JPS60125777A - Heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To take out axial momentum by a piston by a method wherein intermittent blow-up phenomenon generated from the collapse of a vapor pressure equibrium between an evaporating section and a condensing section due to the inflow and outflow of heat is utilized. CONSTITUTION:When heat flows into the evaporating section from a heat source, the column of vapor in liquid is expanded instantaneously and the phenomenon that the operating liquid is blown up against the piston 3 is caused. A kinetic energy, generated by the collision of the operating liquid against the internal surface of the piston, and vapor pressure energy lift up the piston 3 and the momentum is taken out of a vessel by a rod 9. The condensing section 6 begins to be exposed in accordance with the movement of the piston and the operating liquid as well as the vapor, contacted with the condensing section, are cooled whereby the vapor begins to be condensed. When the vapor pressure has become lower than an external pressure, the piston is decelarated by a downward force and begins a downward motion. At the same time, the operating liquid is recirculated into the evaporating section 5 by a reaction due to collision against the piston and the force of gravity. Then, the piston contacts with a stopper 8 in the vessel and the motion thereof is stopped.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention utilizes heat input to the evaporator section from any heat source.
The present invention relates to a heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine characterized by being able to extract axial momentum even if there is a slight temperature difference between the evaporating section heat source and the condensing section cooling source.

With the heat engine of the present invention, it is possible to obtain useful kinetic energy from waste heat, geothermal heat, solar heat, etc., regardless of the temperature or the scale, whether on the earth or in outer space.

A typical example of a conventional reciprocating heat engine is the steam engine, which played a central role in the industrial revolution. Complex valve mechanism for precise control,
Liquid steam after work.

It consisted of a condenser that returned water to the heat engine, and a piping system that connected these.From today's perspective, it is a large, complex, and low-efficiency heat engine.

On the other hand, examples of internal combustion engines that have continued to be used since the modern era include the gunnon engine and the diesel engine, but both require carbide fuel, which exists as a finite resource.

A gasoline engine has a complex carburetor that mixes fuel and air in the optimal state, and a valve mechanism that precisely controls fuel and combustion gas in accordance with the movement of the cylinder throughout the series of suction, compression, explosion, and exhaust strokes. The engine as a whole is extremely complex, consisting of an ignition system that works in synchrony with this, a cooling section that uses water or air to keep the entire engine at the appropriate temperature, and a piping system that connects these parts. It is a heat engine that can only be used near the ground. Furthermore, as the fate of internal combustion engines, today we are faced with problems such as pollution and noise caused by exhaust gas, resource depletion due to the fact that only certain fuels can be used, and environmental heat pollution due to large amounts of waste heat from the engine itself and exhaust gas. is causing it. From the above examination, it is clear that internal combustion engines, including gas turbines, are at the root of the very serious problems facing modern society, which pursues comfort. Moreover, the need for a completely new type of heat engine that is highly universal is increasing day by day.

The present invention aims to solve all of the above-mentioned problems and become a driving force in the coming new world and humankind's space activities.

The details of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the basic structure. An appropriate amount of a suitable working fluid (2) is sealed in the lower part of a container (1) made of a material with good thermal conductivity, while a piston (3) is slidably fitted in the upper part of the container. And a seal attached to the piston (4)
It is kept airtight from the outside.

The inside of the container is evacuated and the working fluid is at saturated vapor pressure. At the bottom of the container, there is an evaporation section (5) in which the working fluid turns into vapor by heat flowing into the container from a suitable heat source on the outer periphery, and at the top of this, there is a condensation section (6) that discards heat to the outside. ). In the initial state, the condensing section is cut off from contact with the working steam (7) by the piston, as shown in FIG. Further, the piston is always pushed inward by external pressure and gravity and is abutted against a stopper (8) to ensure a constant steam space.

When heat flows from the heat source to the evaporation section, if the working fluid is water, for example, it begins to boil locally at a low temperature of around 60°C. This so-called nucleate boiling is the starting point, causing a collapse of the vapor pressure equilibrium between the evaporation section and the upper condensation section, and as shown in Figure 2, the vapor column in the liquid expands instantaneously, forcing the working fluid on the upper surface into the piston. This causes a phenomenon in which the air blows up towards the target. Due to the kinetic energy and vapor pressure energy of the hydraulic fluid colliding with the inner surface of the piston,
The piston is lifted in the direction A in FIG. 2, and this momentum is taken out of the container by the rod (9). In addition, some recent studies have reported that the upper end of the evaporator part of a thermosiphon type heat pipe with an integrated container is easily destroyed and blown away by the blow-up phenomenon, and the potential energy of the heat pipe is large. I can see it.

As the piston moves, the condensing part begins to be exposed, the working fluid and steam that come into contact with it are cooled, and the steam begins to condense. When the steam pressure becomes lower than the external pressure, the piston decelerates due to the downward force, and with the addition of the force due to its own weight, it eventually begins to move downward. At the same time, the working fluid flows back to the evaporator section due to the reaction caused by the collision with the piston and the force of gravity. In addition, in a zero-gravity field, the working fluid can be circulated to the evaporator by using the centrifugal force caused by the rotational movement of the entire heat engine or the inertial force caused by the accelerated movement.

The piston eventually comes into contact with a stopper (8) in the container and stops moving, returning to its initial state. Then, a series of movements is repeated over and over again, with heat flowing into the evaporating section and cooling of the condensing section continuing.

6 FIG. 6 shows another application example of the present invention, in which the piston is returned to its original position by the elastic force of a spring (brown) against the internal steam pressure.

FIG. 4 shows still another example of application of the present invention, in which the piston is returned to its original position against the internal steam pressure by electromagnetic force such as a magnet α. Further, the shape of the piston (3) is deformed into a tip shape, and a rotation fulcrum 01) to which a connecting rod 0 side etc. is connected is attached.

FIG. 5 shows still another example of application of the present invention, in which the piston returns against the steam pressure by the motion force of the driven portion α3. In this example, the heat engine according to the present invention is incorporated in the crankshaft (c) of the driven part α) in the form of a connecting rod, and the vessel (1) is equipped with a device that restricts the range of movement of the piston (3). A stopper is not particularly required.

In addition, the operating fluid may contain helium or nitrogen in extremely low temperature regions.
Depending on the temperature used, various substances may be used, such as Freon or water in the room temperature range, and sodium or mercury in the high temperature range.

The features of the present invention are as follows.

■ It can be used in all temperature ranges and regions, from near absolute zero to several thousand degrees, depending on the material selection of the container, hydraulic fluid, etc.

■ Can be operated even if the temperature difference between the evaporation section and the condensation section is small.

■ In addition to the above, the form of heat source is not particularly selected, including solar heat, geothermal heat, ocean heat, combustion heat, friction heat, and other waste heat. There is no problem of resource depletion, and unlimited energy can be extracted.

■ All energy ultimately becomes thermal energy, but this final stage of energy can be reused.

It is a quiet and clean heat engine.

■ It works to transfer a large amount of heat in a small volume, while at the same time extracting useful kinetic energy.

■ Due to its extremely simple structure, it is a compact, low-cost, and highly reliable heat engine that is easy to maintain.

■ It can be mechanically replaced with today's highly developed piston engines.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic sectional view of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the operating principle of the present invention shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is another application example of the present invention. APPLICATION EXAMPLE FIG. 5 shows still another application example of the present invention (1) is a container (2) is a hydraulic fluid (3) is a piston (5
) is the evaporation section (6) is the condensation section (8) is the stotsunok (9
) Spring patent applicant Takeshi 1) Den 1st country 2nd country 3rd day 14th

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Mainly, in a thermosiphon type heat pipe in which a working fluid is placed in a closed container and kept in a vacuum state, an intermittent blow-up phenomenon occurs due to the collapse of the vapor pressure equilibrium between the evaporating section and the condensing section due to the inflow and outflow of heat. The energy of the sudden movement of the working fluid and working steam toward the condensing section is extracted as axial momentum by the piston fitted in the sealed container, and the working fluid and working steam are then transferred inside by the movement of the piston. The exposed condensing part cools, causing a drop in the internal steam pressure, and the opposing external pressure and a force equivalent to gravity push the piston back to its original position, while at the same time the hydraulic fluid is exposed to a force equivalent to gravity. A heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine characterized in that the heat is refluxed to an evaporation section and the above operation is repeated. 2. The heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the piston returns to its original position due to an elastic force opposing steam pressure. 6. The heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the piston returns to its original position by electromagnetic force opposing steam pressure. 4. The heat pipe type reciprocating heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the piston returns to its original state due to the inertial force of the driven portion opposing the steam pressure.