JPS60155589A - Organic matter treatment and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating organic matter such as municipal waste and rural waste.

Methods such as landfilling and incineration have been used to dispose of these organic materials, but these methods cause problems such as the generation of bad odors and
It is accompanied by secondary pollution such as groundwater contamination and the generation of harmful gases.
It has become an environmental and social problem. For this reason, in recent years, a treatment method has been adopted in which compost is obtained by fermenting these organic substances. Conventionally, the process of obtaining compost has been to pile up these organic materials outdoors and allow them to ripen naturally by turning over and over as needed. Secondary pollution such as these cannot be avoided. For this purpose, a treatment method has been adopted in which these organic substances are fermented under artificially created aerobic conditions and composted. This processing method includes
There are mechanical methods using fermenters such as rotary kiln (rotating drum) type, paddle type, auger type, and silo type.

However, when using these known methods, the moisture content of the organic matter is 50 to 65%, which is suitable for microbial fermentation.
Otherwise, good aerobic fermentation will not occur. To this end, when adding organic matter to the fermentation tank, a moisture regulating agent such as rice husks, rice husks, or reduced part of the final product that has already been composted is mixed into the organic matter in advance. The actual situation is that the water content is adjusted to 50 to 65q6 and aerobic fermentation is carried out in the tank. In the case of organic substances with a moisture content of 65 cm or more, anaerobic fermentation is performed to produce lower fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, and sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan. This causes strong pungent and offensive odors, causing secondary pollution, and the organic matter in the products has not yet undergone sufficient microbial decomposition. Therefore, the spoilage maturity of the product is not sufficient for agricultural application, and the composting is not complete.
In order to do this, it is necessary to deposit it in a deposition site for a longer period of time, and then turn it over and ripen it as appropriate, which has disadvantages such as requiring a large deposition area and a long time.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks, and the present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks by adjusting the moisture content by using high-moisture organic matter with a moisture content of 65% or more by reducing rice husks, sawdust, or a part of the final product that has already been composted. To provide a method for processing organic matter and an apparatus thereof, capable of obtaining compost without emitting odor by early dehydration and fermentation under aerobic conditions without using wood.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A method and apparatus for treating organic substances according to the present invention will be explained based on embodiments shown in the drawings. In the figure, a vertical fermenter 1 having the required internal capacity has a partition plate 2 inside.
A plurality of multistage fermentation chambers A are divided into two or more stages in the vertical direction.

B. The flies are all together. The partition plate 2 supports the organic matter 3 such as municipal waste and rural waste loaded on it,
In order to drop these organic substances 3 after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, an arbitrary appropriate partition plate operating device 1 that is controlled in conjunction with the organic substance 3 is provided.
0, the opening part 1 is formed using appropriate means such as opening/closing or sliding. The partition plate 2 is formed using a perforated steel plate or the like in order to improve the permeability of the deposited organic matter 8.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the partition plate 2 is installed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a horizontal plane as shown in the figure. The inclined lower edge of the partition plate 2, in this embodiment the edge adjacent to the side wall of the fermenter l, communicates with a sewage discharge passage 4 provided longitudinally along the side wall. It is configured to communicate with the lower edge of each floor partition plate 2 forming the fermentation chamber, and to be connected at the lower end to a sewage reservoir 5 provided with a means for discharging to the outside.

As with the above configuration, the inclination angle α of the partition plate 2 is set such that water that naturally leaches from the loaded organic matter and dew water that forms on the bottom surface of each partition plate during the fermentation process, as described later, are used to drain waste water. It is a device that is used to drain the passageway 4 using a slope, and is determined based on the properties of the organic material, the angle of repose it forms, the amount of moisture released from the organic material, the material of the partition plate, etc., and is generally 25. A range of '-45' is appropriate. If the angle of inclination is smaller than 25', this water will flow, regardless of the nature of the organic material, the leaching of water from the organic material, the shape of the partition plate, the material of the partition plate, etc. Due to the effects of friction, surface tension, etc., it does not flow along the partition plate, but remains, and falls onto the surface of organic matter located in the fermentation chamber below the partition plate. On the other hand, if the inclination angle is greater than 45'', water will sag and ooze out in the organic matter 3 due to gravity, but the accumulated thickness of the organic matter 8 is usually about 800 to 600 m, and the inclination of the partition plate 2 The larger the angle, the longer the vertical distance through which water flows, which is the inverse cosine of the inclination angle, so naturally it becomes difficult for each minute of water to seep out.In the case of organic matter such as municipal waste whose normal moisture content is 65 coefficients or higher. In this case, the upper limit of the angle α at which water can be effectively drained along the partition plate is 45°.

Furthermore, an aeration system consisting of an air blower 6, an air line, an air exhaust line, and an air exhaust apparatus 7 is provided, and the air blowing system and the air exhaust system are arranged in alternating stages for each stage of the fermentation chamber, as shown by the arrows in the figure. It is provided as a pair in
Thereby, ventilation is exhausted from the organic matter in the pair of upper stage fermentation chambers via the partition plate 2 and through the lower stage organic matter, thereby supplying air necessary for fermentation. The amount of air supplied is determined to be suitable for fermentation depending on the amount and properties of the input organic substances.

A supply conveyor 8 for supplying organic matter 3 is provided above the fermentation chamber A at the top of the fermentation tank 1, and a discharge conveyor 9 for discharging the fermented compost out of the fermentation tank is provided below the fermentation chamber at the bottom. establish.

Using the treatment equipment configured as described above, the moisture content is 6.
The method of fermenting and composting organic materials such as rural waste in cities with a high moisture content of 5% or more is to first crush organic materials to a particle size suitable for aerobic fermentation in a multi-stage manner using a supply conveyor 8. It is supplied to the fermentation chamber A at the top of the fermenter 1 and deposited to the required thickness. In this state, the moisture in the deposited organic matter 8 gradually flows out along the inclined partition plate 2 over time, so that the organic matter 8
The moisture content of the compost decreases to about 65%, which is suitable for the growth and activation of aerobic bacteria and actinomycetes, which are effective for composting. Organic substances are automatically mixed each time they are dropped from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, thereby uniformly dispersing nutrients for microorganisms. The number of days required during this period varies depending on the properties of the organic material, but is usually around 1 to 3 days. In a state where the moisture content has decreased to approximately 65 degrees Celsius, the organic matter 8 in the fermentation chamber undergoes good aerobic fermentation, and the temperature reaches 55 to 65 degrees Celsius, actively evaporating moisture, and as a result, the partition plate 2 Condensation water forms on the lower surface of the room, i.e. on the ceiling of the lower room.

It is collected and disposed of outside the tank. Therefore, in this case, it is possible to avoid a phenomenon in which condensed water falls into the organic matter existing in the lower fermentation chamber and prevents the moisture content of the organic matter from decreasing. As a result, such a suitable fermentation process is carried out while sequentially passing through each stage of the fermentation chamber, and the initially charged high-moisture organic material with a moisture content of 65 cm or more is processed for about 5 to 7 days. After sufficient fermentation treatment is completed, the compost is composted, its C/N value decreases, the reduced sugar carbon ratio decreases, and the pH value reaches approximately 8.
9, the compost product deposited in the bottom fermentation chamber is delivered to a predetermined area by the discharge conveyor 9.

In addition, in order to maintain optimal aerobic conditions within the fermenter, the supply and discharge ports of the fermenter must be sealed tightly in order to fully utilize the effects of the blower and exhaust device. It is desirable to have a structure that allows for

According to the present invention, organic matter with a high moisture content of 65% or more is dehydrated in the uppermost stage of a vertical multi-stage fermenter, and an environment for the growth and activation of aerobic bacteria is provided. In addition to promoting the fermentation of materials, the sloping characteristics of the partition plates allow condensation on the partition plates caused by evaporated water from the organic materials to be removed from the fermentation tank during the fermentation stage, thereby preventing condensation from falling onto the organic materials during fermentation. The accompanying decrease in the moisture content of the organic matter can be prevented, and highly efficient composting of the organic matter can be carried out.

Additionally, the present invention reduces the strong odor and other environmental pollution associated with anaerobic fermentation, such as groundwater contamination, as well as the extremely long composting times associated with conventional mechanical methods. It has a very noticeable effect on processing.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings are schematic explanatory diagrams showing a method for treating organic matter and an apparatus therefor, which represent an embodiment of the present invention. 1...Fermentation tank, 2...Partition plate. 8...Organic matter, 4...Sewage discharge channel. 5... Sewage sump, 6... Air blower. 7... Air exhaust device, 8... Supply conveyor. 9...Discharge conveyor, IO...Opening/closing operation device. Procedural amendment (spontaneous) March 9, 1980 Commissioner of the Patent Office 1. Indication of case 1988 Patent Application No. 7266 2. Title of invention 41. Method and apparatus for processing organic matter 3. Amendment Patent applicant (421) Nikki Steel Works Co., Ltd. 4, Agent Address 8F, Kowa Building 16, 1-9 #20 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Name Patent attorney (7021) Tadashi Wakabayashi 'Telephone (585
) 1882 5, "Detailed Description of the Invention" column and drawings of the specification subject to amendment. 6. Contents of the amendment (1) "Organic substance" on page 6, line 17 and line 20 of the specification is amended to "organic purchase." (2) "Active" in lines 3-4 on page 8 of the specification is "active"
Correct to. (3) "The organic substance" on page 8, line 10 of the specification is amended to "the organic substance." (4) Correct the drawing as shown in the attached sheet.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Organic matter such as high-moisture public waste with a moisture content of 65% or more is supplied to the top stage of a multi-stage fermenter without moisture adjustment, and the organic matter is While reducing the moisture content of
A method for processing organic matter, which is characterized in that organic matter is allowed to fall in sequence to the lower stage for fermentation, and compost is obtained at the lowest stage. 2. It has a carrying means for supplying organic matter in fixed amounts to the fermentation chamber at the top level, a carrying means for discharging the generated compost to the fermentation chamber at the bottom level, and a ventilation means for imparting ventilation to each stage. An organic material comprising a multi-stage fermenter, in which the partition plates of the fermentation chambers of each stage are inclined at an angle of 25° to 45° with respect to the horizontal, and the partition plates of the fermentation chambers of each stage are configured to be openable and closable. processing equipment.