JPS5857014A - Engine which directly utilizes phase change - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain such an engine as generating power through the process in which vapour is steadily generated by heating a part of the sealed vessel containing a fixed amount of working fluid, while on the other hand cooling the vapour periodically and allowing increase and decrease of the vapour pressure alternately. CONSTITUTION:The cylinder chamber 2 heat-insulated from the outside is directly connected to the pressure chamber 1 of which upper half is always cooled from outside and lower half is always heated, and a piston 3 is set in the chamber 2. Working fluid (liquid phase) 4 is sealed in the pressure chamber 1, and the thermal shutter 5 which is made of heat-insulating material and serves to allow the cooling part of the pressure chamber 1 to be exposed to and shielded from steam is slidably set in the pressure chamber 1. When the thermal shutter 5 is at the highest position during operation, the high-pressure steam heated in the heating part is introduced into the cylinder chamber 2, and the piston 3 is operated up and down. On the contrary, when the thermal shutter 5 lowers, and steam is cooled in the cooling part, the piston 3 lowers, and thus power is generated by the repetition of the similar operation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat cycle engine that directly extracts to the outside as work the fluctuations in vapor pressure associated with the phase changes of evaporation and condensation that occur in a certain temperature range of a pure fluid.

Generally, when a single type of pure fluid (this is called a working fluid) is sealed in a container that has been sufficiently evacuated, the container is filled with only the liquid and its vapor. , it becomes a so-called gas-liquid two-phase state. When the container is heated from the outside to raise the temperature of the liquid, the vapor pressure increases accordingly. This is because the liquid evaporates and the amount of vapor inside the container increases. Conversely, when this is cooled from the outside, the vapor releases the latent heat taken away during vaporization to the outside world through the cooling surface, condenses, and returns to liquid. Therefore, the vapor pressure inside the container also decreases. When a fluid undergoes such a phase change of evaporation or condensation, the relationship between its temperature level, the magnitude of latent heat, the magnitude of vapor pressure, etc. is given as a physical property value characteristic of that fluid.

The operating principle of the present invention is to heat a part of a closed container containing a certain amount of working fluid so that a liquid phase remains inside the container even when heated to a predetermined temperature. While generating the steam, the steam is periodically cooled to condense and liquefy, causing the steam pressure to rise and fall alternately, giving work to the piston at high pressure, and returning the piston to its original position at low pressure. It consists in creating and producing work on a regular basis.

The main structure of the present invention is as follows.

In Figure l1l), 1 is a pressure chamber, the negative half of which is always cooled from the outside world, and the lower half is always heated. +2 is a cylinder chamber that is insulated from the outside world and directly connected to the pressure chamber, and 3 Work is transmitted to the outside world through the piston. Reference numeral 4 indicates a liquid phase portion of the working fluid sealed within the pressure chamber, and other portions within the pressure chamber and the cylinder chamber are occupied by its vapor, resulting in a so-called gas-liquid two-phase state. Reference numeral 5 is called a thermal shirtter, and it is a thin hollow cylinder made of heat insulating material and has no upper or lower bottom. This thermal shutter smoothly lowers the pressure chamber to -L without contacting the wall surface.
Its role is to expose or shield the cooling section of the pressure chamber from steam. The existence of this heat exchanger does not cause any obstruction to the steam flow path within the pressure chamber, and therefore no work is generated in this portion. Furthermore, the structure of the present invention in which a heat insulating part is inserted between the cooling part and the heating part of the pressure chamber as shown in Fig. 2, or in which the stem is made horizontal as shown in Fig. 3, is functionally exactly the same. Therefore, they can also be represented in FIG. Also, instead of extracting the work transmitted to the piston to the outside world, it is possible to directly connect it to a power generation mechanism on the spot and extract it as electricity, and the piston and thermal shutter can be moved using electromagnetic force or link mechanisms. Various measures may be considered.

Therefore, the 8 rods (lot 6) of the piston and thermal shutter depicted in Figures 1, 2, and 3 are intended to make the drawings easier to understand.
It should also be clear that the nature of the function of this heat cycle engine, including whether or not rods are necessary, is irrelevant.

The cycle of the present invention is performed in the following order.

In Figure 1-(1), the thermal shutter is located at the highest limit, completely shielding the cooling section of the pressure chamber, and the cooling section is fully closed), and the high-pressure steam generated by heating is effectively transmitted to the upper cylinder chamber, causing the piston to move. Push upward (Fig. 1121) and work outward.

In Figure 1-13), the thermal shutter begins to lower and the steam cools and begins to condense. The piston is still near the top.

In Figure 1-+41, the thermal shutter moves to the lowest limit, and the steam in the pressure chamber receives maximum cooling (the cooling section is fully open).
, the steam rapidly condenses and liquefies, and the vapor pressure becomes the lowest. During this time, the piston descends in the cylinder chamber and is located at the lowest position ((51) in FIG. 1).

In FIG. 1-+6), the thermal shower rises and begins to shield the cooling section again. The piston remains in its lowest position, and the state of FIG. 1i11 is returned.

In this way, the thermal shutter and the piston repeatedly move up and down while synchronizing with a phase difference of approximately 90°.
It is possible to form a cycle and continuously extract work. At this time, as mentioned above, the thermal shutter does not do any work itself, so it is hot.

The external work required to move the piston is sufficiently small compared to the work extracted from the piston.

The advantages of this invention are (1) by selecting the type of working fluid and furthermore, by appropriately setting the operating temperature range of the fluid;
It is possible to create an engine that can obtain any amount of power; (2) Phase changes occur extremely quickly and even with small temperature changes, so it can be a low-temperature heat engine compared to existing heat engines. (3) Since it is a type of external combustion engine, a wide variety of fuels or heat sources can be used as heating means. As described above, based on the present invention, it is practical to design and design engines according to individual purposes and specifications.
By developing and repeatedly improving each part, it is possible to create a highly efficient and economical energy-saving external combustion engine.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1, 2, and 3 all show conceptual diagrams of the present invention, and FIGS. 1-+11 to (6) show the progression order of the cycle. Note that in the figure, arrows indicate the direction of movement. 1...Pressure chamber, 2...Cylinder chamber, 3...Piston, 4...Working fluid, 5...Heat pump, 6...8 rod (
mouth/throat) 63- [12 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a system that heats one part of a sealed container containing a fixed amount of pure fluid in two-phase gas-liquid state and cools the other part,
An external combustion cycle engine that opens and closes the cooling section by moving a thermal shutter installed inside the container, thereby causing a change in vapor pressure due to a phase change within the container, and extracting this pressure difference as work.