JPS6365637B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating organic matter such as municipal waste and rural waste.

Methods such as landfilling and incineration have been used to dispose of these organic materials, but these methods are associated with secondary pollution such as the generation of bad odors, groundwater contamination, and generation of harmful gases, and are socially harmful from an environmental perspective. It's becoming a problem. For this reason, in recent years, a treatment method has been adopted in which compost is obtained by fermenting these organic substances. Conventionally, the process of obtaining compost has been to pile up these organic materials outdoors and allow them to ripen naturally by turning over and over as needed. Secondary pollution such as these cannot be avoided. For this purpose, a treatment method has been adopted in which these organic substances are fermented under artificially created aerobic conditions and composted. This processing method includes mechanical methods using fermenters such as rotary kiln (rotating drum) type, paddle type, auger type, and silo type. However, when using these existing methods, the moisture content of the organic material is 50%, which is suitable for microbial fermentation.
Good aerobic fermentation only occurs in ~65% of cases. To this end, when adding organic matter to the fermentation tank, a moisture regulating material such as rice husks, sawdust, or reduced part of the final product that has already been composted is mixed into the organic matter in advance. In reality, the water content is adjusted to 50-65% and aerobic fermentation is carried out in a tank. In the case of organic substances with a moisture content of 65% or more, anaerobic fermentation is performed to produce acetic acid,
Lower fatty acids such as propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, and sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan are produced, producing strong pungent odors and bad odors, causing secondary pollution, and the above products. However, sufficient microbial decomposition of organic matter has not yet progressed. Therefore, the spoilage maturity of the product is not sufficient for agricultural applications. In order to complete composting, it is necessary to accumulate the material in a composting site for a longer period of time, and then turn it over and ripen it as appropriate, which has disadvantages such as requiring a large deposition area and a long time.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks and makes moisture adjustment by reducing the moisture content of rice husks, sawdust, or a part of the final product that has already been composted. To provide a method for processing organic matter and an apparatus thereof, capable of obtaining compost without generating odor by early dehydration and fermentation under aerobic conditions without using wood.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A method and apparatus for treating organic substances according to the present invention will be explained based on embodiments shown in the drawings. In the figure, a vertical fermenter 1 with the required internal capacity
is divided into two parts in the vertical direction by the partition plate 2.
As described above, a plurality of multistage fermentation chambers A, B, C, . . . are constructed by being divided into stages. The partition plate 2 supports organic materials 3 such as municipal waste and rural discarded material loaded thereon, and allows the organic materials 3 to fall after a predetermined period of time. The partition plate operating device 10 is configured to form the opening 11 using appropriate means such as opening/closing or sliding. Partition plate 2
is formed using a perforated steel plate or the like in order to improve the air permeability of the deposited organic matter 3.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the partition plate 2 is installed so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a horizontal plane as shown in the figure. The sloping lower edge of the partition plate 2, in this embodiment the edge adjacent to the side wall of the fermenter 1, communicates with a sewage discharge passage 4 provided vertically along the side wall. It is configured to communicate with the lower edge of each floor partition plate 2 forming the room, and to be connected at the lower end to a cesspool 5 provided with a means for discharging to the outside.

As with the above configuration, the inclination angle α of the partition plate 2 is set such that water that naturally leaches from the loaded organic matter and dew water that forms on the bottom surface of each partition plate during the fermentation process, as described later, are used to drain waste water. This is for draining the passageway 4 using the slope, and is determined by the properties of the organic matter, the angle of repose it forms, the amount of moisture coming out of the organic matter, the material of the partition plate, etc. A range of 45° to 45° is appropriate.
If the angle of inclination is smaller than 25°, this water will flow through the flow friction, regardless of the nature of the organic material, the water leached from the organic material, the shape of the partition plate, the material of the partition plate, etc. Due to the influence of surface tension, etc., the organic matter does not flow along the partition plate, but remains, and falls onto the surface of organic matter located in the fermentation chamber below the partition plate. On the other hand, if the inclination angle is greater than 45°, water will drip down and ooze out in the organic material 3 due to gravity, but the accumulated thickness of the organic material 3 is usually approximately 300 to 600 mm, and the thickness of the organic material 3 is usually approximately 300 to 600 mm. The larger the inclination angle is, the longer the vertical distance over which water flows, which is the inverse cosine of the inclination angle, naturally makes it more difficult for water to seep out. Normal moisture content is 65
% or more of organic matter such as municipal waste, the upper limit of the angle α that can effectively drain water along the partition plate is 45°.

Furthermore, an aeration system including a blower 6, a blower line, an exhaust line, and an exhauster 7 is provided, and the blower system and exhaust system are connected to each stage of the fermentation chamber as shown by the arrows in the figure. 1 in alternate rows
They are installed as a pair, and this allows for ventilation of 1
Air necessary for fermentation is supplied from the organic matter in the pair of upper stage fermentation chambers via the partition plate 2 and through the lower stage organic matter. The amount of air supplied is determined to be an amount suitable for fermentation depending on the amount and properties of the input organic material.

A supply conveyor 8 for supplying organic matter 3 is provided above the fermentation chamber A at the top of the fermentation tank 1, and a discharge conveyor 9 for discharging the fermented compost out of the fermentation tank is provided below the fermentation chamber at the bottom. establish.

A method of fermenting and composting high-moisture urban waste, rural waste, and other organic materials with a moisture content of 65% or more using a processing device configured as described above is a method that uses a processing device that is suitable for aerobic fermentation in advance. The organic matter crushed into particles is supplied to the fermentation chamber A at the top of the multi-stage fermenter 1 by a supply conveyor 8, and is deposited to a required thickness. In this state, the moisture in the deposited organic matter 3 gradually decreases over time.
Since it flows out along the inclined partition plate 2, the moisture content of the organic material 3 is reduced to about 65%, which is suitable for the growth and activation of aerobic bacteria and actinomycetes, which are effective for composting. Organic substances are automatically mixed each time they are dropped from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, thereby uniformly dispersing nutrients for microorganisms. The number of days required during this period varies depending on the properties of the organic material, but is usually around 1 to 3 days. In a state where the moisture content has decreased to approximately 65%, the organic matter 3 in the fermentation chamber undergoes good aerobic fermentation, and the temperature reaches 55 to 65°C, actively evaporating water, and as a result, the partition plate 2 the lower surface,
In other words, condensation water forms on the ceiling of the lower room. This condensed water adhering to the inclined partition plate 2 flows along the partition plate 2 and is collected in the sewage basin 5 via the sewage discharge channel 4, and is discharged to the outside of the tank. Therefore, in this case, a phenomenon in which condensed water falls into the organic matter existing in the lower fermentation chamber and prevents the moisture content of the organic matter from decreasing can be avoided. As a result, such a suitable fermentation process is carried out while passing through each stage of fermentation chambers sequentially,
After approximately 5 to 7 days, the initially input high-moisture organic matter with a moisture content of 65% or more will be fully fermented and composted, its C/N value will decrease, and reducing sugars will be produced. The compost product, which has a reduced carbon content and a pH value of approximately 8 to 9, is deposited in the bottom fermentation chamber and is delivered to a predetermined area by the discharge conveyor 9.

In addition, in order to maintain optimal aerobic conditions within the fermenter, the supply and discharge ports of fermenter 1 should be sealed tightly to fully utilize the effects of the blower and exhaust device. It is desirable to have a structure that

The present invention enables early dehydration of high-moisture organic matter with a water content of 65% or more, which is charged into the top stage of a vertical multi-stage fermenter, and provides an environment for the growth and activation of aerobic bacteria. In addition, during the fermentation stage, the sloping characteristics of the partition plates allow condensation on the partition plates caused by evaporated water from the organic substances to be removed from the fermentation tank, thereby preventing condensation from falling onto the organic substances during fermentation. This makes it possible to prevent the moisture content of the organic matter from decreasing, and to perform highly efficient composting of the organic matter.

Furthermore, the present invention eliminates the generation of strong malodors associated with anaerobic fermentation as in conventional mechanical methods.
Other environmental pollution such as groundwater contamination and the extremely long time required for composting are reduced, and this has an extremely significant effect on the composting process of organic materials.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings are schematic explanatory diagrams showing a method for treating organic matter and an apparatus therefor, which represent an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Fermentation tank, 2... Partition plate, 3... Organic matter, 4... Sewage discharge channel, 5... Sewage pool, 6... Air blower, 7... Air exhaust device, 8... Supply conveyor,
9...Discharge conveyor, 10...Opening/closing operation device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Organic matter such as high-moisture public waste with a moisture content of 65% or more is supplied to the top stage of a multistage fermenter without moisture adjustment, and the organic matter is A method for processing organic matter, which is characterized in that organic matter is allowed to fall into lower stages for fermentation while reducing its moisture content, and compost is obtained in the lowest stage. 2. A multi-tiered structure that is provided with a carrying-in means for supplying organic matter in fixed quantities to the fermentation chamber at the top level, a carrying-out means for discharging the produced compost to the fermentation chamber at the bottom level, and a ventilation means for imparting ventilation to each stage. In a type fermenter, the partition plate of each stage of fermentation chamber is set at an angle with respect to the horizontal.
An apparatus for treating organic matter, which is constructed by tilting the fermentation chamber at an angle of 25° to 45° and opening and closing the partition plates of each stage of the fermentation chamber.