JPS59218405A - Fiber for transmission of light energy - Google Patents

Fiber for transmission of light energy

Info

Publication number
JPS59218405A
JPS59218405A JP58092312A JP9231283A JPS59218405A JP S59218405 A JPS59218405 A JP S59218405A JP 58092312 A JP58092312 A JP 58092312A JP 9231283 A JP9231283 A JP 9231283A JP S59218405 A JPS59218405 A JP S59218405A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fiber
film
refractive index
energy transmission
reflectance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP58092312A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH058403B2 (en
Inventor
Noriyuki Ashida
葭田 典之
Kenichi Takahashi
謙一 高橋
Kazuhito Murakami
村上 一仁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority to JP58092312A priority Critical patent/JPS59218405A/en
Publication of JPS59218405A publication Critical patent/JPS59218405A/en
Publication of JPH058403B2 publication Critical patent/JPH058403B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/102Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type for infrared and ultraviolet radiation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/02Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/241Light guide terminations

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve transmission efficiency of energy by forming a reflection preventive film on the end face of a fiber. CONSTITUTION:A reflection preventive film 2 is formed on the input end face or both input and output end faces of an optical fiber 1. The material for the film 2 is selected in the following way: If a thin film M having a refractive index n1 and thickness d1 exists between air A (refractive index 1) and a medium B having a refractive index (n), the film having the thickness d1 consisting of a material having the refractive index n1=n1/2 is provided on the medium surface having the refractive index (n), by which the reflectivity of the light to be made incident perpendicularly to the fiber is made 0. The material for the crystalline fiber for transmitting light energy is selected from AgCl, AgBr, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsBr or CsI, etc. and NaF, BaF2, CaF2, KBr, KCl or NaCl is used for the reflection preventive film.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はAr  ガスレーザ、Nd : YAGレーザ
、C02ガスレーザ等のエネルギー伝送用に用いられる
ファイバーにおいて、その入出力端面の反射を防止する
ことによシ、光エネルギーの伝送効率を向上させたファ
イバーに関するものであるO 近年、医療機器の分野においてレーザ、特にCO2レー
ザの熱エネルギーの利用が盛んになってきておシ、その
エネルギー伝送路として結晶ファイバーが使われ始めて
いる。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention improves optical energy transmission efficiency by preventing reflection at the input and output end faces of fibers used for energy transmission such as Ar gas lasers, Nd:YAG lasers, and CO2 gas lasers. In recent years, the use of thermal energy from lasers, especially CO2 lasers, has become popular in the field of medical equipment, and crystal fibers have begun to be used as energy transmission paths.

しかしながら、赤外透過材料であ。るタリウムハライド
、アルカリノ・ライド、銀ノ・ライドはいづれも、C0
2レーザの波長10.6μmにおいて反射率が高く、両
面の反射を合わせて、10%から20q6に達する0こ
のため、この種のファイバーの伝送効率を向上させるた
めには、ファイバ一端面の反射を減少させることが重要
である0 本発明の目的は、この種のファイバーの端面に反射防止
膜を施こすことにより反射を減少させて、エネルギーの
伝送効率を向上させることにある。
However, it is an infrared transparent material. Thallium halide, alkalinolide, and silveride all have C0
2 The reflectance is high at the laser wavelength of 10.6 μm, and the reflection from both sides reaches 10% to 20q60. Therefore, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of this type of fiber, it is necessary to reduce the reflection at one end of the fiber. It is important to reduce 0.An object of the present invention is to reduce reflection by applying an antireflection coating to the end face of this type of fiber, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency.

反射防止膜は光ファイバーの入力端面あるいは入出力両
端面に一層〜多層に形成するが、反射防止膜の材料の選
定は次のようにして行なう。
The antireflection film is formed in one to multiple layers on the input end face or both input and output end faces of the optical fiber, and the material for the antireflection film is selected as follows.

(1)単層反射防止膜の場合 一般に、第1図に示すように空気A(屈折率1)と屈折
率nの媒質Bの間に、屈折率nl。
(1) In the case of a single-layer antireflection film, generally, as shown in FIG. 1, there is a refractive index nl between air A (with a refractive index of 1) and a medium B with a refractive index of n.

厚さdl  の薄膜Mが存在する場合、空気側から境界
面に垂直に入射する光の反射率Rは次のように表わされ
る〔神山等編、「薄膜工学−・ンドプツク」(オーム社
)〕。
When a thin film M with a thickness dl exists, the reflectance R of light incident perpendicularly to the boundary surface from the air side is expressed as follows [edited by Kamiyama et al., "Thin Film Engineering - Ndoptsuk" (Ohmsha)] .

λ:入射する光の波長 これから  nl =V−1−■ なる屈折率を有する材料からなるd、  の厚さの膜を
屈折率nの媒質表面上に−設けることによって垂直に入
射する光の反射率FiOとなる。
λ: Wavelength of incident light From here on, by providing a film with a thickness of d made of a material with a refractive index of nl = V-1-■ on the surface of a medium with a refractive index of n, reflection of vertically incident light can be achieved. The rate is FiO.

反射防止膜はCO2レーザ等使用レーザの波長において
、上記波長の光に対する屈折率が、ファイバーの拐料の
該波長の光に対する屈折率の平方根に近いものを材料と
して選ぶのが好ましい。
It is preferable to select a material for the antireflection film whose refractive index for light at the wavelength of the laser used, such as a CO2 laser, is close to the square root of the refractive index of the fiber material for light at the wavelength.

ファイバーの材料の波長10.6μmnの光に対する屈
折率nおよびその平方根を第1表に示す。
Table 1 shows the refractive index n of the fiber material for light having a wavelength of 10.6 μm and its square root.

第   1   表 KH2−5:  TtI  とTtBrの混晶KR8−
6二 TlBrとTtClの混晶一方、反射防止膜材料
として用い得るものの屈折率n1  を第2表に示す。
Table 1 KH2-5: Mixed crystal of TtI and TtBr KR8-
Table 2 shows the refractive index n1 of a mixed crystal of TlBr and TtCl that can be used as an antireflection film material.

第   2   表 反射防止膜の厚さは前記0式にしたがって適宜法められ
るが、およそ1.5〜2.5μmの範囲である。
The thickness of the second anti-reflection film is determined as appropriate according to the above formula 0, and is approximately in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 μm.

次にファイバと反射防止膜の組合せによる反射の軽減の
結果を第4表に示す。
Next, Table 4 shows the results of reducing reflection by the combination of fiber and antireflection film.

第   4   表 AyCl      10.’8    NaF   
  2.2    ’   2BaF2     1.
9      0CaF2     2.05    
 0.5KBr      1.70     4.0
KC61,852,0 NaC41,783,O Ay Br       13.6    BaF2 
   1.9     2.0CaF2     2.
05     0.2NaF       1,75 
    0KBr      2.2      3.
5kyBf、 KH2−6KBr     1.70 
   1.0kyBr、 KH26NaC11,780
,5KR8−516,5KBr      1.75 
    0BaF2     1.9      1C
aF2     2.05     2.5NaC61
,763+0 KC11,831,Q NaF       2.20     2.0CsI
       7.5    NaF     2.2
    0.7CaF2   2,05   0.5 BaF2     1.90     3.2KBr 
     2.20     4+5KC11,834
,8 NaC61,765,1 CnBr         6.2      NaF
       2.20      2.0NaC11
,805,l CaF2     2.10     2.0BaF2
     1.90     3.1KC11,854
,5 KBr      1.71     4+8以上のこ
とから判るように、単層の反射防止膜では、媒質の屈折
率の平方根に等しい材料を選んで薄膜を形成しなければ
反射率を0とし得ないが、現実にはそのような材料が存
在しないため反射率は減少しても0とはな勺・得ない。
Table 4 AyCl 10. '8 NaF
2.2' 2BaF2 1.
9 0CaF2 2.05
0.5KBr 1.70 4.0
KC61,852,0 NaC41,783,O Ay Br 13.6 BaF2
1.9 2.0CaF2 2.
05 0.2NaF 1,75
0KBr 2.2 3.
5kyBf, KH2-6KBr 1.70
1.0kyBr, KH26NaC11,780
,5KR8-516,5KBr 1.75
0BaF2 1.9 1C
aF2 2.05 2.5NaC61
,763+0 KC11,831,Q NaF 2.20 2.0CsI
7.5 NaF 2.2
0.7CaF2 2,05 0.5 BaF2 1.90 3.2KBr
2.20 4+5KC11,834
,8 NaC61,765,1 CnBr 6.2 NaF
2.20 2.0NaC11
,805,l CaF2 2.10 2.0BaF2
1.90 3.1KC11,854
, 5 KBr 1.71 4+8 As can be seen from the above, in a single-layer antireflection film, the reflectance cannot be reduced to 0 unless a thin film is formed by selecting a material equal to the square root of the refractive index of the medium. In reality, such a material does not exist, so even if the reflectance decreases, it does not become zero.

そこで屈折率の異なる2層以上の多層反射防止膜を膜厚
を適宜組合せて設ければ、反射率を0とすることもでき
、好適である。
Therefore, if two or more multilayer antireflection films with different refractive indexes are provided with appropriate combinations of film thicknesses, the reflectance can be set to 0, which is preferable.

(2)2層反射防止膜の場合 次に2層反射防止膜についで詳細に説明する。第2図に
示すように膜が2層で、外層膜M2  の屈折率を・n
2、 内層膜M、  の屈折率をnlqそれぞh、の厚
さをa2.al  とするとき、薄膜材料にその屈折率
が第3図の斜線部の範囲内にあるような材料を選ぶこと
によって、空気側から垂直入射する光の反射率を0にし
得ることが一般に知られている( Luther B。
(2) Case of two-layer anti-reflection film Next, the two-layer anti-reflection film will be explained in detail. As shown in Figure 2, there are two layers, and the refractive index of the outer layer M2 is ・n
2. The refractive index of the inner layer M is nlq h, and the thickness of the inner film M is a2. It is generally known that the reflectance of vertically incident light from the air side can be reduced to 0 by selecting a thin film material whose refractive index falls within the shaded area in Figure 3. (Luther B.

Lockhart、  Jr、 & P、 King:
、 J、、 Opt+8oc。
Lockhart, Jr. & P. King:
, J., Opt+8oc.

Am、  37. 689  (1947) )このと
きの反射率Rは であり、各膜厚(11,(12を適当に選ぶことによっ
て反射率は0となる。
Am, 37. 689 (1947)) The reflectance R at this time is, and by appropriately selecting each film thickness (11, (12)), the reflectance becomes 0.

2層反射防止コーティングについて具体的ファイバ材料
に対して反射率がセロとな、り得る組合わせを選定する
と次のようになる0反射率がゼロとなる時の膜厚は弐〇
によって計算される。
Regarding the two-layer anti-reflection coating, if you select a combination that allows the reflectance to be zero for a specific fiber material, it will be as follows: 0 The film thickness when the reflectance is zero is calculated by 2〇. .

第   5   表 KH2−5,KH2−6,PI)F2゜ZnS、 Zn
5e kyBr、    CaF2. BaF2. NaF、
        同   上KR8−6KCl KH2−5CaF2.BaF2.NaF、      
 同   上KCI、 NaCt CaI    CaF2              
 同   上その他の組合せにおいては反射率を0とす
ることはできないが、適当に膜厚を設定することによっ
て反射率を減少させる効果を与えることができる。
Table 5 KH2-5, KH2-6, PI) F2゜ZnS, Zn
5e kyBr, CaF2. BaF2. NaF,
Same as above KR8-6KCl KH2-5CaF2. BaF2. NaF,
Same as above KCI, NaCt CaI CaF2
Although the reflectance cannot be made zero in the above and other combinations, it is possible to reduce the reflectance by appropriately setting the film thickness.

ここに述べた、二層の反射防止膜では第一層としてK(
J、 KBr、 NaCL等のように比較的水分に対し
て安定でない材料をky CL、  Ay Br 。
In the two-layer antireflection film described here, the first layer is K(
ky CL, Ay Br for materials that are relatively unstable to moisture, such as J, KBr, NaCL, etc.

PbF2. ZnS、 Zn5e、 Ge  等のよう
に比較的水分に対して安定な膜でおおうため一層コーテ
ィングよりも安定な構造となり、経時変化の小さい膜と
なる。
PbF2. Since it is covered with a film such as ZnS, Zn5e, Ge, etc. that is relatively stable against moisture, it has a more stable structure than a single-layer coating, and the film changes little over time.

反射防止膜を設ける方法としては、駅スパッタ法、イオ
ンブレーティング法、真空蒸着法等を挙けることができ
る。
Examples of the method for providing the antireflection film include a stationary sputtering method, an ion blating method, and a vacuum evaporation method.

本発明の光エネルギー伝送用ファイバーの具体的態様を
図面を用いて説明する。
Specific embodiments of the optical energy transmission fiber of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第4図は直径1MのkyBrファイバー1の端面に一層
の反射防止膜2を設けたものである。反射防止膜材料と
しては、BaF2  およびCaF2  を選ひ、膜厚
は前記0式から、BaF2の場合1.9 μm %  
CaF2  の場合2.05 、pmとした。
FIG. 4 shows a kyBr fiber 1 having a diameter of 1M with a single layer of anti-reflection coating 2 provided on the end face. BaF2 and CaF2 were selected as antireflection film materials, and the film thickness was 1.9 μm% for BaF2 from the formula 0 above.
In the case of CaF2, it was set to 2.05, pm.

反射防止膜をつけない場合、その端面での反射率は10
.6μmの波長の光に対して13.6チであるが上記の
薄膜を設けることにょシ反射率はBaF2の場合2.0
%、CaF2  の場合0.2係に減少する。
If no anti-reflection film is applied, the reflectance at the end face is 10
.. For light with a wavelength of 6 μm, the reflectance is 13.6, but by providing the above thin film, the reflectance is 2.0 in the case of BaF2.
%, in the case of CaF2 it decreases to a factor of 0.2.

第5図は本発明の他の実施例であり、1は直径1咽のA
pBrファイバー、3はその端面にコートされた二層の
反射防止膜である薄膜の材料は内層膜としてBaF2.
 KCA外層膜としてkyBrを選ぶ。10,6μmの
波長の光に対する各膜材料の屈折率はBaF2 1.4
0.  KCtl、45.  AyBr  Ll 7で
あり、BaF2− AyBr。
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a diameter of 1 throat.
pBr fiber, 3 is a two-layer anti-reflection coating coated on its end face.The thin film material is BaF2.3 as an inner layer film.
kyBr is selected as the KCA outer layer membrane. The refractive index of each film material for light with a wavelength of 10.6 μm is BaF2 1.4
0. KCtl, 45. AyBr Ll 7 and BaF2-AyBr.

KCl−ky Br  の二層の組合せを第3図と同様
の図に点をとると第7図のようになシ、ある二層の膜厚
に関して反射率がUとなシうることかわかる。BaFz
 −AfBr  膜の場合、6々の膜厚が1.89.7
1.2.44 μmの時にまたKCl−Ay Br  
膜の場合者々’−8211m 、  2−44μmの時
に反射率が0となる。
If a combination of two layers of KCl-ky Br is plotted on a diagram similar to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the reflectance can be U for a certain thickness of the two layers, as shown in FIG. 7. BaFz
- In the case of AfBr film, the thickness of each film is 1.89.7
At 1.2.44 μm, KCl-Ay Br
In the case of a film, the reflectance becomes 0 when the thickness is -8211 m and 2-44 μm.

上記二つの具体例におい1フアイバー〇もう一方の端面
にも同様の反射防止膜を設けてもよいことはもちろんで
ある。
Of course, in the above two specific examples, a similar antireflection film may be provided on the other end face of each fiber.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は空気と媒質の間に、それらと屈折率の異なる薄
膜を単層に設けた図であり、第2図は薄膜を2層に設け
た図であシ、第3図は第2図の場合において光の反射率
を0とし得る範囲を示す図である。第4,5図は、本発
明の光エネルギー伝送用ファイバーの具体例を示す図で
ある。第6図は本発明の実施例における、光の反射率を
0とし得る範囲を示す図である0代理人  内  1)
   明 代理人  萩  原  亮  −
Figure 1 shows a single layer of a thin film with a different refractive index between air and a medium, Figure 2 shows a two-layer thin film, and Figure 3 shows a two-layer thin film. It is a figure which shows the range in which the reflectance of light can be set to 0 in the case of a figure. FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing specific examples of optical energy transmission fibers of the present invention. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the range in which the light reflectance can be set to 0 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Akira agent Ryo Hagiwara −

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)光エネルギー伝送用結晶質7アイ、ノミにおいて
、その端面に反射防止膜を有することを特徴とする光エ
ネルギー伝送用ファイバー。
(1) A fiber for optical energy transmission, characterized in that it is a crystalline 7-eye fiber for optical energy transmission, and has an antireflection coating on its end face.
(2)光エネルギー伝送用結晶質ファイバーがkyCl
、 AfBr、 KH2−5、K、R8−6、Cs B
r またはCeI等の材料からなシ、NaF、 BaF
2、CaF2、KBr、 KCI  またはNa CL
からなる膜をその端面に一層設ける特許請求の範囲(1
)の光エネルギー伝送用ファイバー。
(2) Crystalline fiber for optical energy transmission is kyCl
, AfBr, KH2-5, K, R8-6, Cs B
r or from materials such as CeI, NaF, BaF
2. CaF2, KBr, KCI or Na CL
Claims (1) in which a film consisting of
) optical energy transmission fiber.
(3)光エネルギー伝送用結晶質ファイバーがAyct
、 kyB’r、  KH2−5、KH2−6、CsB
rまたはCsI等の材料からなシ、第一層としてNaF
、BaF2、CaF2、KBr、  KCL またはN
aC1の膜を第二層としてCsI、CeBr、 kyc
Ls AyBr、 KH2−5、KH2−6、PI)F
2、−ZtIS%znSθまたは(至)の膜をその端面
に二層設ける特許請求の範囲(1)の光エネルギー伝送
用ファイバー〇
(3) Ayct is a crystalline fiber for optical energy transmission.
, kyB'r, KH2-5, KH2-6, CsB
NaF as the first layer.
, BaF2, CaF2, KBr, KCL or N
CsI, CeBr, kyc using aC1 film as the second layer
Ls AyBr, KH2-5, KH2-6, PI)F
2. The fiber for optical energy transmission according to claim (1), which has two layers of -ZtIS%znSθ or (to) on its end face.
JP58092312A 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Fiber for transmission of light energy Granted JPS59218405A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58092312A JPS59218405A (en) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Fiber for transmission of light energy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58092312A JPS59218405A (en) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Fiber for transmission of light energy

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59218405A true JPS59218405A (en) 1984-12-08
JPH058403B2 JPH058403B2 (en) 1993-02-02

Family

ID=14050877

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58092312A Granted JPS59218405A (en) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Fiber for transmission of light energy

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59218405A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0234233A2 (en) * 1986-01-18 1987-09-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited High power optical fiber
JP2007293228A (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-11-08 Fujifilm Corp Optical device, optical member and light guide

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53105242A (en) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Optical fiber
JPS5424650A (en) * 1977-07-26 1979-02-24 Canon Inc Optical system
JPS5569106A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-24 Ricoh Co Ltd Focusing type optical transmission body
JPS5593101A (en) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-15 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Reflection preventive film
JPS58160901A (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Optical fiber for infrared ray
JPS59133506A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-07-31 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Optical quartz fiber for transmitting laser light
JPS59147301A (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Reflection preventing film for optical fiber

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53105242A (en) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Optical fiber
JPS5424650A (en) * 1977-07-26 1979-02-24 Canon Inc Optical system
JPS5569106A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-24 Ricoh Co Ltd Focusing type optical transmission body
JPS5593101A (en) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-15 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Reflection preventive film
JPS58160901A (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Optical fiber for infrared ray
JPS59133506A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-07-31 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Optical quartz fiber for transmitting laser light
JPS59147301A (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Reflection preventing film for optical fiber

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0234233A2 (en) * 1986-01-18 1987-09-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited High power optical fiber
EP0426203A2 (en) * 1986-01-18 1991-05-08 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited High power optical fiber
JP2007293228A (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-11-08 Fujifilm Corp Optical device, optical member and light guide
TWI422884B (en) * 2005-11-02 2014-01-11 Fujifilm Corp Optical device having connections with optical members through protective medium

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