JP3563287B2 - Compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation, and more particularly to a compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation capable of reliably composting livestock waste, garbage, sludge, and the like even in cold regions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are various types of aerobic fermentation compost manufacturing apparatuses, and each of them has been put to practical use. For example, as an example of a flat / open / continuous feed type, there are side walls on both sides, a width of approximately 5 to 10 m, a length of several tens to 100 m, and a concrete grooved fermenter having a length of several tens to 100 m, while moving along the side walls. Some are equipped with a stirring and transferring machine for stirring and transferring organic substances. Compost raw materials are put in from one end of the grooved fermenter by a wheel loader, etc., and the raw materials are moved to the other end by a stirring transfer machine and agitated appropriately while decomposing and fermenting organic matter in several days to several tens of days. Composting.
[0003]
Organic raw materials include garbage, kitchen garbage, food factory residues, animal dung, sewage sludge, etc. If these are disposed of as waste, they can cause secondary pollution, and conversely, high quality compost If it can be returned to the natural world, it will greatly contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the environment.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned organic raw materials have different components, water contents, and discharge amounts depending on the time and place, and it is necessary to adjust fermentation conditions according to each in order to make high-quality compost. .
For example, when a large amount of water contained in organic waste and water generated in the process of decomposition and fermentation of organic matter are present in excess, anaerobic bacteria are activated and decay proceeds, and foul odors are generated to deteriorate the surrounding living environment and However, the quality of the resulting compost is low and the fertilizing effect cannot be expected.
The preferred moisture content of the compost material is approximately 60 to 70% based on dry solids weight, and many measures have been taken to control the moisture content of the material. A simple method is to mix sawdust, rice straw, rice husk, dried compost, etc., in an amount comparable to that of organic raw materials, and it is also accompanied by hot air drying equipment using electricity or heavy oil as a heat source. .
[0005]
Especially in cold climates, care must be taken to maintain the fermentation temperature, and when using livestock manure as a raw material, frozen products are brought in and use a lot of energy to dissolve them. Some of them are fermented, resulting in generation of offensive odor and undesired Escherichia coli and the like may be scattered around.
The animal droppings may be solidified into large dumplings by the dropping device of the barn and by the way of transportation, so even if they are not frozen, they are sufficiently crushed and dispersed by stirring during fermentation. In some cases, the anaerobic fermented small mass may pass through the fermentation process. Compost containing such small lumps is naturally low in quality.
[0006]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a compost production apparatus suitable for cold districts, which can easily adjust the water content of raw materials, and has excellent handling characteristics with reduced generation of putrefaction odor for aerobic fermentation tanks. Is to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an input section for inputting an organic material is provided at one end, and an output section for taking out a product is provided at the other end, and the space therebetween is agitated by a rotary-type agitating transfer machine. In a compost fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation processing comprising a fermentation processing section for aerobically fermenting organic matter by moving and composting, the input section has a downward slope capable of flowing down the exuded water of the input raw material. Surface, pneumatic means capable of blowing out hot air from the inclined surface or reducing the pressure, and mixing means for crushing and mixing the organic material together with the added water adjusting material.
[0008]
Moisture leaching from the organic raw material is separated by making the input portion of the raw material an inclined surface, and is dried by pneumatic means, and the organic raw material is crushed and mixed together with the water adjusting material by the mixing means to easily adjust the water content. The fermentation conditions can be adjusted even in a cold environment.
Since the supply section has a downward slope, the floor of the subsequent fermentation section is located in the ground lower than the frozen soil layer. When the floor is buried below the frozen soil layer as described above, the influence of the cold is reduced and almost constant conditions can be maintained throughout the summer and winter.
[0009]
The inclined surface is formed of a material having water permeability and air permeability through which aerobic fermentation microorganisms can inhabit at a high concentration. Is discharged. At the same time, aerobic fermentation microorganisms proliferate at high concentrations, and these facultative or aerobic soil bacteria secrete metabolites containing components that inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, or exude from the input organic material. It works to decompose and remove BOD, COD and malodorous components contained in sewage. These effects and effects are ensured because the pores are not clogged by the autolysis of the cells.
The mixing means is composed of two auger screw shafts arranged in parallel to operate symmetrically, and each screw shaft forms an auger in a direction opposite to each other in series, and crushes between the two shafts while gathering a target object from right and left. By supplying the raw material and the moisture control material on a plurality of screws whose axes are arranged in parallel by mixing, the mass of the raw material is surely loosened into small pieces (about 5 cm or less in size), and Can be uniformly mixed to form an aerated sediment suitable for aerobic fermentation.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the technical idea that constitutes the above-described solution will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compost fermenter of the present invention.
The compost fermenter 1 has an input section 2 at one end for feeding the feed material A, a fermentation processing section 4 including a rotary type stirring transfer device 3, a discharge section 5 at the other end, and avoids rainwater. And a house 6 for keeping warm.
[0011]
The charging section 2 has a downwardly inclined surface 7 capable of flowing down the exuded water of the input raw material A, a pneumatic means 8 capable of blowing hot air from the inclined surface 7 or capable of reducing the pressure, and a water conditioning material B. And a mixing means 10 for crushing and mixing the organic raw material A with the addition adjusting material B.
[0012]
The inclined surface 7 is formed of a water-permeable and air-permeable material in which aerobic fermentation microorganisms inhabit at a high concentration, so that water that naturally separates from the organic material passes through the water-permeable floor surface and under the floor. Is discharged. At the same time, aerobic fermentation microorganisms proliferate at high concentrations, and these facultative or aerobic soil bacteria secrete metabolites containing components that inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, or exude from the input organic material. It works to decompose and remove BOD, COD and malodorous components contained in sewage. These functions and effects function forever because pores are not clogged by autolysis of the cells.
[0013]
Specific materials include porous concrete, concrete blocks with needle-like crystallized surfaces, soil cement blocks using soil instead of sand, pumice layers, mountain sand layers or rice hull layers spread over iron or wood lattice. For example, easily available materials can be used.
[0014]
The air pressure means 8 is connected to a blower (not shown) so that air blowing and pressure reduction can be selected, and is formed on the inclined surface 7 via a heating unit 8a. When air is blown from under the floor, water evaporates from the deposited organic matter layer, lowering the water content, making the sediment aerobic, and promoting aerobic fermentation. At this time, by supplying warm air by the heating unit 8a, a favorable effect is provided on the adjustment of moisture and the promotion of fermentation. Further, by slightly reducing the pressure under the floor, the seepage water from the raw material can be efficiently extracted.
[0015]
Therefore, even if a low-temperature raw material is supplied, the temperature and moisture before fermentation can be adjusted according to preferable predetermined conditions, so that fermentation in the fermentation processing unit can be started up early.
[0016]
The addition port 9 is composed of a rotary barrel or the like provided above the inclined surface. With this rotary barrel, the water adjusting material such as sawdust, rice straw, rice husk, and dried compost is loosened into small pieces so as to be easily mixed and added to the raw material on the lower inclined surface.
[0017]
The mixing means 10 is composed of a rotating barrel located at the lower end of the inclined surface, and can uniformly mix the adjusting material while loosening the mass of the raw material into small pieces, thereby forming a breathable sediment suitable for aerobic fermentation. it can. The mixing means uniformly lowers the water content of the raw material to 65 to 70%, which is suitable for fermentation, by uniformly mixing the water conditioning material and the raw material. It is possible to prevent a bad smell caused by propagation of putrefactive bacteria which often occurs when brought in.
[0018]
The fermentation processing unit 4 is composed of a floor 4a provided with a rotary type agitating transfer machine 3 and side walls 4b. The rotary stirring transfer machine 3 is supported by the upper end of the side wall 4b, and stirs and moves in the direction of the unloading unit 5 to ferment the target product received from the charging unit 2.
[0019]
The floor 4c near the charging section 2 is provided with pneumatic means 8 for adjusting moisture as needed. Further, a heating means such as an electric heater for radiating far infrared rays is provided on the side wall 4b. By this heating means, even in the cold season, the occurrence of dew condensation and uneven fermentation due to the cooling of the side surfaces are alleviated, and the organic matter to be fermented is warmed, whereby the adjustment of moisture and the promotion of fermentation proceed more smoothly. The above-mentioned heating means is not limited to the side wall 4b, and the same effect can be obtained by including or embedding ore powder or ceramics that generate far-infrared rays, if necessary, including the floor surface 4a.
[0020]
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.
The side walls 4b on both sides of the fermentation processing unit 4 are buried deeper than the frozen soil layer C. In the fermentation processing unit 4, since the supply unit 2 has a downward slope 7, the floors 4c and 4a of the subsequent fermentation processing unit 4 are located in the ground lower than the frozen soil layer. When the floor is buried below the frozen soil layer C, the influence of the cold is reduced, and almost constant conditions can be maintained throughout the summer and winter.
[0021]
A compost fermentation process by the compost fermenter having the above configuration will be described.
The organic waste A discharged from the barn is mainly litter and dung. In addition, the organic matter A of various other raw materials is intermittently carried in and charged from the charging section 2 of the compost fermenter 1, and moisture adjustment and thawing are performed through the inclined surface 7 of porous concrete having both water permeability and air permeability. Do.
[0022]
For the material having a high moisture content, the pneumatic means 8 is operated before mixing the moisture adjusting material B to reduce the pressure under the floor of the water-permeable inclined surface 7, so that the exuded water is sucked into the floor 7 It is possible to eliminate excess moisture. Next, warm air is supplied from the heating unit 8a to dry and thaw or heat the raw material. Further, moisture adjustment is performed by mixing sawdust and completed ripe compost. The fine adjustment of the water content can be controlled by controlling the air flow from the air pipe of the pneumatic means 8 blown from under the floor and the exhaust amount from under the floor, so that an appropriate fermentation environment can be prepared.
[0023]
When the agitation transfer machine 3 is operated along the side wall 4b, the deposited organic material moves little by little toward the outlet, and fermentation starts in the process. With this agitation, the organic material comes into contact with air to supply oxygen necessary for fermentation.
The agitating transfer machine 3 operates in the front-rear direction about once or twice a day, and the fermented product is moved toward the outlet while being supplied with air each time. Fermentation is completed in 20 to 30 days, but the fermentation period can be shortened even in a cold environment by blowing heated air by the pneumatic means 8 of the floor 4c in order to promote the initial startup.
[0024]
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another compost fermenter of the present invention. The description of the same members as described above is omitted by giving the same reference numerals.
The compost fermenter 21 has a suction duct 22 with a fan in the building 6, and this is connected to the pneumatic means 8. In addition, a space for the post-ripening 23 is provided on the carry-out section 5 side, and a carry-out device 24 such as a belt conveyor is provided.
[0025]
The suction duct 22 collects the air heated by the fermentation heat of the organic matter reaching 70 ° C. or more near the ceiling of the building 6. This warm air is supplied to the inclined surface 7 and the like via the pneumatic means 8. By using the air of the fermentation processing unit 4 warmed by the fermentation heat, the fermentation can be promoted by adjusting the water content while suppressing the heating cost by the heater 25.
[0026]
If the organic raw material contains a large amount of cellulose such as straw, the decomposition and fermentation may be insufficient. Therefore, the organic material is accumulated in the space for post-ripening 23 for several tens of days to obtain a fully-ripened compost. The fully-ripened compost is sequentially carried out from the carrying-out section 5 by the carrying-out device 24.
[0027]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of the mixing means of the charging section.
The mixing means 31 comprises two auger screw shafts 32, 33 arranged side by side that operate symmetrically below the inclined surface 7, and each screw shaft connects auger surfaces 34, 35, which form spiral surfaces in mutually opposite directions, in series. It is formed so that it is formed and crushed and mixed between both shafts while collecting the target object from the left and right. Above this, an addition port 36 for adding a moisture adjusting material is formed.
[0028]
The charged organic raw material is distributed in the left-right direction D by the rotation of the August screws 34, 35. The large chunk rolls and is caught between the two axes by the symmetrical movement of the two axes, crushed and broken into small pieces. The frozen mass is melted by being warmed by warm air by the pneumatic means.
As described above, the adjusting material dropped from the upper addition port 36 is uniformly mixed by the symmetrically operated parallel screw of the mixing means 31 while reliably loosening the lump of the raw material into small pieces (about 5 cm or less in size). And can be made into a breathable sediment suitable for aerobic fermentation.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation of the present invention has the following effects.
The compost fermentation tank is composed of a fermentation treatment section having an input section and an output section at both ends, and the input section is provided with an inclined surface, pneumatic means, and mixing means. The water exuding from the water is separated without stagnation, dried by pneumatic means, crushed and mixed with an organic material together with a water adjusting material by a mixing means, and then sent to a fermentation treatment section after adjusting the water content.
[0030]
Since the input section has a downward slope, the floor of the subsequent fermentation section is located in the ground lower than the frozen soil layer. When the floor is buried below the frozen soil layer as described above, the influence of the cold is reduced and almost constant conditions can be maintained throughout the summer and winter.
[0031]
When air is blown from under the floor by the pneumatic means, moisture is evaporated from the deposited organic matter layer to lower the water content and make the sediment aerobic, thereby promoting aerobic fermentation. At this time, it is also possible to use air warmed by the fermentation heat of the fermentation processing unit, and when this hot air is supplied, a favorable effect is exerted on the adjustment of moisture and the promotion of fermentation. Further, by slightly reducing the pressure under the floor, the seepage water from the raw material can be forcibly extracted.
[0032]
Therefore, even if a low-temperature raw material is supplied, the temperature and moisture before fermentation can be adjusted according to preferable predetermined conditions, so that fermentation in the fermentation processing unit can be started up early.
[0033]
The mixing means can uniformly mix the conditioning material while loosening the raw material mass into small pieces, and can form a gas-permeable sediment suitable for aerobic fermentation.
By uniformly mixing the water content adjusting material such as rice husk, sawdust, and ripe compost with the raw material, the water content of the raw material can be reduced to 65 to 70% suitable for fermentation. It is possible to prevent a bad smell caused by the propagation of putrefactive bacteria, which often occurs when the bacterium is directly brought into the fermentation process.
In this way, the compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation of the present invention can easily compost organic waste in cold regions.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compost fermenter of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another compost fermenter of the present invention. Perspective view showing another configuration example of the mixing means.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compost fermentation tank 2 Input part 3 Stirring transfer machine 4 Fermentation processing part 4a Floor 4b Side wall 4c Floor 5 Unloading part 7 Slope 8 Pneumatic means 10 Mixing means 21 Compost fermentation tank 31 Mixing means 32, 33 Auger screw shafts 34, 35 Auger surface A Feedstock B Moisture adjusting material

Claims (3)

At one end, an input section for inputting the organic material is provided, and at the other end, a discharge section for extracting the product is provided. In the compost fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation processing consisting of a fermentation processing section for fermenting and composting,
The charging section includes a slope having a downward slope capable of flowing out the exuded moisture of the input raw material, air pressure means capable of blowing hot air from the slope, or capable of reducing the pressure of suction, and an organic substance together with the added water adjusting material. A compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation, comprising: mixing means for crushing and mixing raw materials. The compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation treatment according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface is formed of a material having water permeability and air permeability that allows aerobic fermentation microorganisms to live at a high concentration. The mixing means comprises two auger screw shafts arranged in parallel and operating symmetrically. The compost fermenter for aerobic fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the compost fermenter is crushed and mixed.

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