JP2009106828A - Composting treatment method by granule development of organic waste and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an energy-saving and efficient composting treating method which controls bad odor by adjusting the growing conditions of wood rotting fungi through the ball type granulation and natural fermentation of organic wastes in order to compost organic sludge and pruning branches in a high order. <P>SOLUTION: The composting treatment method of organic wastes comprises granulating a carbon source subjected to the step of reducing the decomposition resistance of lignin and the like by the alkali treatment and the step of permeating a microorganism active liquid thereto, and a nitrogen source such as organic wastes, a foodstuff residue and live stock feces into the ball type by the granulating machine, conducting the low-temperature fermentation at an ordinary temperature region of 20°C-30°C to always assure the ideal C/N ratio under the growing conditions of wood rotten fungi and prevent the elution of nitrogen components to prepare a fertilizer with high soil-value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In order to ferment organic sludge, food residues, livestock excrement, etc. without odor, the present invention uses wood chips made from chips or crushed cotton, performs high-quality fermentation without accumulating, suppresses the generation of bad odors, The present invention relates to a composting method and an apparatus for reducing the energy consumption, which eliminates the need for an air supply and deodorization device.

  Conventionally, when composting is performed, a stacking method or a scooping type aeration / stirring method is used. In both cases, odors such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide are inevitably generated due to rapid fermentation, and energy consumption for deodorization and energy consumption for air occupy most of processing costs. In EU countries, such a fermentation method has already been regarded as a negative technology because it has a heavy load on the atmosphere.

  In addition, pruning branches for forestry and roadside trees and pruning branches for roadside trees are sometimes used as moisture adjusting materials in compost production, but half of them are biomass resources that have been incinerated and are not being reused. A major cause of this is that the pruned branch contains a lot of components that are difficult to decompose, called lignin, and it takes a long time for composting.

  Such an organic substance having a high resistance to decomposition should be gradually decomposed even in the soil, and has an advantage that it can maintain a characteristic that hardly causes nitrogen starvation and other harms. However, it is difficult to accelerate the degradation of materials that have low degradability and are unlikely to be a nutrient source for microorganisms, even if a large amount of nutrient sources such as easily degradable organic matter such as livestock dung, straw, and nuka and chemical fertilizers are added. If it is consumed by decomposing microorganisms, the fermentation ends and the pruned branches are hardly affected. And the only fungus that produces an extracellular enzyme that can completely decompose the benzene ring of lignin is the white wood-rotting fungus of the mushroom group, and other microorganisms, including bacteria, can decompose the outer part of the ring a little, but the ring itself Cannot be disassembled. Thus, the hardly decomposable organic matter remaining in the soil becomes a substance centered on lignin. There is a possibility that a large amount of lignin may have an adverse effect in the long-term course of soil degradation. Basically, aging should be promoted to reduce the total amount of lignin.

  Patent Document 1 has an external heating mechanism that heats a rotating drum that stirs the contained material inside when rotating from the outer peripheral side, and this panel heater is controlled in a control panel connected to a slip ring. A fermentation treatment apparatus characterized in that the temperature rise can be adjusted by the above-mentioned is proposed. This method makes it possible to stir the garbage and bacteria stored in a rotating drum like a concrete mixer under heating, and can effectively realize the decomposition of the garbage by bacteria. However, as long as the inclination angle of the rotating drum is sufficient to prevent the contents M from leaking from the opening at the upper end, the rotation drum is fixed to an arbitrary inclination angle in principle. Not suitable. In addition, there is a problem that energy for supplying the panel heater is necessary.

  In Patent Document 2, a processed product is granulated in advance and accommodated in a fermenter 31, and an aeration space communicating with each other is formed between the surfaces of adjacent granular materials to be fermented. And while adjusting the moisture content of the processed material before granulation to the moisture content in which the primary fermentation which is granulation and aerobic fermentation is possible, with respect to the processed material accommodated in the fermenter 31, at least the said processed material is target temperature. Warm air is supplied until it reaches the temperature at which primary fermentation is continued. Furthermore, the organic waste fermentation treatment method and apparatus for performing the secondary fermentation, which is anaerobic fermentation, in the same fermentor 32 as the fermenter (32) in which the primary fermentation is performed on the processed product after the end of the primary fermentation. Has been proposed. This method is aimed at improving air permeability by making the aggregate, and does not mean that the fermentation is kept in the aggregate. In addition, there is a problem that energy for supplying hot air and energy for supplying air are necessary.

  In Patent Document 3, particles made of an inorganic substance material 3 having different particle sizes such as gravel and clay are entangled with an organic substance agent 2 made of organic plant fibers and the like, and are made granular by a binder 4. Artificial aggregates having a porous solid grain structure by consolidation and a method for producing the same have been proposed. This method is an artificial aggregate that is preferably used as a purification medium for artificial soil for plant cultivation, polluted water, etc. and that also makes effective use of resources, and a method for producing the same. Although it is an excellent treatment method that does not need to be used, there is a problem that the hard-to-decompose organic lignin that remains in the soil accumulates because the dendron chips and the like remain untreated.

In Patent Document 4, the suction pipe 4 disposed at the bottom of the compost material deposition layer 3, the inlet side is connected to the suction side end of the suction pipe 4, and the inlet side of the ammonia trap 8 is connected to the outlet side. A first drain trap 6, a second drain trap 10 whose inlet side is connected to the outlet side of the ammonia trap 8, and a suction side of the suction fan 12 is connected to the outlet side, and discharge of the second drain trap 10 And a suction fan 12 for discharging the gas remaining from the side to the outside. Ammonia recovered by the filler 8a of the ammonia trap 8 is used as a solid fertilizer. A composting method and apparatus for reducing odor emission have been proposed. However, the generation of odor has a problem that fermentation conditions are inadequate and complicated and excessive labor and energy are required to remove it.
JP 2001-79525 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-170693 JP 2001-204245 A JP 2005-35811 A

Organic sludge (approximately 180,000 m ³ as sewage sludge) and pruned branches (approximately 600,000 tons in mountain forests and street trees) are discharged from Shizuoka Prefecture as industrial waste. In the livestock field, there are cases where it is used as a nitrogen raw material or moisture adjusting material during compost production, but half of it is a biomass resource that has been incinerated and has not been reused. The major causes are the generation of ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, etc., and the pruned branches contain a lot of components that are difficult to decompose called lignin, and composting may require annual time.
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to perform natural fermentation at room temperature accompanied by lignin decomposition, to suppress the generation of malodor, and to reduce the use of unnecessary energy.

  Therefore, the present invention is a fermentation system that suppresses the generation of malodor from organic sludge, and does not accumulate, so high temperature fermentation is not performed. The processing of reducing the degradation resistance by swelling the cellulose with a phenolic substance that becomes a decomposition barrier by alkali treatment of the wood chips made into chips or cotton scrap instead of only sludge fermentation, Maintaining the balance over a long period of time, replenishing minerals required by microorganisms to promote good fermentation, and preventing odors from occurring by low-temperature fermentation by forming the aggregated shape, and the aggregated shape An object of the present invention is to provide an odorless fermentation treatment by ball-shaped granulation of organic waste and an apparatus used therefor, which are dried from the outside and do not emit an internal odor to the outside.

  In order to achieve the above object, the granulated product forming method according to claim 1 is an alkali treatment of chipped or cotton-scraped wood waste in forming a granulated product for odorless fermentation of organic sludge, food residue, livestock dung, etc. The carbon source that has been subjected to the process of lowering the degradation resistance of lignin, etc., which becomes a barrier to degradation by the process, and the process of infiltrating the microorganism active liquid, and the nitrogen source such as organic sludge, food residues and livestock excreta, It is a granulated material forming method characterized by kneading with a material and granulating into a ball shape by adhesive force.

  This invention knows that dung beetle (beetle; scarab) carries animal dung in a ball and lays eggs in it, and when the ball is taken out, the outside is dry and there is no odor. Knew that there was water left and the larvae were feeding. By applying what is being done in the natural world, we have constructed a simple method for forming granulated organic waste that suppresses the generation of odors, and verified the practicality of composting livestock excreta By the way.

  When composting organic sludge and pruned branches at a high level, the degradation of persistent lignin is a very important factor, and it is natural to promote the degradation of materials that have low degradability and are difficult to become microbial nutrients. As a result, it was found that caustic soda showed a lasting effect and that alkali treatment was suitable. The caustic soda concentration is 2% to 4%, and the effect becomes remarkable.

  In addition, the inventors dilute the microbial activity solution of the previously proposed Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-28406 to about 500 times the stock solution, and infiltrate the dried chip-formed or cotton-scraped wood chips after alkali treatment. As a result of promoting the decomposition of lignin in low-temperature fermentation, an opinion that it is effective to apply fertilization to farmland after a fermentation period of 30 to 45 days was obtained.

  The composting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that the carbon source and nitrogen source of claim 1 granulated in a ball shape are fermented at a low temperature in a room temperature range of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C., and the conditions for the growth of wood-rotting fungi Below, it is a composting method characterized by always ensuring an ideal C / N ratio, preventing the outflow of nitrogen components, and producing fertilizer with high soil value.

  The present invention requires that the moisture content of wood is 20% or more at a proper moisture, temperature, oxygen, and nutrients, which are the breeding conditions of wood-rotting fungi, and the oxygen is required at a temperature of 20 to 30 ° C. The nutrient is lignin contained in the wood, In order to adapt to the growth conditions of the wood-rotting fungi, which are cellulose and hemicellulose, the wood-rotting fungi are activated in the ball-granulated formation, always ensuring an ideal C / N ratio, It prevents the outflow.

  The granulation processing apparatus according to claim 3 has a mechanism in which the tilt angle of the rotating drum portion of the mixer can be changed during the rotation operation, and the granulation particle size is changed by changing the tilt angle with respect to fluctuations in moisture content. It is the granulation processing apparatus characterized by controlling the magnitude | size of.

  Since this invention is the granulation processing apparatus used in Claim 1, it is not necessary to retain a fermented material for a long period of time unlike a composting apparatus. Therefore, a mechanism that can change the tilt angle of the rotating drum part of the mixer during the rotation operation is set to increase the tilt angle at the initial stage of injection, and the diameter of the granulated material is increased by actively inducing a dumpling state. Promote granulation. When some of the fermented products reach the specified particle size, the larger ones rise to the upper layer, so the tilt angle of the rotating drum part of the mixer is lowered and transferred to the outside and an equal amount of new fermented product is added. throw into. In this way, a fluid granulation operation can be performed by using a mechanism in which the inclination angle of the rotating drum portion of the mixer can be changed during the rotation operation.

  As described above, according to the invention of claim 1, it is possible to form a granule for reproducing organic sludge and pruned branches in a high-dimensional manner by applying a phenomenon that occurs in nature. Become.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since the breeding conditions of the wood-rotting fungi are adjusted in the ball-granulated formation, the ideal C / N ratio is always ensured and the outflow of nitrogen components is prevented. This makes it possible to reduce the total amount of lignin and to make a fertilizer with high soil value.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to controlling the size of the particle size by changing the tilt angle of the rotary drum portion of the mixer during the rotation operation, the rotation direction is not changed. The granulated product can be taken out, and the working time can be shortened.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic material granulated into a ball shape according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view with an internal perspective line showing the structure of a granulation processing apparatus for granulating the organic waste according to the present invention into a ball shape. It is.

  As industrial waste, there are nitrogen sources such as organic sludge 2, food residue 3 and livestock dung 4 and carbon sources such as pruned branches 5 (6). These wastes are subjected to natural fermentation at normal temperature as the ball-shaped granulated material 1 in FIG. 1 to produce fertilizers with high soil value, so that industrial wastes can be replaced with organic fertilizers.

  When using a nitrogen source such as organic sludge 2, food residue 3 or livestock dung 4, etc., the food sludge 2 or livestock dung 4 crushed to about 3 mm is mixed with organic sludge 2 from which water has been sufficiently removed. The microorganism active solution disclosed in Kaikai 2006-28406 is diluted to about 500 times the stock solution and mixed with about 0.5% by weight. This microorganism active solution makes the metal contained in organic sludge chelate-complexed with phosphorus, sulfur, etc. to make it easier for microorganisms to use.

  When the pruned branch 5 (6) is used as a carbon source, a hammer type crusher whose impact force is a main crushing component is used to make cotton 60 to 120 mm long, 1 to 2 mm wide and 0.2 to 0.8 mm thick. A crushed material A (including a compressed crushed material B of about 10 mm × 5 mm × 0.5 mm) is formed. Since the form and dimensions of the crushed material vary depending on the crusher, it may be selected according to the intended use of the organic fertilizer. The purpose of this crushing is to crush roughly so that microorganisms can easily exert a decomposing action, and does not specify the structure of the crusher or the form and size of the crushed material.

  The crushed carbon source is subjected to alkali treatment to loosen the coating of phenolic substances that become a decomposition barrier, and to swell cellulose to reduce decomposition resistance. As a result, after infiltration for 10 to 15 days at a concentration of 2% to 4%, the product neutralized with sulfuric acid to PH7 and dried under reduced pressure shows a durable effect, and alkali treatment is suitable I understood. In the past, lime treatment was performed, but the amount added was 1% or less, and the main purpose was to neutralize the acidity of the tree and to adjust the growth environment of microorganisms. It seems that the long-lasting effect could not be demonstrated. As an action, it is considered that polyphenol, lignin, hemicellulose and the like are dissolved by alkali treatment with caustic soda, and the decomposition action of microorganisms is improved, and cellulose is also swollen to improve the decomposition action. The above alkali treatment is an example using caustic soda, but the effectiveness is exhibited even when slaked lime having a concentration of 15% to 22% is used. However, the effectiveness varies greatly depending on the treatment temperature and tree species, so operation with consideration for conditions is desired.

  The alkali-treated carbon source is obtained by diluting the microbial activity solution of the previously proposed Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-28406 to about 500 times the stock solution, and drying it into chips or cotton scraps that have been dried after alkali treatment. Infiltrate and promote decomposition of lignin in low temperature fermentation. Although the action in the treatment in which the microbial active liquid is infiltrated into the wood chips has not been elucidated, a certain effect has been confirmed.

  The nitrogen source and the carbon source that have passed through each processing step are input together with the microbial material into the granulation processing apparatus 9 shown in FIG. A granulating apparatus 9 according to the present invention includes a rotating drum 10 that stirs a nitrogen source and a carbon source that are input into the interior at the time of rotation, a drive motor 11, a charging / discharging mechanism 12, a movable plate 13 that fixes them, a ground surface And a variable mechanism 15 that changes the angle of the movable plate 13.

  Since the movable plate 13 and the fixed plate 14 are connected via the rotating body 16, the tip of the variable mechanism 15 extends or contracts, so that the rotary drum 10 fixed to the movable plate 13 is fixed. The tilt angle changes. The change of the tilt angle can be freely controlled even while the rotary drum 10 is rotating. The purpose of changing the inclination angle is to control the size of the granulated particle size and to allow the granulated product to be taken out without changing the rotation direction. Any mechanism having a structure such as a gear system or a cylinder system may be used, and the mechanism is not specified.

  The rotating drum 10 is a well-known concrete mixer mechanism with a screw. The blade 17 attached to the inside of the rotating drum 10 turns together when the rotating drum 10 main body rotates around the axial center line. As is well known, depending on the rotation direction of the rotating drum 10 main body, the rotating drum 10 main body is rotated. It functions so as to push the input material (nitrogen source or carbon source) into the bottom side 18 of the main body of the rotary drum 10 or to discharge it into the opening side 19. When the rotary drum 10 is rotated so as to be pushed into the bottom side 18 of the rotating drum 10 main body, the input material having no place to go is stirred in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating drum 10 main body.

  It is preferable that the inclination angle accompanying stirring is set to 5 to 12 degrees with respect to the horizontal line from the stirring efficiency. As the stirring operation proceeds, a part of the input material is rounded to form a granulated product having a small diameter, which gradually grows and becomes larger. When forcibly controlling the size of the particle size, the inclination angle is set to 15 to 25 degrees according to the progress.

  Then, when the ball-shaped granulated product 1 reaches a size of 30 mm to 50 mm in outer shape, the operation proceeds to an operation of taking out the granulated product. Since the ball-shaped granulated product 1 floats and stays at the upper part of the whole of the input material, if the inclination angle is set to 5 degrees or less with respect to the horizontal line, the completed ball-shaped granulated product can be obtained without reversing the rotation direction. The granular material 1 overflows, passes through the lower end portion of the opening side 19, and is discharged to the discharge port 21.

  Since the total amount of the charged material in the rotary drum 10 is reduced by the discharging operation of the ball-shaped granulated material 1, the inclination angle is returned to 5 to 12 degrees with respect to the horizontal line, and the input corresponding to the discharged amount is input to the charging port. If it is set to 20, continuous operation is possible without reversing the direction of rotation.

  The charging / discharging mechanism 12 is disposed so as to cover the opening 19 of the rotary drum 10 from the lateral direction, and has a charging port 20 at the top and a discharging port 21 at the bottom, and loads the charging material into the charging port 20. Then, it falls on the receiving plate 22. The dropped input material is fed by the feed blade 23 so as to be pushed into the bottom side 18 of the rotary drum 10 main body. Further, when all of the input in the rotary drum 10 is discharged, it functions so as to pass through the lower end portion of the opening side 19 and discharge to the discharge port 21 of the input / discharge mechanism 12 if the rotation direction is reversed.

  As shown in FIG. 1 of the sectional view of the organic material granulated in a ball shape, the discharged ball-shaped granulated product 1 is a mixture 7 of organic sludge and feces, food residue A3-1 and food residue B3-2. A substance having an adhesive force mixed with the substance eluted from is produced, and an adhesive layer 8 covering the entire input is formed. By forming this ball-shaped granulated product 1, the nitrogen source such as the organic sludge 2, the food residue 3 and the livestock dung 4 and the carbon source of the pruned branch 5 (6) are mixed together to form an ideal shape.

  The organic waste completed as a ball-shaped granulated product 1 is surface-dried in a flat container, transferred to a container, and stored and aged in a place with good ventilation. The surface hardens in about 2 to 3 days, and a white thing is confirmed in about 1 week. During this period, easily degradable substances such as sugars and amino acids are aerobically decomposed, and fast-growing filamentous fungi and aerobic bacteria are mainly active. If it is loaded at this time, heat is generated due to breathing heat and the temperature rises to 60-70 ° C. However, storage aging without stacking the ball-shaped granulated product 1 results in 20-30 ° C. In the normal temperature range, the filamentous fungi remain preferential and the inside of the ball-shaped granulated product 1 becomes pure white in about 2 weeks. When this state is passed, the fungus layer will eventually change and oxygen will be actively consumed, so the inside of the ball-shaped granulated product 1 becomes deficient in oxygen, and anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria work there, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic The role sharing of the sex bacteria is established, and the degradation of the fiber progresses. Thus, when less food is eaten, the number of bacteria that eat fiber tissue that has been degraded and softened increases. At this time, the conditions for the growth of wood-rotting fungi were such that the decomposition of lignin began and the temperature decreased, and other microorganisms also propagated due to the dead bodies of the previously activated cells and the excreted enzymes, further promoting the decomposition of lignin. The At this stage, there is no odor and storage aging is carried out for about 45 to 90 days to give a finished product.

  Is it only necessary to have organic matter for organic nutrient microorganisms? Some organic substances have only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars such as glucose (glucose), sugar, starch, and cellulose. When only these sugars are used as food, ATP is synthesized as an energy source, but there is little growth of bacterial cells. This is because only cell components such as sugar, organic acid and fat can be produced. Nitrogen and sulfur are needed to make amino acids and proteins, and phosphorus is also needed to make nucleic acids. Therefore, when sugar is used as feed, it is necessary to provide nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc. as inorganic substances.

  Taking elements other than carbon from inorganic substances is common to all microorganisms. However, organic vegetative microorganisms use these elements if they are contained in organic matter. If only the elements in the organic matter are insufficient, they are supplemented with the elements in the inorganic matter to synthesize cell components (organize), and if the amount of the elements in the organic matter exceeds the required amount, the elements are released in an inorganic state (inorganic). . However, organic nitrogen sources will eventually deplete inorganic nitrogen. In this state, storage aging is performed for about 45 days to 90 days, and the ball-shaped granulated product 1 is completed.

  If the completed ball-shaped granulated product 1 is pulverized and sown into the farmland, inorganic nitrogen is replenished in the soil, and microorganisms increase again, giving a so-called aromatic smell. Plants absorb not only the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, but also the fact that amino acids, hormones, vitamins, nucleic acids, etc. produced by minerals and microorganisms in the soil are supplied, which is important in modern agriculture. ing.

It is sectional drawing of the organic substance granulated by the ball shape of this invention. It is the perspective view which added the internal perspective line which shows the structure of the granulation processing apparatus which granulates the organic waste of this invention to ball shape.

Explanation of symbols

1 Ball-shaped granules 2 Organic sludge 3-1 Food residue A
3-2 Food residue B
4 Feces 5 Crushed material A
6 Compression crush B
7 Mixture of organic sludge and feces 8 Adhesive layer 9 Granulation processing device 10 Rotating drum 11 Drive motor 12 Loading / discharging mechanism 13 Movable plate 14 Fixed plate 15 Variable mechanism 16 Rotating body 17 Blade 18 Bottom side 19 Opening side 20 Input port 21 Discharge port 22 Back plate 23 Feed blade

Claims (3)

  In the formation of granules for odorless fermentation of organic sludge, food residues, livestock excrement, etc., a process to reduce degradation resistance such as lignin, which becomes a decomposition barrier by chipping or scrapping wood chips, and a microorganism active liquid A carbon source that has been infiltrated and a nitrogen source such as organic sludge, food residue, and livestock excreta are kneaded with microbial materials using a granulator and granulated into a ball shape with adhesive strength. Granule formation method.   The carbon source and nitrogen source of claim 1 granulated in a ball shape are subjected to low-temperature fermentation in a room temperature range of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C., and an ideal C / N ratio is always obtained under the breeding conditions of wood-rotting fungi. A composting method characterized in that the fertilizer has a high soil value by securing and preventing the outflow of nitrogen components. The granulation processing apparatus used in claim 1 has a mechanism in which the inclination angle of the rotating drum portion of the mixer can be changed during the rotation operation, and by changing the inclination angle with respect to fluctuations in moisture content, The granulation processing apparatus characterized by controlling the magnitude | size.