coordinates, movement coordinates, magnification of zooming, destination address specification, etc.).
dither pattern settings, etc.). and the latter 2
Entry key 109 is provided as a confirmation key for key entry 00. 110 is an interrupt key that interrupts multi-copy and performs another multi-copy, and 111 is a copy cancel key that cancels multi-copy or reception of the printer. -1101 is a copy key that commands the printer to start printing or transmission.・11
3 is the original image @ switching key 105, and 112 is the cassette stage switching key. The selections 113 and 112 shift from top to bottom every time a key is turned on. The cover of this part of the function key display section 300 is structurally removable. The reason is that, as mentioned above, one of the functions that you created arbitrarily on the soft key display area has not been registered and corresponds to one of the keys 302, so give the function that you created some name and press key 302. It is necessary to write it in. Therefore, after registering a function, the user takes off the cover, writes a name on one of the registered keys 302, and puts the cover back on. From the above, the function key 302 is 6.
Since six functions are provided, the user can register six functions. When the user creates a function on the soft key display section 200, a message asking whether or not to register it appears on the soft key display section 202.
If you respond to it in step 1, the function display section 300
All 16 indicators 303C corresponding to the 6 keys in the display blink. This is “Which function?”
Would you like to register the above function to the key? ” means that the machine is asking the operator a question. Therefore,
At this time, when the operator presses any key, the display corresponding to that key lights up, and the other displays go off. The operator then removes the cover, fills the key with funsion salt, and puts the cover back on. Since the memory of the contents registered here is backed up by the battery, there is a button so that the contents will not be erased even if the power switch is turned off. Key 301Vi is a standard mode return key. Incidentally, the display 114 lights up when the interrupt key 110 is turned on, but flashes when the station enters the reception mode to notify reception of image data from another station and prevent printing using the copy key 101. During reception printing, data can be set and registered using keys 200 and 300. Therefore, after receiving the print, the sentence
When the receiving copy key 101 is turned on, the received contents (sender address, total number of received prints, received print count) are displayed on the liquid crystal display 202. This display can be erased with the clear key C, and the standard mode display or copy key 10
Displays the data set before turning on 1. When cancel key 11k is turned on during multi-print reception, paper feeding is blocked, the print operation state for the paper already in the path is completed, and printing is stopped. The sending side displays a message indicating cancellation on the LCD display. The reader unit will be explained in detail. FIG. 4 shows the system block diagram of the reader unit. The interface signals with this reader are shown on the right, the first
ing. When connecting to a printer, connect connector J Rl to :1 connector, J P 1) on the printer side first. When setting the reader/'printer and communicating with the outside, the signal that originally goes from JR,] to the connector, JP1, is the JC1 of the full communication system (CCU).
W Units 1-(CCU) OJC, which controls communications once every year
It is designed to connect to JPI from I'. In addition to this rL, there is also a protocol ad and 1. DeJI(,2 and,)
The timing of the interface signals of 3 and JR,1 connecting C2 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. BEAM DETECT When all the BD printers are connected, does it synchronize with the rotation of the ski palm? It corresponds to the tip signal of each line. V I DEO is an image signal, each one pixel per inch 55 ns If]
That's 4752 outputs. However, one pixel has three values, that is, it has a state of 0.1/2.1, so at 0, it is 55nsdlL, which is 27°5, which is the first half of the 1/2 digit.
ns is 11 and the second half is 27, 5n8 is L, 1 is 55
ns becomes H during 1, this signal is connected to b
If this is the case, the BEAM, I) E T E CT signal will be output at synchronization 1-, t'15, and if not (transmission to another, etc.), the internal pseudo signal (i) will be output after cutting once to '1-.V I 3rd E OE N A B L E is the j dose signal in which the plane j image data is outputted in 4752 bits i:1. This is also B E A , fVI D E
T F; CT is output in synchronization with the internal pseudo signal. This is a signal that is output in synchronization with the output of the VSYNC image front edge detection sensor 37b and BEAMDETECT or an internal pseudo signal, meaning that data from both sections will be output from now on. Signal [1] keV
II Dan] Same as 0ENABLEZ). I) R.I.
NTS T A ) A, T Iha No. (1 This is a paper feed command to the printer side. This PRINT 5TART and VS
The time with YNC, one interval, is determined by the control circuit in consideration of the variable magnification and the trimming area. P)? , INT EN
L) is a response signal from the printing side, and is issued when the trailing edge of the copy paper is placed on the 1I31HL-r conveyor belt from the drum.Z) indicates that the printing operation has ended. . This detects the completion of separating the copy paper, but it does not come out depending on the sequence timing.
CT signal is sent to the communication interface module 40a
It shows that fj; was followed by Jl-. When a communication interface module is connected, it is forced to fall on this Q consonant GND within that module and is put into communication operation state by peak 11 /'11,I''R,INTER
CoNNJ CT signal PRI N T1”2 I
N. This is the output when all connections are made, and the printer side -
This terminal is close to GND. The printing operation state is set by t'L. 5-DATA, S, CLK, C8CBUSY, PSCB
USY is a serial line for protocol communication between the reader and printer (allowing transmission and exchanging information such as signals between the two). 4, 5-DATA, S, and CLK are 16-bit protocol lines. Not data and clock 7'1. is also a two-way line. CS CB U
S Y r, t-i Output when the cylinder line reader OII+ outputs data and clock, )) SCBUS
Y is output when the printer side outputs data and clock to the line 1-1, therefore, these i-i, S
. D A T A and E;, C1, 'E) Indicates the transmission direction. Please refer to Figure 8 for detailed timing. 11. f-i. Returning to FIG. 4, the system block of the reader will be explained. CCI) age) Toribe 6 (→1.601' has C
CI), CCD glue ``1 signal intensifier from Drino (, CCI), A/D converter to convert it into A/], and a built-in signal. ) Control signal generation jl (generated by 603 and 603') is supplied to the clock driver of the LCD reading section 601 and 601'. This control signal is synchronized with the horizontal synchronization signal B I from the printer. The image data converted to a 6-bit digital signal is output from the CCDU acquisition unit 601.601' and then sent to the image processing unit 602.60.
2'. The image processing units 602 and 602' include a sampling circuit for sampling the COD output and controlling the light source's light 1kcPU, a circuit for detecting shading of the light source and lens, and its correction circuit, and a main drive circuit for performing the AE function. A peak hold circuit detects the peak value of the light intensity during an eclipse, and a slice level is determined based on the peak hold value or dither pattern of the previous line or the line before the previous line for the 6-bit image data after completion of shading correction,
It has a digitization circuit for ternarization. Both image signals quantized by the image processing sections 602 and 602' are manually input to the painter editing sections 604 and 604'. This picture @ Editorial Department 60
There is a buffer memory for two lines at 4°604'. The capacity for 1247 minutes is 2 of the number of pixels per line, 4752.
It has more than double the capacity. The reason for this is that when enlarging the image by 200 pixels, each pixel data is written into the memory at twice the sampling rate, so the amount of data is doubled. Also, the reason for the buffer memory for two lines is that the memory cannot perform writing and reading at the same time, so when the Nth line of image data is written to the first memory, the second line of image data is written to the first memory.
This is to pressure the image to read the N-1th line from the memory. In addition, in order to digitize the information, the amount of information is
Double. Therefore, the required memory system is r 47
Eight systems of 52×2 Jo memory units are required. In other words, current memory devices have units of 4 bits and 16 bits, so if 16 bits of memory are used, it is a 16-bit memory (such as HM6116).
8 pieces are required. In addition, this part includes a write address counter for writing image data into this buffer memory, a read address counter for reading image data, and an address selector circuit for switching address signals from these two counters. The counter uses a parallel load tag whose initial value can be preset, and the initial value is loaded into the I10 boat by the CPU. The CPU presets the counter with an address value corresponding to the main scanning coordinates each time the sub-scanning reaches a line corresponding to the trimming coordinates in accordance with the coordinate information instructed by the operation unit, thereby making it possible to edit the document information. . There are coordinate area control counters and gate circuits to enable white masking, black masking, white frame trimming, and black frame trimming. There is a seam detection shift register for automatic CCD splicing. i[iIi(M! The image data from the editorial department is first output from 604, then from 60
4', the synthesizing unit 605 smoothly switches them and converts one serial image into data. The recognition unit 606 is for detecting the coordinates where the document is placed at the time when the printer advances the document during the idle rotation period after the copy button is turned on. This part includes a shift register for detecting eight consecutive white image data pits, an I10 port, and a main/sub-scanning counter. The operation unit 607 includes a key matrix, an LED, a liquid crystal, and a liquid crystal driver. 608 is a DC motor for scanning the optical system, and 609 is its driving circuit. 610 is a fluorescent lamp for illuminating the document, and 611 is its lighting circuit. A photo sensor 612 detects that the optical system unit is at the home position, and a photo sensor 613 detects that the optical system unit is at a position to irradiate the leading edge of the document. The CPU section 614 is a CPU and a ROM. RAM, battery backup circuit, timer circuit, I1
0 interface. The CPU section 614 controls the operation section 607, performs sequence control of the reader according to operation commands from the operator, and at the same time controls the printer using commands. Also, the operation section 607
Prior to or during document scanning, the surface edge processing units 602, 602' image editing unit 6
Data is set for various counters at 04.604'. Furthermore, prior to scanning the document, the CPU controls the light amount of the fluorescent lamp lighting device 611 based on the light amount data from the image processing section, and presets the speed data for the DC motor drive circuit 609 according to the magnification command. ,
The image stitching data from the image editing sections 604 and 604' is processed (~calculates the total stitching amount. First, reset all of the shift memories, A, M, etc., which will be described later, and set the LCD display 21) to memory No. 2 at 1:1, no editing, positive, no sending, and the lower cassette on the 100 side, text original, 1 sheet. Set. :) Set the sweet standard mode. The first case is the same when the interrupt key 110 and reset key 301 are turned on. Next, check the copy key 3), and if it is No, check whether it is received or not (141)
Otherwise, the process proceeds to the entry routine (5) of the key part 200.3o(). After setting and registering the mode and data by steps 200 and 300, it is determined whether the printer is capable of printing or not (steps 1 to 6), and if possible, the routine proceeds to the copy key routine. When the copy key is on, it is necessary to determine whether it is sending or not (8), and when it is not, the print start signal is sent to the CCU.
9), and when sending, send the destination address to ViccU.
/data and other data necessary for transmission (10). Once in receive mode, sending and printing will be blocked even if the copy key is fully turned on, but the mode data up to that point will be saved to the display sound memory area and display 2 will be displayed instead.
All received contents are displayed in 02 (11). Use the clear gear to switch from that display to the original mode data display. (12)
. While the copy key is not fully turned on, the key part 200.degree. 300 entry is made IjJ' function l-5 and its change is also possible (13). When the reception is completed (14), proceed to the copy key routine of step 3 and select 1 to enable copying.
, when the cancel key 111 is turned on in step 1-3, after a predetermined time +7), the process proceeds to step 3 and all reception is canceled. In addition, if you turn on the clear key in step 13, the data set related to Kei will be cleared! '1. However, the mode data set by the soft gear will not be set. Standardization is reset by key 301. Sequence control will be explained according to FIGS. 7 and 5. As shown in Figure 7, there are three
position sensors 37a to 37c. When viewed from the front of the reader, the optical system is located at the far left. -Person position sensor (signal OH)
(output P), and the optical system normally stops at this position. When the reader is driven, the optical system starts scanning from left to right, and the image leading edge sensor 371) is provided exactly at the reference position of the image. The control circuit is this sensor 37
1) is detected, the image data signal (VIDEOSCLK
, ), and outputs each main scanning recycle (347,
Data validity period (VII month OENA) in 2 μs)
BLE). Soshiichi? r Control times & 61 This VII) The sensor 371) starts counting the number of EOENABLE signals, and calculates the count value α corresponding to the first point, second point, and third point according to the printer's sumo rise or magnification. When this is reached, the forward drive signal of the optical system is cut off, and the signal is switched to the reverse drive signal. On the way back, PRINT 5TAB (, T sensor 37e
is provided, and when the optical system activates this sensor after inversion, it is controlled @w! determines whether the specified number of copies have been scanned (7). If the number matches the specified number of copies, generates a PRINT 5TART signal to instruct the printer to feed the next sheet. Note that T2 in Figure 7 It is necessary to adjust the position of the sensor 37c so that it is equal to 4 widths with amplifier AMP901, A/D
The signal is A/D converted by a comparator 902 and converted into a 6-bit digital signal. On the other hand, before starting copying, a standard white board is illuminated and the digital data is once written into the RAM 904. When copying starts, shedding is corrected by multiplying R, AM 904 by the current image data. (Multiplication Data
The image data output from OM2O3 is
A digital signal without shading can be obtained. In addition, the dithering scheme 0M907 for expressing halftones is set so that the same weight code (6 bits) is output at 4-bit intervals in the main scanning direction and at 4-bit intervals in the sub-scanning direction, as shown in FIG. In this 4×4=16 bit matrix, 16 types of weight codes are assigned. Figure 10 shows the data of the dither ROM, where A is the 9-1
907-IA and 907-2At7) in the figure are examples of values output by the OM, and B is an example of the value output by the ROM of 907-IB and 907-2H. The arrays of A and H are different from each other in a predetermined relationship.
Different weight codes are output by addressing this dither ROM 907 with a 2-bit sub-scanning counter (74LS161, etc.) and a 2-bit sub-scanning counter. Further, there are a plurality of combinations of weight codes set in this 4×4, and the reproducibility of the halftone image can be changed depending on the combination. The selection of this combination is performed by the I10 latch 910, and the preset to this latch is
Performed by U614. In other words, if the operator wants to make the image density tingling or dark, the operator can give the instruction using the density knob 104 on the operation section.
When the density knob is set, the CPU sets the preset value corresponding to the value of the density knob in the I10 latch 910. Since the dither ROM 907 contains a plurality of dither patterns whose shading can be changed based on the set data, an image with the set density can be obtained. Incidentally, the comparator 906 for binarization has a plurality of comparators (A series and B series) so that one pixel can be compared at the same time using two value thresholds in two ROMs. This realizes ternarization of images. In other words, by simultaneously binarizing one pixel using different thresholds of dither ROMs 907-IA and 907-IB (also ti907-2A and 907-2B), 1) Image Data>ROM for both A and B Data
) Only one of A and B is an image Da t a > ROM Da
t a+1l) Image Data≦ROM for both A and B
Three types of density (referred to as ternary values) states called Data can be reproduced. The parallel 2-bit image signal is the 11th
When the input is input to shift memories 57-1 (5) and 57-1 (B) in the figure, processed in parallel, and output to the printer, it is divided into the first half and the second half of one pixel, pulse width modulated, and output to the printer. . The beam width of the printer's laser is modulated by this pulse width modulation output, and the beam width is modulated in a cylindrical shape. Therefore, 32 gradations of density can be achieved in 166 pixels. Therefore, many gradations can be realized with a small pattern, making it possible to improve the reproducibility of halftones without significantly deteriorating the reproducibility of characters. The same applies to multi-level dithers of three-level dithers or higher. Also, since dither 1 (0M907-1) drives both A and B in parallel, there is no need to increase the ROM address speed.
This can be achieved with conventional processing speed. By the way, since the image area can be specified using the soft keys and numeric keys in Fig. 3, only the necessary parts can be reproduced using the ternary dither, and the rest can be reproduced through one dither OM or just two without going through the dither ROM. It can also be a value reproduction. In other words, when performing ternarization dither processing only within an area specified by a key, the CPU causes the latch 910 to output a pattern in which each element of the matrix has the same level until the main and sub-scanning counters reach the coordinates corresponding to that area. Then, simple binarization processing is executed outside the area. When the CPU determines that the coordinates have been reached, it outputs a predetermined array pattern to the latch 910 and executes ternary dither processing. In this way, the resolution of characters, etc. outside the area can be extremely improved, and the gradation can be raised within the area.The above processing can also be changed by automatically recognizing the character area. In Fig. 11, the outputs of shift memo 1) and (1)' are output at the same time.
11, if only one memory is 1 then 0.5, if both memories are 0 - width 0 or -) 94 is converted to output 1, shift memo January power, (2)'
The same is true for the 1st "gate 96".
91. It is possible to take measures even if multiple CCDs are connected. In addition, the name shift memory l-J address selector (1), (
2) through 1. - By resetting the data tab of the register 669, the write address counter 63 and the address f1/counter 64.65 are occupied or read out. The timing of writing to or reading from memory can be determined and changed when the CPU resets the register data. The J2 memory that can be changed has a capacity for two lines of CC1). Therefore, the print position can be changed by setting data in the register using the key. Therefore, multilevel dither output can be edited. Also, see how this ORGATE 9G comes out in the next anime game) 9
7, masking and trimming can be performed by applying a gate partially. This is done by using the outputs from the circuits 80, 81 and the clip-flop 82 that count pixels to control the C gate 97 at the desired timing. I'
Ill (- and t( can be done. By the way, Figure 9-2 shows the dif'
ROM 907-IA, 907-IB, 9
07-2A,, 907-28 to lAM907-IA'
. 907 has a 4×4 matrix configuration similar to the dither ROM described above, and a pattern as shown in FIG. 10 is stored therein. The weighting code set in the matrix of 4><4 in the RAM is preset by the CPU. In other words, the cell/controller 912 (to IA' - 2B') is connected to the address bus side, and the data bus switch 913 (I
2B'), arbitrary data - is written into the dither RAM 907. When performing image processing, turn f-rebus switch old 5 on and off, and set selector 912 to dither RAM counter 908.
, 909 side, it is possible to perform dither processing according to the data written in the AMK. In other words, the i(, OM part (not shown) of the CPU has the dither matrix A basic pattern (for example, Beyer pattern, thinly wound butterfly pattern) is stored in advance, and the density setting lever 104 is set to 1: i'L. RAM ・-ta・-
Store it in. In other words, using the formula of Y=eXfu, you can freely create data that increases the gradation of the black part or the gradation of the white part by using the data that transforms the basic bata. I can do it. It is accessed by the address data of the R, A Mi CPU by the CPU selector 912, and the switch 9
13, the pattern data is stored in the corresponding addresses of boxes A and M. On the other hand, during halftone expression processing, RAM
I! I (
, AM outputs a signal B based on the data of the corresponding address. It is also possible to preset the dither (2) and the AM (butter) by using the numeric keypad shown in FIG. 3, thereby obtaining the desired halftone reproduction characteristics. In addition, a dither pattern that removes the background is automatically determined based on the edge of the original @i obtained by bliss ganning the crimp original, and then performing RA.
Corresponding data can also be stored in M, thereby making it possible to perform intermediate reproduction appropriate to the original. Incidentally, instead of the combination of dither R, OM or dither RAM and converter 906, it is also possible to use a memory storing halftone binary output data. : CCD seam correction) A method for automatically joining two CCIs (in the main scanning direction) will be described. As shown in Figure 2-27, a white plate was provided over the Baum position (above the switch 37a) of the optical system during main scanning, and the light source was turned on when the optical system was normally in the home position. When this white plate is illuminated, the reflected light is C
It is designed to be input to OD. Therefore, when the optical system is at the home position, the control circuit corrects the variation in the amount of light and the variation in sensitivity of the two CCDs (shading correction). Further, a thin black line B/ having a width of 2 mm and long in the sub-scanning direction is provided at the center position of this white plate. This is for connection correction. Note that this thin line only needs to have a size that is an integral multiple of quantization. Similarly, when the optical system is at the home position, this thin black line appears on the bit near the end of each of the two CCDs by turning on the light source, so these COD signals are manually input to the shift memory, and the CCD1 system The lower 128 bits of the signal and the upper 128 bits of the CCDz system signal are compared. Confirm that each of these 128-bit data always has a white bit before and after, and a black bit is a sandwich inch. Then, the number of bits obtained by adding the number of lower white bits of the CCDI system and the number of upper white bits and the number of black bits of the CCD2 thread is thinned out when reading from the shift memory of the COD2 system. In the figure, the COD arrow indicates the main scanning direction, and the sub-arrow indicates the sub-scanning direction. The specific method is shown in Figure 11. In order to write the image signal to the shift memory, shift memory 57-1.57-2
Since static R and AM are used for
counter (write address counter 63) and read address counter (read address counter 6)
4゜65). COD and the information device input to the memory differs depending on the magnification ratio, so in this example, first
Write address counter (1) of CD1 system as LSB
In the up-current mode, the input signal is counted using the four clocks φ2, the number of pixels is counted by the CCD scan, and it is confirmed at what count it stops. This is the CPU R
Store in AM. If it was the same magnification, it would be 259
Stops at 2 count. Next, the lower 8 bits of the CCDI system (
In order to extract the MSB (the first bit that appears in main scanning) and the upper 8 bits of the CCDZ system, set the confirmed value in the write address counter 63 of the CCD1 system, and set the confirmed value to the address counter of the C0D2 system. 65 to 08H
(Hex code 08) to specify down count mode. On the other hand, an 8-bit shift register is installed to input the image signal from each COD, and the driving period of this shift register is VIDE, which indicates the main scanning period of the CCD.
From the rising edge of the OENABLE signal, the counter (VI
It operates based on the clock output during the DEOENABLE period. ), CC
The image signal of the lowest 8 bits of the CCD1 system remains in the D1 system shift register, and the most significant 8 bits of the image signal remains in the CCD2 system shift register after the first scan. The values remaining in these shift registers are then transferred to the CPU
36 and stored in memory. Next, CCD l
In order to take out the lower 9 to 16 bits of the CCDz system and the upper 9 to 16 bits of the CCDz system, set the write address counter 63 of the CCD1 system to (the confirmed value - 8 above), and read the address of the CCDz system.・Counter 65 has IOH
is set, and then read out using the same method as above. After scanning this operation one after another 16 times and expanding the upper 128 bits of the CCD1 system and the lower 128 bits of the CCDz system into memory, the number of black bits, the number of lower white bits of the CCD1 system, and the number of upper white bits of the CCD2 system are calculated. calculate. Then, when reading image data from the shift memory of the CCDz system, the number of bits (connection bit number), which is the sum of the number of lower white bits of the CCDI system, the number of upper bits of the CCDz system, and the number of black bits, is thinned out in the main scanning. Achieve a seam of direction. This is shown in figures (a) and (b). Next, the operation of the shift memory after the continuity logic is established will be explained. When writing to shift memory, CCD1 system and CC
The DZ system write address counter 63 is preset with the previously confirmed value at which the count stopped, and the shift memory is addressed by down-counting to write the image data. This is shown in figure (C). Next, when reading from shift memory, the first
What must be used is the reference in the main scanning direction of the document 2). Document placement standard S I' black thin wire for connecting
Since it is located 148.51 nm from the center of the CCI) i-based shift memory, the read start address A of the CCI) i-based shift memory is ((number of lower bits above) (-(number of black bits/2) + (148,5x16)) will be the value of X magnification. The readout start address of the CCD2 thread is ((the above confirmed value) - (number of splicing bits))) the value of X magnification. So17 is 13.89 First, by the read clock φ of 4752 pulses at MHz, the CCI) 1st thread address counter (1) is run by down-counting, and when it reaches 0 and a ripple carry occurs, the CCDZ is started.
The system's address counter (2) is operated to count down and the image converter is read from the shift memory. This is shown in figure (d). In this way, the printer
A continuous image signal (video) for 17 lines is transmitted. In this case, writing to and reading from memory can be performed continuously at the 21st *poison [t. Immediately, memory 57 1.57
-2 while reading from similar memory 57 3.57-4
Write all the signals of the next line to this memory 57.
Reading 3.57 4, 57-1. The next line is further written to 57-2. FIG. 11 shows a circuit diagram related to these shift memories. Shift memo IJ (1) is a static memory into which CCDI image data is stored. The shift memory (2) is a static memory into which CCDZ-based image data is stored. Line address counter 63 is an address counter for writing data into shift memories (1) and (2). vinegar·
- The address counter (1) is shifted to the shift memory (1).
) is an address counter for reading data from the shift memo (2), and the at1nos counter (2) is an address counter for reading data from the shift memo (2). The address selector (1) selects either the address signal of the line address counter 63 or the address signal of the read address counter (1) to address the shift memory (1). It is a thing,
゛The address selector (2) selects either the address signal of the line address counter 63 or the address signal of the address counter (2) and shifts it to the shift memory (2).
It is for addressing. Shift 1/
Gystaph 4 has 8 CCDI image data from the bottom.
It is a 1/digit register to take out bits at a time, and it is a shift register.
The register 76 is a register for taking out image data in units of 8 bits from the second most position of the two CCD threads. F'／
F73 is an F/F that resets the ripple carry of the write address counter 63 at the rising edge of the VIDEOENA and BLE signals.
m++ = i) to control the period of human labor
, F/'l' 75 If VIDEO-18
Rise of NABLE-C4! : Tsu l-1~, S・-de・
This F/F is reset by a double carry of the address counter (2), and is used to control the period of manual input to the shift 1/disturb 6. I10 Baud) 72U
This is an I/O for Ci'U to read and confirm how far it has counted when the write address counter 63 is moved by the completion count. I10 register 66~
69 sets preset values to the write address counter 63 and read/complete address counter 64 and 65, respectively.
This is a register given by the PU. I10+ to distal 8 are write address counter 63 and address counter 65 up-count or down-count f:C
PU is for specifying, and address selector 7
CP which counter value to select for output at 0.71
Address counter (2) for tJ to specify
The light clock is used to move the clock to 4", and the Tgs'r signal 9 is used to make the connection.
3' is for giving to all 93'. By TEST, the CPU drives the CCU, ) with the optical system stopped, and provides one line of image data from the CCD driver circuit 33 to the shift memory circuit. Referring to this circuit diagram, the operation of extracting 128 bits of CCD1 system image data in 8 bits from the lowest order and 8 bits from the most significant of CCDZ system image data in order to perform splicing will be explained. ■(The PU first sets the write address counter 63 to up-count mode and sets O to the engineering 10 register (1). ■One pulse is sent as the TE8T signal (corresponding to machine start) of the engineering 10 register (4). One VIDEOE can be obtained from the COD driver in Figure 10 by giving
NABT, E signals, φ and clock according to the magnification are generated, and data is applied to the shift memory. ■、I1
Write the value of write address counter 63 from port 0
PU will take it in. ■, write address counter 63
to down-count mode, address counter (2)
to down-count mode) L, I10 register (
1) Preset the value stored in (■), and (2) preset 7H in the 10 register (3). ■, 1 for TEST signal
When VIDEO ENABLE is no longer present, the 8 bits of the shift registers 74 and 76 are sequentially fetched into the memory and stored. (2) Set (the value of (■) - 7H) in the engineering 10 register (1) and IOH in the I10 register (2). ■, Do 0 again. ■Similarly, I10
Set (the value of -77H) in the register (1), set the seam to 7FH in the I10 register (2), apply the TB8T signal, and repeat until the shift registers 74 to 76 are read. Regarding the seam correction mentioned above, the patent application filed by the same applicant was filed in 1983.
Details can be found in the specification of No. 128073. In this way, pixel connections in the main scanning direction can be realized. However, since the dither pattern is repeated in units of 4 bits, if left as is, the repeating pattern will be disturbed at the junction between CCD1 and CCD2, resulting in unnatural gradations. To explain how to solve this problem, in Fig. 9-1.9-2, the main scanning counter 908 (for example, 5N74L8161, etc.) that drives the dither ROM or RAM is connected to the video CL.
The initial value is loaded with the horizontal synchronization signal (H, 5YNC) corresponding to the human detection signal. The main scanning counter 908-1, which controls the system, loads 0" at H, S Y N C,
Start counting, 102 1", 12", 3","
0". 1", "2"... repeat. However, C.C.
Similarly, the main scanning counter 908-2 that controls the D2 system is
, 5YNC. At this time, the value at which counting starts, that is, the initial value loaded into the counter by H, 5YNC, is controlled by CPtJ. In other words, after performing the automatic connection, when the number of bits used by the CCD1 system is exactly a multiple of 4, the main scanning counter 908-2
The load value is 0'', the load value is 1 when (multiple of 4 + 1), 2 when (multiple of 4 + 2), and (
If it is a multiple of 4 + 3), the CPU will load “3”.
sets data in I10 latch 911. As a result, CCD1. There is no disturbance in the dither pattern near the joint between the CCDs 2, and a smooth image can be output. This means that the dither connection has been completed. Also, the dither connection when changing the magnification is also done using CCD.
This can be done depending on whether the number of bits used in the I system is a multiple of 4 plus or minus several bits. Magnification in the main scanning direction can be achieved by changing the write clock φ2 obtained by dividing the COD clock φ, according to the magnification. Variation in magnification in the sub-scanning direction is achieved by changing the moving speed of the optical system according to the magnification. Also, although the explanation was made using a 4x4 bit dither matrix, 2
Dither patterns can be connected in a similar way with matrices such as X2, 8X8, etc.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an image processing device to which the present invention can be applied;
2 is a sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the operating section, FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram of the image processing device, and 501. Figure 7 is the operation time chart of Figure 7, Figure 8 is the Eshima flowchart, and Figure 9-1.9-2 is a block diagram of the binarization processing circuit for the image signal manually input from the CCD. , FIG. 10 is a dither ROM pattern diagram, and FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of the image processing section. Applicant Gyanon Co., Ltd. d Kei Hyakuhiro Shimbun---C
---1'LPIC, stone? −−−−−−−You−−−−
−-”−−−−r, se, island voice 7nη shiiichi−−−−
---2----Kucho---7,5prNd love---
--Publication plate--]Field 1"'-r, 5errplcode-
1---'tn几用-1J1-11rl '几廚田''
Sniper---378 37t) / (

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Means for inputting image signals. Halftone expression means based on a dither pattern by processing the input image signal. Image processing characterized in that the halftone expression means has a memory storing a plurality of data for halftone expression corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and the memory is addressable in order to rewrite the data. Device. (2) Means for inputting image signals. A plurality of halftone representation means based on a dither pattern by processing the input image signal. Further halftone processing is performed on each output of the above halftone expression means to form a halftone output.