JPS59227291A - Enriching of flavor of refined sake - Google Patents

Enriching of flavor of refined sake

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Publication number
JPS59227291A
JPS59227291A JP58102798A JP10279883A JPS59227291A JP S59227291 A JPS59227291 A JP S59227291A JP 58102798 A JP58102798 A JP 58102798A JP 10279883 A JP10279883 A JP 10279883A JP S59227291 A JPS59227291 A JP S59227291A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
acid
sake
koji
amino acids
organic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP58102798A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6352875B2 (en
Inventor
Takeo Koizumi
武夫 小泉
Shoji Suzuki
昌治 鈴木
Motohiro Ikemi
池見 元宏
Kyuichi Saito
斎藤 久一
Masanori Makino
牧野 正則
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akita Prefectural University
Original Assignee
Akita Prefectural University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akita Prefectural University filed Critical Akita Prefectural University
Priority to JP58102798A priority Critical patent/JPS59227291A/en
Publication of JPS59227291A publication Critical patent/JPS59227291A/en
Publication of JPS6352875B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6352875B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To enrich the flavor of refined SAKE, by using a KOJI mold having high ability to produce organic acids from amino acids to give a KOJI, converting the produced organic acid into its ethyl ester with a yeast during fermentation process. CONSTITUTION:A KOJI is produced by using a KOJI mold such as Aspergillus oryzae having high ability to produce an organic acid from an amino acid. By this operation, prepared amino acids, especially leucine and valine produced from a protein in steamed rice of raw material, etc. by a protease of a KOJI mold are converted into organic acids especially leucinic acid and valinic acid. The KOJI is blended with steamed rice, water, and a yeast, and fermented. Organic acids especially leucinic acid and valinic acid are converted with the yeast during the fermentation into organic acid ethyl esters especially leucinic acid ethyl ester and valinic acid ethyl ester to enrich the flavor of refined SAKE.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、清酒中に含まれる有機酸エチルを増加させる
ようにした清酒の香気増強方法に関する。 清酒の香気は、品質を左右する重要な指標となっており
、例えば吟醸酒のような香気の高い清酒は市場において
大幅に需要を伸ばしている。また近年、燗をして飲むと
いう従来からの飲酒方法に対して、冷載庫で冷して飲む
という飲酒方法が酋及しはじめでおり、このような飲酒
方法にJ3いでは特に清酒の香気が重要視されている。 しかし、清酒の香気を高めることは容易なことではなく
、原料米の精白歩合、麹のつくり方、超低温醗酵など原
料処理や醗酵管理が極めて難しく、その結果、香気の高
い清酒は高価なものとなっていた。 一方、清酒の香気を高める物質としてロイシン酸エチル
があり、ロイシン酸エチルが清酒中にlppm以」二存
在することによって香気向上作用があることが知られて
いる(山水ら、「1本tlJ ”tx化学会誌第35巻
、619頁、1961年)。しかしながら、清酒製造の
過程(゛1]イシン酸−1デルがどのようにして生成さ
れるのかは解明されておらり゛、この知見を清酒の香気
増強に応用υることができなかった。 したがって、本発明の目的は、より簡単かつ確実な方法
により清酒の香気を増強させることにある。 本発明者は、上記の目的を達成するため鋭意研究した結
果、清酒製造過程中におけるロイシン酸エチルの生成経
路を解明し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成づるに至
った。 すなわち、本発明によれば、アスペルギルス(△spe
rgi l 1us)属に属しアミノ酸より有機酸を生
成する能力の強い菌株を用いて原料中の蛋白分解アミノ
酸もしくアミノ酸を有機酸に転化し、該有機酸を酵母に
よる醗酵工程中にエチルエステルに変換ツ°るようにし
ている。 本発明化は清酒製造過程中におけるロイシン酸■デルの
生成経路を調べた結果、次のような事実が判明した。ず
なわち原料の蒸米中に含まれるロイシン(蛋白構成成分
の分解物も含む)が麹菌の作用を受(′J10イシンの
アミノM(−NH2)が失われて水酸基(−01−(>
が代りに入りロイシン酸となる。このロイシン酸は不揮
発物質であるため香気はない。次にロイシン酸が酵母に
よる醗酵工程中にエステル化を受けてロイシン酸エチル
が生成されるのである。この生成経路を構造式で示せば
次のようになる。 (原オ゛31米中のロイシン) (CH3) 2  ・CH−C+−12・Cl−1・C
OOC2H51−1 こうして生成されたロイシン酸エチル番よ、揮発性であ
り、強い清酒特有の香気を持つことから、その量が多い
稈清酒の香気は向上する。なお、同様にして生成される
バリン酸−Lプルも[1イシン酸エチルはどではないが
清酒の香気向上に寄与することが解った。このロイシン
酸■チルは、通常の市販清酒にlppm前後存在してい
るが、本発明化は、アミノ酸から有1酸を多く生成する
麹菌、特にロイシンからロイシン酸を多く生成する麹菌
を選択して使用することによって、従来の清酒の5〜1
0倍もの有機酸エチル、特にロイシン酸エヂルを含む清
酒を製造することができた。 本発明においては、魚し米等の原料に7スペルキルス属
(Δspergi l 1us)に属しアミノ酸から有
奢幾酸を生成する能力の強い菌株を接種して麹を製造J
る。原料の蒸米等には、
The present invention relates to a method for enhancing the aroma of sake by increasing ethyl organic acids contained in the sake. The aroma of sake is an important indicator that determines its quality, and demand for sake with a high aroma, such as ginjo sake, is increasing significantly in the market. In addition, in recent years, the drinking method of cooling the drink in a refrigerator has begun to become popular, as opposed to the traditional drinking method of warming it and drinking it. is considered important. However, increasing the aroma of sake is not easy; raw material processing and fermentation management, such as the polishing ratio of raw rice, the method of making koji, and ultra-low temperature fermentation, are extremely difficult, and as a result, highly aromatic sake is expensive. It had become. On the other hand, ethyl leucinate is a substance that enhances the aroma of sake, and it is known that when ethyl leucinate is present in sake at 1 ppm or more, it has an aroma-improving effect (Sansui et al., ``1 bottle tlJ''). (Tx Chemical Society Journal Vol. 35, p. 619, 1961). However, the process of sake production (1) how isicic acid-1del is produced has not been elucidated, and it has not been possible to apply this knowledge to enhancing the aroma of sake. The purpose of the present invention is to enhance the aroma of sake by a simpler and more reliable method.As a result of intensive research to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present inventor has discovered that ethyl leucinate during the sake manufacturing process has been improved. The production route was elucidated, and based on this knowledge, the present invention was completed.That is, according to the present invention, Aspergillus (Δspe.
The proteolytic amino acids or amino acids in the raw materials are converted into organic acids using a strain belonging to the genus Rgil 1us) that has a strong ability to produce organic acids from amino acids, and the organic acids are converted into ethyl esters during the fermentation process with yeast. I'm trying to convert it. In the present invention, the following facts were discovered as a result of investigating the production route of leucinate during the sake manufacturing process. Leucine (including decomposed products of protein constituents) contained in the raw material steamed rice is affected by Aspergillus aspergillus ('J10 Isine's amino M (-NH2) is lost and the hydroxyl group (-01-(>
takes its place and becomes leucinic acid. Leucic acid is a non-volatile substance and has no odor. Leucic acid then undergoes esterification during the yeast fermentation process to produce ethyl leucinate. This production route can be expressed as a structural formula as follows. (Leucine in original oil 31 rice) (CH3) 2 ・CH-C+-12・Cl-1・C
OOC2H51-1 Ethyl leucinate produced in this way is volatile and has a strong aroma unique to sake, so the aroma of culm sake with a large amount of it is improved. It has been found that valic acid-L pull produced in the same manner also contributes to improving the aroma of sake, although not as much as ethyl isinate. This leucinate is present at around 1 ppm in ordinary commercially available sake, but the present invention was developed by selecting a koji mold that produces a large amount of monoacid from amino acids, and in particular, a koji mold that produces a large amount of leucine acid from leucine. By using 5 to 1 of traditional sake
It was possible to produce sake containing 0 times as much organic acid ethyl, especially ethyl leucinate. In the present invention, koji is produced by inoculating raw materials such as rice with fish and rice with a strain of bacteria belonging to the genus 7 Spergillus that has a strong ability to produce rich diacids from amino acids.
Ru. For raw materials such as steamed rice,

【」イシン、バリン等のアミノ
酸を特別に添加増強してもよい。本発明にa5いて、ア
スペルギルス属に属しアミノ酸から有機酸を生成Jる能
力の強い菌株とは、例えば製造された麹中にロイシン酸
が20ppmjス十生成されるような菌株を意味する。 本発明の過程においては酒造用麹菌(秋田今野商店保存
株)126株を用いてスクリーニングを行い5株に20
111)m以」ニのロイシン酸生成株を得たが、他の1
21株は5 ppn+以下しかなかった。従ってこの5
株をロイシン酸強力〈1成株とした。このような菌株は
、従来麹の製造に使用されているアスペルギルス・オリ
ゼー(Aspergillus  oryzae) 、
ほかアスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus
  nigcr ) 、アスペルギルス・ウリーミ(A
spergillus  usamii)、アスペルギ
ルス・サイ1〜イ(Asr+ergillus  5a
it01)、アスペルギルス・】71ノ七り〈△spc
rg i l lusawamori )等の菌株を蒸
米に接種して米麹を製造し、その米麹中に含まれる[1
イシン酸吊を求め、[1イシンll!2住成吊の高いも
のを選択すればよい。 例えば、本発明者にJ、って選別された)′スベルギル
ス・オリゼー吟香(Aspergillus  ory
zae  ginka )が好適である。 こうして製造された米麹中には、蒸米中のロイシン、バ
リン等のア、ミノ耐がアスペルギルス属に属する菌株に
よって有機酸に転化され、ロイシン酸、バリン酸等の多
量の有機酸が含まれている。 因みに、アスペルギルス・オリゼー吟香を用いた場合に
は、25〜35 ppmものロイシン酸が含まれている
。 次に、この麹に蒸米、水、酵ill (S accha
romyces  cerevisiae) 、必要に
応じて乳酸を添加し、醗酵さけて酒母を形成づる。さら
に、この酒母に蒸米、麹、水を添加してもろみを形成し
、醗酵を行う。このもろみにおいて、蒸米、麹、水の添
加は、周知の如く補添、仲添、留添と三回程麿に分(プ
て行うことが好ましい。もろみにおける醗酵中に、麹中
に含まれるロイシン酸、バリン酸等の有機酸は酵/(l
によってエステル化を受(プ、ロイシン酎1チル、バリ
ン酸エチル等の有機酸エチルに変換される。醗酵が終了
したら、従来の工程に従って一1ニ槽し圧搾して粕を分
tllIt tl、滓引ぎして清澄化さけ、火入れを行
って製品とする。 こうして製造された清酒は、ロイシン酸エチル、バリン
酸エチル等の有機酸エチルを多量に含み、これらの有機
酸エチルは揮発性であって、清酒に好ましい香気を与え
る。例えばアスペルギルス・オリゼー吟香を用いた場合
には、清酒中に含まれる【]イシン酸エヂルの量は5〜
10111)Illに達し、従来方法によって製造され
た清酒の5〜10倍の1iとなる。また本発明において
は、原利処即や醗酵管理は従来の方法通りでよい。 次に本発明の詳細な説明する。 実施例 200m l容の三角フラスコに蒸米20(lを入れ、
これに種々の供試麹菌株を接種して培養し、米麹を作成
した。この米?m10!l]を5Qmlのエチルエーテ
ルで抽出して、さらに、抽出液よりエーテルを駆出して
抽出淵柑i物を得た。この抽出濃縮物をカルボン酸自動
分析81(盛進製薬株式会ネ]製、商品名S−500型
)で分析し、米麹中に含まれるロイシン酸量を求めた。 結果を第1表(こ示ず。 第1表から明らかなように、本発明者によって見出され
たアスペルギルス・オリげ一吟香は、ロイシン酸の生成
能が極め−C高いことがわかる。 次に、吟香によって作られた米麹と、市販A株によって
作られ1=米麹の酵素力価を測定した。結果を第2表に
示す。 (ただし、第2表において、α−アミ−ノーげはWoh
lgemuth  value 、グルコアミラーゼは
glucose  mg/ l)/ /+、 O℃/麹
1g、酸性プロテアーゼはチロシンγi/h/40℃/
′I!11qを表す。)第2表から明らかなように、ア
スペルギルス・オリげ一吟香は、市販の種麹菌と同様な
酵素生成能を右づ−ることがわかる。 次に、7スペルキルス・オリf2− 吟香を用いた米麹
により第3表に示す仕込配合で酵母を添加し醗酵させて
清酒を製造した。同様にして、市販Δ株を用いた米麹に
より第4表に示す仕込配合で酵/JJを添加し醗酵ざゼ
て清酒を製造した。 こう]ノでできた清酒の成分分析結果を第5表に示”t
。 第5表から明らかなように、種麹吟香を用いた清酒は、
市販の種麹△株を用いた清酒どほぼ同様4cm般成分合
イ1するが、清酒香気を強く放つロイシン酸エチルの含
有量は約6倍の((tlを示すことがわかる。 次にこの二つの清酒につき、15名のパネラ−を使って
清酒香気の強弱について 酒(官能評価)を行った。そ
の結果を第6表に示づ。 第6表から明1うかなように、15名のパネラ−全員が
種麹吟香を用いた本発明の清酒の方が高い香気を持つも
のであることを認めた。 以上説明したように、本発明によれば、アスペルギルス
属に属し、アミノ酸より有機酸を生成する能力の強い菌
株を用いた原料中の一ノアミノ酸をfj機酸に転化し、
脈石)幾酸を酵母による醗酵]−程中にエブルン丁スi
ルに変194りるJ、うにしたので、1^酒中に含まれ
るローでシン酸エチル、バリン酸1チル等の有1j、l
t 酸エチルのfitを増加ざlることができ、この香
気成分によって清酒の香気を著しく増強することができ
る。イして、本発明におい−Cは、原料管理や醗酵管理
を特に厳重に行う必要はなく、通常の製造1稈に従って
行えばJ、いので、従来の吟醸酒に比べて生産コス1〜
も低くすることができる。 第  1  表 第  3  表 第  4  表 第5表 第  6  表
['] Amino acids such as isine and valine may be specially added to enhance the strength. In the present invention, a5, a strain that belongs to the genus Aspergillus and has a strong ability to produce organic acids from amino acids means, for example, a strain that produces 20 ppmj of leucinic acid in the produced koji. In the process of the present invention, screening was conducted using 126 strains of koji mold for sake brewing (Akita Konno Shoten stock), and 20 strains were selected from 5 strains.
111) Two leucine acid-producing strains were obtained, but the other one
21 strains had only 5 ppn+ or less. Therefore, this 5
The strain was made into a leucic acid strong <1 strain. Such strains include Aspergillus oryzae, which is conventionally used in the production of koji.
Other Aspergillus niger
nigcr), Aspergillus urimi (A
spergillus usamii), Aspergillus rhinoceros 1 to 1 (Asr+ergillus 5a)
it01), Aspergillus・】71 no sevenri〈△spc
Rice malt is produced by inoculating steamed rice with bacterial strains such as R.
Find the isic acid suspension, [1 isic acid! 2. Choose one with a high level of success. For example, Aspergillus oryzae was selected by the inventor as J.
zae ginka) is preferred. The rice malt produced in this way contains a large amount of organic acids such as leucine and valine, which are obtained by converting the amino acids such as leucine and valine in the steamed rice into organic acids by a strain belonging to the Aspergillus genus. There is. Incidentally, when Aspergillus oryzae Ginko is used, it contains 25 to 35 ppm of leucinic acid. Next, add steamed rice, water, and fermented rice to this koji.
romyces cerevisiae), lactic acid is added as necessary to avoid fermentation and form sake mash. Furthermore, steamed rice, koji, and water are added to this mash to form mash, which is then fermented. In this mash, it is preferable to add steamed rice, koji, and water in three stages: supplementary addition, nakazoe, and tomesoe.During fermentation in the mash, leucine contained in the koji Organic acids such as acid and valic acid are
The fermentation process is esterified into ethyl leucine, ethyl valate, and other organic acids. After fermentation is complete, the fermentation is carried out in 11 tanks according to the conventional process, and the lees are separated by pressing. The sake is pulled, clarified, and pasteurized to produce a product. The sake produced in this way contains large amounts of organic ethyl acids such as ethyl leucinate and ethyl valate, and these organic ethyl acids are volatile. gives a desirable aroma to sake. For example, when Aspergillus oryzae Ginko is used, the amount of edyl isinate contained in the sake is 5 to 5.
10111) Ill, which is 1i which is 5 to 10 times that of sake produced by conventional methods. Further, in the present invention, the raw material processing and fermentation management may be carried out in the same manner as conventional methods. Next, the present invention will be explained in detail. Example 2 Put 20 liters of steamed rice into a 200ml Erlenmeyer flask,
This was inoculated with various test koji strains and cultured to prepare rice koji. This rice? m10! 1] was extracted with 5 Qml of ethyl ether, and the ether was further expelled from the extract to obtain an extracted citrate. This extracted concentrate was analyzed by carboxylic acid automatic analysis 81 (manufactured by Seishin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., trade name S-500 model) to determine the amount of leucine acid contained in the rice malt. The results are shown in Table 1 (not shown). As is clear from Table 1, Aspergillus orige Ichiginka, which was discovered by the present inventor, has an extremely high -C production ability for leucinic acid.Next The enzyme titers of rice koji made by Ginko and 1 = rice koji made by commercially available strain A were measured.The results are shown in Table 2. (However, in Table 2, α-amino Geha Woh
lgemuth value, glucoamylase is glucose mg/l)//+, O℃/1g of koji, acidic protease is tyrosine γi/h/40℃/
'I! Represents 11q. ) As is clear from Table 2, Aspergillus orige Ichiginka has the same enzyme-producing ability as commercially available seed koji mold. Next, yeast was added and fermented using rice malt using 7 Spercyrus ori f2-Ginka according to the formulation shown in Table 3 to produce sake. Similarly, sake was produced by fermentation using rice malt using the commercially available Δ strain and adding Ko/JJ according to the formulation shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows the results of component analysis of sake made from
. As is clear from Table 5, sake made using Tanekoji Ginko is
Sake made using commercially available seed koji strain △ has a general composition of about 4 cm (4 cm), but the content of ethyl leucinate, which gives off a strong sake aroma, is about 6 times higher ((tl). For the two sakes, 15 panelists conducted a sensory evaluation on the strength and weakness of the sake aroma.The results are shown in Table 6.As can be seen from Table 6, the 15 panelists All the panelists agreed that the sake of the present invention using seed koji ginko had a higher aroma. Converting the monoamino acids in the raw materials into fj organic acids using a bacterial strain with a strong ability to produce acids,
Gangue) fermentation of acid with yeast]
194 Riru J, since it was a sea urchin, the presence of ethyl sinate, 1 tyl valate, etc. contained in alcoholic beverages 1j, l
The fit of ethyl tate can be increased, and this aroma component can significantly enhance the aroma of sake. Therefore, in the present invention, -C does not require particularly strict management of raw materials or fermentation, and if carried out according to the normal production method, it will be J, so the production cost is 1 to 10% compared to conventional Ginjoshu.
can also be lowered. Table 1 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1) アスペルギルス属に属しアミノ酸より有m酸を
生成する能力の強い菌株を選別し、その選別した菌株を
用いて原料中の蛋白分解アミノ酸もしくはアミノ酸を有
機酸に転化し、該有Il1wJを酵母ににる醗酢工稈中
に1チルエステルに変換することを特徴どする清酒の香
気増強方法。
(1) Select a strain that belongs to the genus Aspergillus and has a strong ability to produce m-acid from amino acids, use the selected strain to convert proteolytic amino acids or amino acids in the raw material into organic acids, and convert the Il1wJ into yeast. A method for enhancing the aroma of sake, which is characterized by converting Niniru vinegar into 1-thyl ester.
(2) 前記アミノ酸はロイシン、バリンである特許請
求の範囲第1項記載の清酒の香気増強方法。
(2) The method for enhancing the aroma of sake according to claim 1, wherein the amino acids are leucine and valine.
JP58102798A 1983-06-10 1983-06-10 Enriching of flavor of refined sake Granted JPS59227291A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58102798A JPS59227291A (en) 1983-06-10 1983-06-10 Enriching of flavor of refined sake

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58102798A JPS59227291A (en) 1983-06-10 1983-06-10 Enriching of flavor of refined sake

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59227291A true JPS59227291A (en) 1984-12-20
JPS6352875B2 JPS6352875B2 (en) 1988-10-20

Family

ID=14337095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58102798A Granted JPS59227291A (en) 1983-06-10 1983-06-10 Enriching of flavor of refined sake

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59227291A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4657862A (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-04-14 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Preparation of naturally-occurring C2-C5 alkyl esters of C4-C5 carboxylic acids by means of fermentation of C5-C6 amino acids in the presence of C2-C5 alcohols
JP2015195771A (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-11-09 学校法人 名城大学 Protein having leucine acid production activity and use thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5758879A (en) * 1980-05-30 1982-04-08 Niigataken Preparation of refined sake using fungus capable of producing citric acid
JPS5878577A (en) * 1982-10-18 1983-05-12 Niigataken Preparation of refined sake(liquor) with refreshing feeling

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5758879A (en) * 1980-05-30 1982-04-08 Niigataken Preparation of refined sake using fungus capable of producing citric acid
JPS5878577A (en) * 1982-10-18 1983-05-12 Niigataken Preparation of refined sake(liquor) with refreshing feeling

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4657862A (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-04-14 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Preparation of naturally-occurring C2-C5 alkyl esters of C4-C5 carboxylic acids by means of fermentation of C5-C6 amino acids in the presence of C2-C5 alcohols
JP2015195771A (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-11-09 学校法人 名城大学 Protein having leucine acid production activity and use thereof

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JPS6352875B2 (en) 1988-10-20

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