JPS59213695A - Continuously composting device for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] A continuous composting device for organic waste comprising a vertical fermenter having an inlet and an outlet at the bottom for producing a primary fermented product of mixed raw materials. There are fermentation methods and multi-stage fermentation methods. In the conventional one-stage fermentation method, unconventional waste is layered in a nodal tank during the primary fermentation period, and the waste is fermented and composted. Not only is it limited to the surface of the fermenter, but also new cold raw materials are introduced onto the surface of the raw material that has reached a temperature of 2. The moisture contained in the high-temperature air comes into contact with the cold raw material, condenses, and returns to the raw material, preventing smooth removal of the moisture. In addition, in this method, the raw materials are piled up in the fermenter during the fermentation period, so if the raw materials added every day do not ferment well, they will be compressed by the upper raw materials as they move to the lower part of the fermenter. The air may not flow uniformly, resulting in uneven flow, which may result in the inability to obtain a uniform product.

In addition, in a conventional multi-stage fermentation system, for example, as shown in FIG. It is equipped with an agitation or turning device having a rotating scraping plate 6, so that the fermented organic waste is turned and taken out sequentially from the upper stage to the lower stage -\ and finally to the screw conveyor 7 as compost. It has become. In the case of continuous operation, the day's raw materials are loaded after a space for raw materials is created on the top stage. Since this device has a large turning device 6 extending from the center of the fermenter to the peripheral wall in each column, the structure is complicated and the fermenter becomes large, which not only increases costs but also causes maintenance problems. In addition, in this equipment, the fermentation process is carried out every day during the fermentation period, which destroys the environment in which microorganisms are active. Since composting is done every day, there are drawbacks such as having a negative impact on microbial activity and, therefore, on the composting process.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve the problems of air permeability and condensed moisture of the conventional single-stage fermentation system, and to avoid the complicated mechanism of the multi-stage fermentation system and to avoid destroying the atmosphere in which microorganisms are active. An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical continuous composting device for organic waste.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an endless belt of porous plates on the top of the fermenter. k lf It is sufficient to provide at least one fermentation side which is horizontally and movably stretched.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Below, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows a vertical type composting apparatus for mechanical waste according to the present invention, which has two tiers. An input port 11 for mixed raw materials is provided at the top of the square fermenter 10 . According to the present invention, by suspending the porous plate end 1/svelte 12 on the upper part of the fermentation tank 10 so as to be movable in the horizontal force direction by means of two rolls 13. Side A is configured. On this fermentation side A, the raw material introduced from the input port 11 is placed without being turned over for 3 to 4 days during the initial fermentation period when the fermentation activity is most active. "Endless Belt 12"
Between the two-way belt portion and the lower belt portion, a plurality of air supply pipes 5 having a large number of ventilation holes protrude across the endless belt 12 and constitute an air supply device. Umbrellas 16 are placed above each of these air supply pipes 15 to protect the ventilation holes. All of the plurality of air supply pipes 15 are connected to a blower (not shown), and air necessary for aerobic fermentation is supplied to the raw material on the endless belt 12 from the vents of the air supply pipes 15. In order to effectively use the air supplied from the air supply pipes 15, it is necessary to install an enclosure 1 so as to surround the plurality of air supply pipes 15 from below.
7 may be provided to direct the supply air below the upper belt portion of the endless belt 12. Also, input port 1
A material height adjusting plate 18 is provided above the endless belt 12 adjacent to the endless belt 12 so that the height of the material deposited on the endless belt 12 can be adjusted.

Below the top fermentation side A, a fermentation side B having a similar structure is arranged at intervals. A chute 19 is provided between the fermentation sides A and B, and a turning device 21 having a rotatable stirring plate 20 is disposed in the middle of the chute 19. 3 without being cut back at all on the top shelf A
The raw material that has been retained for ~4 days is stirred by this switching device 21, and as a result, the upper and lower layers and the middle layer, which was lacking in ventilation, are mixed completely when they were on the top shelf A.

Below the second-stage fermentation side B, a third-stage fermentation side C with a similar structure and short length is arranged to transfer the raw materials to the medium heat at the bottom of the fermenter. Tier shelf 13 and third shelf C
Similarly, a unit 19' and a switching device 21' are provided between them. A similar chute 19'' and a turning device 21'' are further attached to the discharge side of the third shelf C. Note that 18' and 18'' are material height adjusting plates arranged on the second shelf B and the third shelf C, respectively.

In this example, the fermentation side consisting of the endless belt of the porous plate was arranged in three stages A, B, and C, but the fermentation side of the end 1/svelte of the porous plate was arranged in one stage at the top.
The desired purpose can be achieved even if the turning is not carried out during the initial fermentation period of 3 to 4 hours after the input of the raw materials, when the fermentation activity is most active.

The same effect can be achieved by providing the fermentation side A of the endless belt at the top and also providing other means on the fermentation sides B and C of the endless belt.

In the lower part of the square fermentation PIJII Q, for example, three shafts 23 having radially protruding blades 22 are arranged in parallel and rotatably as a discharge device. In the right half section and the left half section, which are divided into two from the center of the axial length, the blades 22 are inclined in the opposite direction with respect to the axis, and when the shaft 23 rotates, the blades 22 are deposited at the bottom of the fermenter. The raw material, 1424, can be transferred from both sides of the shaft to a discharge port (not shown) in the center of each shaft at the bottom of the fermenter. The product falling from the tank bottom outlet is transferred by a screw conveyor 25 disposed along and below the three tank bottom outlets and can be taken out via the outlet 26. In addition, 27 shows a motor with a reduction gear, and 28 shows a partition. Further, at the bottom of the fermentation tank, a plurality of pipes 29 connected to a blower and having a large number of air supply holes are arranged and covered with an umbrella 30. In addition, 31 is fermenter 1
Exhaust air 1 is provided at the top of the fermenter to discharge the used air in the fermenter. 32 indicates an exhaust fan connected to exhaust air 31.

Next, the operation of the device configured in this way will be explained. The raw materials of organic waste are mixed to have uniform properties (moisture, C/N value, and air permeability) suitable for fermentation, and are fed from the upper input port 11 of the fermenter 10 to the top fermentation side A. throw into. The conveyor belt 12 on the fermentation side A is slowly moved in the direction of the arrow during the raw material input period. At this time, the height of the stack of raw stones is adjusted to a constant height by the height adjusting plate 18. The height of this raw material should not be too high or too low.

If the height of the raw material is too thick, air will not be able to pass through to the center of the raw material, and if the height of the raw material is too high, even if the temperature rises, a lot of heat will be radiated, and the high temperature will not be maintained and good fermentation will not be possible. The appropriate layer thickness is 30'0 to 500 mm. When the daily phase input is completed, the movement of the porous plate-like shelf A is stopped.

The next day, at the same time as loading raw material 1, the movement of fermentation side A is started again, and the same operation as on the previous day is carried out, and the raw materials for 3 to 4 days are deposited on the first shelf A'- every day. In this way, unlike the conventional multi-stage fermentation method, renoing is not performed every day, so the initial fermentation on the 3rd to 4th day during which fermentation is most advanced during the residence period in the fermenter is sufficient, without destroying the active atmosphere of microorganisms as described above. It will be held on. After 3 to 4 days of residence on the first shelf A, when the raw stones are transferred to the second shelf B, they are turned over and mixed by the turning device 217, which caused some lack of ventilation. In the middle layer, fermentation can be expected to be promoted in the second and lower shelves. Similarly, raw oil'-1 is allowed to stay on the second shelf 13 for 3 to 4 days, and then transferred to the third shelf C through the turning device 21'.
to be discharged.

In the third shelf C, the raw material is allowed to stay for 1 to 2 days, and then is lowered to the bottom of the fermenter via the switching device 21''.Thus, the first shelf to the third shelf A, B.

During the residence period in C - the main fermentation in the next fermentation progresses, and the moisture in the raw stone is considerably dispersed, resulting in good air permeability. It is sufficient to supply air from below, and the purpose of the next fermentation is achieved! The raw material 24 that has been deposited at the bottom of the fermenter for 5 to 7 days The primary fermentation is completely completed by ventilation from the air supply pipe 29 at the bottom of the fermenter, so the blade 22 of the discharge device installed at the bottom of the fermenter
By rotating the screw conveyor 26, it can be taken out from the outlet 26. Note that in the case of organic waste with good fermentability, three-tiered shelves may be provided as in this example, or at least one shelf may be provided for the purpose of sifting, but in the case of raw materials that require a long fermentation period, This objective can be achieved by providing multiple shelves between the first and last shelves.

In the present invention, the end 1 of the porous plate is placed on the top of the vertical fermenter.
Since at least one fermentation shelf made of svelte is suspended horizontally and movably, the structure is much simpler compared to the conventional multi-stage fermentation system, and the top fermentation shelf is During the initial fermentation period of 3 to 4 days during the primary fermentation period when the fermentation is most advanced, sufficient initial fermentation can be carried out by retaining 1 yen without cutting back to destroy the active atmosphere of microorganisms. . In the present invention, raw oni I is sequentially placed on a fermentation rack consisting of a horizontally movable circular endless belt -F1
Since they can be placed side by side, there is no problem of condensed water caused by stacking raw materials in the conventional one-stage fermentation method, or unbalanced aeration due to compaction, resulting in high-quality compost. can be increased by 14%.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional vertical multi-stage fermenter, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a vertical fermenter according to the present invention. 10...Fermentation tank 11...Inlet 1.2.12
．． '12''...Endless belt 22, 23.25.
...Discharge mechanism 26...Outlet ports A, B, C...Fermentation shelf agent Hikaru Esaki Good agent Hikaru Esaki Support rod 1 Figure 2 Figure 2.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Has an input port for mixed raw materials of organic waste at the top;
Product number 1 that has completed primary fermentation of mixed raw materials in bottom iB
In a continuous composting system for organic waste consisting of a vertical fermenter having a discharge mechanism and an outlet, an endless belt of porous plates is movably stretched almost horizontally over the second part of the fermenter. apparatus which is provided with at least one stage of fermentation tank. (2) A device according to claim 1, wherein a turning device is provided below the endless belt to turn and mix the composted material.
. (3) The device according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply device between an upper belt portion and a lower belt portion of the fermenter consisting of an endless belt. (4) Claim 1, wherein a height adjustment plate is provided above the feed side end of the endless belt of the fermenter.
Apparatus described in section.