JP2000044374A - Device for producing compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compost-producing device capable of being manufactured in a compact size and capable of treating a compost material, while sequentially dropping the treated material on the lower stages according to fermentation processes by vertically arranging compost-treating tanks in many stages. SOLUTION: This device 1 for producing a compost is obtained by disposing a treating tank main body 10 in a housing comprising an outer cover 2 and a heat-insulating layer 3 and arranging treating chambers 12-14 in the treating tank main body 10 through participation members 20-22. The compost is produced by treating a compost material fed into the treating chamber 12, cutting the treated material, simultaneously sequentially dropping the treated and cut material on the lower treating chambers, allowing the heat of compost fermentation to pass through the material by the use of a device 60 for supplying and exhausting a gas, simultaneously fermenting the compost in each treating chamber, and finally taking out the produced compost from the lower discharging chamber 15.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compact and compact compost manufacturing apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus for composting waste such as garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When producing compost using agricultural waste such as rice straw, grain stalks, and mown grass, livestock barn waste and watery vegetables that promote fermentation of the compost material are produced. A method of mixing dust and the like is used. It is also considered effective to periodically spray miscellaneous wastewater or the like during the compost production to supply water required for fermentation. Furthermore, in order to further promote the fermentation of the compost, a large amount of air is also supplied to the inside of the compost layer by using a means such as periodically turning the compost to homogenize the fermentation.
Means that promote the growth of aerobic bacteria and microorganisms are used. However, when using the conventional compost production method, in addition to requiring a relatively long time required for compost fermentation, there is a problem that a relatively large area and equipment for cutting back and the like are required, It is desired to improve the efficiency of compost production.

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it has been disclosed to produce compost using a large compost production tank as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-10-139576. In the conventional compost production apparatus, a large number of perforated ventilation pipes are erected inside the compost tank, and the air that has passed through the compost layer is allowed to flow between the ventilation pipes. A large amount of air is passed through the material to promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms, so that compost can be produced well. Therefore,
In the above-mentioned conventional compost production apparatus, the compost production efficiency can be improved and the fully-ripened compost can be easily obtained without performing the operation of turning back the compost.

[0004]

The above-mentioned conventional compost producing apparatus is configured as a relatively large-sized apparatus, and is suitable for producing a large amount of compost using a large amount of raw materials. However, in general farmers and the like, the amount of waste generated at a time is relatively small, and it is not advisable to use a large-scale device. In addition, not only farmers, but also business establishments with relatively low organic waste emissions, in order to make effective use of waste, it is necessary to efficiently produce compost using small-scale equipment. Have been. Therefore, in order to compost a small amount of waste, it is desired to use a compact, small-scale device that can easily perform the composting operation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and compact device in place of the above-mentioned conventional device, and to provide a device capable of easily composting waste.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing compost. The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention provides a processing tank main body in which a plurality of processing tanks are arranged vertically, and a fermentation process is performed while lowering compost material input from above toward a lower processing tank, and the processing tank. The processing tank is partitioned inside the main body, and a partitioning member having a cutting function and a means for allowing air to flow to the compost material stored inside the processing tank main body are provided. . The invention of claim 2 is
The partition member for partitioning the processing tank inside the processing tank body is 2
The two plate members are provided with a cutting blade, and the upper plate member is provided with a scraping claw projecting upward.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing tank main body in which a plurality of processing tanks made of a porous material are vertically arranged, and an outer cover disposed on the outer surface of the processing tank main body at a constant interval. A heat insulating member disposed on a heat insulating layer provided between the processing tank main body and the outer cover, a perforated central pipe disposed at a central portion of the processing tank main body, and between the processing tank main body and the heat insulating layer. It is characterized by providing a supply / exhaust device for allowing air to flow. The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that an air supply / exhaust device for circulating air to the central pipe and the heat retaining layer is arranged, and the air supply / exhaust device is provided with a combination of a fan and an air processing device. . The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the central pipe, the heat insulation layer, and the air treatment device each contain a porous ceramic mass, and the microorganism used for compost fermentation is added to the ceramic mass. The exhaust gas is processed through the ceramic.

As described above, by composing the compost manufacturing apparatus as a vertical type using a pipe-shaped member,
The apparatus can be configured to be small and compact, and a processing apparatus corresponding to the amount of waste can be easily configured. In addition, by arranging processing tanks in multiple stages in the processing tank body and providing cutting means between each processing tank, it is possible to perform compost fermentation efficiently, and the fully-composted compost discharged from the bottom is finely cut. This makes the subsequent handling easy. Furthermore, when compost fermentation is performed in the treatment tank main body, a large amount of air is circulated in the material to allow the growth of aerobic microorganisms, thereby preventing the growth of anaerobic microorganisms. As a result, it is possible to obtain high-quality compost. Then, by circulating air heated by the heat accumulated in the heat retaining member, it is possible to easily control the temperature of each processing tank and to treat odors and the like with ceramics.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A compost production apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the illustrated example. The example shown in FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a compost production apparatus of the present invention, in which a heat insulating layer 3 having a predetermined thickness is arranged between a cylindrical outer cover 2 and a processing tank main body 10, It is configured as a double pipe-shaped compost production device 1. In the compost manufacturing apparatus 1, the outer cover 2 is formed of an iron pipe having a predetermined diameter, and the treatment tank main body 10 disposed inside the outer cover 2 is formed of, for example, a porous and breathable pipe. Constitute. Inside the processing tank body 10, a first processing chamber 12, a second processing chamber 13, a third processing chamber 14, and a discharge chamber 15 are sequentially arranged from the upper part to the lower part, and the Are provided with partition members 20, 21, and 22 for cutting and mixing. A chute 6 for charging compost material is disposed on the upper part of the compost production apparatus 1, and a charging port 8 is disposed on an upper lid 7 provided on the upper part of the composting apparatus. Open 8

The heat insulating layer 3 disposed between the outer cover 2 and the processing tank main body 10 is provided with a spiral partition member so as to maintain a good heat insulating property inside the heat insulating layer. In order to keep the heat of the compost fermentation inside the tank body, a heat insulating material such as Styrofoam or a ceramic material is inserted. A perforated central pipe 50 is erected on the axis of the processing tank body 10, and a supply / exhaust device 60 is arranged to allow air to flow between the central pipe 50 and the heat retaining layer 3. In addition, a fan 61 and an air processing device 62 are arranged in the air supply / exhaust device 60. When air is blown into the compost material, the central pipe 5
The air sucked from 0 is supplied toward the heat retaining layer 3 by the fan 61 and is ejected from the heat retaining layer 3 to the inside of the processing tank body 10 through the tank wall of the processing tank body 10, so that the compost material is injected into the compost material. Air can be circulated. Further, the heat of the compost fermentation accumulated in the heat insulation layer 3 is sucked using the fan 61, and warm air is blown out from the central pipe toward the inside of the processing chamber. Control) effect.

As shown in FIG. 2, the partition members 20 to 22 which partition the processing chamber inside the processing tank main body 10 each have an upper rotary plate 30 and a lower rotary plate 30 each formed in a substantially disk shape. In combination with the plate 40, the two disk-shaped members are configured to be driven in opposite directions. In two upper rotating plate 30 and lower rotating plate 40 constituting the partition member,
The upper rotating plate 30 forms a gear 32 outside a ring member 31 adapted to the inner diameter of the processing tank main body, and the ring member 31
Are provided with a plurality of bar members 33 at a predetermined interval, and a scraper 35 is provided coaxially with the ring member 31. Then, the scraper 35 is rotatably supported by a central pipe 50 erected on the axis of the processing tank body, and the gear 32 provided on the drive shaft 25 is meshed with the gear 32 to The rotating plate 30 is rotated in one direction.

The lower rotary plate 40 arranged so as to overlap with the upper rotary plate 30 forms a gear 42 outside a ring member 41 adapted to the inner diameter of the processing tank main body. A large number of bar members 43 at predetermined intervals.
And a scraper 45 is provided concentrically with the ring member 41. The scraping claw 45 is rotatably supported by a central pipe 50 erected on the axis of the processing tank main body, and an intermediate gear 28 is provided on a gear 27 provided on the drive shaft 25.
And the lower rotary plate 40 is driven in a direction opposite to the upper rotary plate.

The upper rotary plate 30 and the lower rotary plate 40 which are arranged in parallel with the partition member 20 and rotate in opposite directions,
The cutting action of the compost material is performed at the portions where the respective bar members 33 and 43 slide. For example, when the material deposited on the upper part of the partition member is scraped off by the upper rotating plate and dropped from the gap between the bar members, the material is cut and dropped between the lower bar members. In order to scrape the compost material, in the upper rotary plate 30 arranged above the partition member, a number of scraping claws 35 are arranged so as to protrude toward the bar member 33 and are deposited on the upper portion of the partition member. In a state where the compost material or the material in the middle of fermentation is pressed against the partition member by its own weight, it is scraped off from the lower part of the pile by a scraping claw and supplied to the cutting part. .

The action of cutting the compost material by the two rotating members arranged on the partition member is performed as shown in FIGS. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the scraper 35 protrudes above the bar member 33 of the upper rotary plate 30.
Disturbs the material deposited on the upper part and drops between the bar members 35 by its own weight. And
The bar member 33 is a bar member 43 of the lower lower rotating plate 40.
The cutting action is performed in a state where the material is bitten between the two bar members at the portion where the material is rubbed, and the cut material is deposited in the lower processing chamber.

The bar member disposed on the upper rotary plate 30 and the lower rotary plate 40 may have any shape as long as it has a capability of easily cutting the compost material. it can. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, one having a simple rectangular cross section, or one provided with a cutting blade like the bar members 33a and 43a in FIG. 4 can be used. When the bar member is provided with blades such as scissors, it is preferable to set the interval between the upper and lower blades to be narrow so as to have an arrangement in which the bar slides substantially. However, materials that are being fermented, materials that have been almost fermented, and the like are generally relatively easy to cut, so that when setting the cross-sectional shape of the bar member, they can withstand long-term use. As described above, it is only necessary to aim at durability, and it is often unnecessary to provide a sharp blade or the like.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the above-mentioned compost production apparatus 1, the outer cover 2 constituting the main body is made of an iron pipe, but the processing tank main body 10 has, for example, many fine holes.
A pipe made of a special concrete made of a porous material having air permeability between the inner and outer surfaces can be used. The porous concrete pipe-shaped one, for example, having an inner diameter of 2 m or more, can be easily manufactured in a normal concrete product manufacturing plant, Can be formed using any method so that a number of voids are formed in the concrete plate and the voids penetrate between the inner and outer surfaces of the concrete plate. When manufacturing a pipe-shaped concrete member as the processing tank main body 10, for example, a combination of half-section segments or any other assembling method can be adopted. And, supporting the members such as the partition member disposed inside the processing tank body, providing a drive mechanism and the like for the upper rotary plate and the lower rotary plate constituting the partition member in the processing tank body,
The drive transmission mechanism for the plurality of partition members may be arranged along the outside of the processing tank body.

As shown in FIG. 5, the central pipe 50 erected on the axis of the processing tank main body can supply air to each of the processing chambers defined in the tank for each section. In this case, a perforated pipe made of resin or iron is used. The central pipe 50 is partitioned by providing a partition corresponding to each processing chamber, and the divided pipes 51 to 5 of each section are provided.
3 are connected with small diameter pipes 56 to 58 for ventilation,
Each pipe is connected to the air supply / exhaust device 60 via a valve. The central pipe 50 is loaded with a bulk of ceramics for retaining microorganisms therein and treating odors and the like due to compost fermentation.

As the ceramic mass, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-99291, an inorganic porous material is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature, and a coral or shellfish is used. Heat treatment of porous calcium components such as fossils, magnetic materials, activated carbon, etc.
The polysaccharide is formed into a lump using an adhesive. The molded body is subjected to a magnetic treatment to impart a magnetizing action to the magnetic body, and then heated at a predetermined temperature to produce a ceramic mass. The ceramic mass is immersed in a solution containing components that are nutrients of microorganisms such as polysaccharides, organic acids, and nucleic acid products, and is contained in the fine pores of the mass. Used after drying.

[0019] In addition, aerobic microorganisms, as well as nutrient components of the microorganisms, may be added to the ceramic mass.
For example, microorganisms such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes can be retained. Then, by using the ceramic material configured as described above, by passing the exhaust gas sucked from the processing tank body, the water contained in the exhaust gas is supplied to the ceramics to activate the activity of microorganisms, thereby causing odor and gas. Etc. can be discharged after treatment with microorganisms.
In addition, in addition to being accommodated in the central pipe, the ceramic lump used for the exhaust treatment can be accommodated in an air treatment device of a heat insulating layer or a supply / exhaust device as described later. The processing of the air circulated through the tank main body and the air discharged from the processing tank main body toward the outside air can be performed.

In the above-mentioned compost production apparatus 1, the outer cover 2
In order to maintain good heat retention inside the heat insulation layer and to keep the heat of the compost fermentation inside the treatment tank body, the thermal insulation layer 3 disposed between A heat insulating member or a ceramic material as described above is inserted to form a heat retaining member. Further, air is heated between the heat insulating material filled in the heat insulating layer and the ceramics by passing air through the heat insulating layer and holding the heat insulating member of the heat insulating layer to heat the air. be able to. Then, using the air heated through the heat retaining member, for example, the first processing chamber 1 at the uppermost part of the processing tank body is used.
2. It is possible to perform an action such as adjusting the water content of the garbage thrown into 2. In the compost manufacturing apparatus shown in the present embodiment, a large amount of fermentation heat is generated during the fermentation of compost inside the treatment tank main body. And the drying process of the ripe compost in the third processing chamber 14 can be performed at any time.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an air supply / exhaust device 60 is arranged so that air passing through the compost material accommodated in the treatment tank main body flows between the heat insulation layer 3 and the central pipe 50. The air supply / exhaust device 60 includes a fan 61 and an air processing device 62. A fan 61 and an air treatment device 62 arranged in the air supply / exhaust device 60
Can be set arbitrarily. Apart from the connection shown in the figure, the branch pipes 56 to 58 and the pipe 64 of the heat insulating layer are connected to the fan 61 via valves, respectively, The processing device 62 may be configured to supply exhaust gas to each pipe. Also, the discharge pipe 63
Is disposed via a valve from the air treatment device 62 to the outside air, so that the exhaust of the compost production device is made harmless and then exhausted. When introducing the outside air to the compost production device, the fan 61 On the other hand, a pipe for introducing outside air may be connected.

[0022]

[Embodiment 2] The compost manufacturing apparatus 1 configured as described above
In, the compost material and the microorganisms required for composting are introduced from the chute 6 toward the first processing chamber 12, and are stacked on those already deposited on the partition member 20. Since the newly-supplied compost material is a material containing an excessive amount of water or a material having a small amount of water, the air supply / exhaust device 60 is first operated so that the heat insulating layer 3 Branch air 55
Is supplied to the dividing pipe 51 through the
1 is ejected toward the first processing chamber 12. By controlling the water content and the temperature of the material inside the first processing chamber 12, the microorganisms are proliferated and the composting is promoted.

In the first processing chamber, the first composting is promoted while giving the action of moisture and air supply, and at an appropriate time, the cutting function of the partitioning member 20 is activated, so that the fermented compost which has been half fermented can be obtained. While cutting, it is dropped toward the second processing chamber 13 to perform the second fermentation treatment. The second processing chamber 1
Inside 3, the function of the air supply / exhaust device 60 was used to circulate the air in the tank through the branch pipe 56 and the division pipe 52 to further promote the compost fermentation, and almost fully mature compost was produced. In this state, the wafer is dropped toward the third processing chamber 14 while being cut using the function of the partition member 21, and the processing chamber 1 is cut.
The fermentation of compost within 4 is promoted to produce a fully-ripened compost.
At the time when the ripe compost is produced inside the third processing chamber 14, a large amount of air is supplied to the division pipe 53 via the branch pipe 57, and is stored in the third processing chamber 14. Perform the process of drying the mature ripe compost. After that, the partitioning member 22 is operated to rip the ripe compost into the discharge chamber 1.
5, and is discharged from the apparatus in a state where bagging or the like can be easily performed.

In the air supply / exhaust device 60, in addition to the odor treatment device, a means for separating excess moisture contained in the air is disposed in the air treatment device 62. If the air supplied to the central pipe 50 contains excessive moisture, the excess moisture can be separated and removed. Also,
The air circulated by the air supply / exhaust device is affected by the magnetic field of the magnetic substance contained in the ceramic material, and passes through the pores of activated carbon or an inorganic porous substance, so that the odor component and the moisture contained in the air are removed. Aspirate ionized material. It is considered that the odor components and the like can be decomposed and treated by the activity of microorganisms contained in the ceramics.

[0025]

According to the present invention, as described above, by composing the compost production apparatus as a vertical type using a pipe-shaped member, the apparatus is configured to be small and compact. Therefore, a processing apparatus corresponding to the amount of waste can be easily configured. In addition, by arranging processing tanks in multiple stages in the processing tank body and providing cutting means between each processing tank, it is possible to perform compost fermentation efficiently, and the fully-composted compost discharged from the bottom is finely cut. This makes the subsequent handling easy. Furthermore, when compost fermentation is performed in the treatment tank main body, a large amount of air is circulated in the material to allow the growth of aerobic microorganisms, thereby preventing the growth of anaerobic microorganisms. As a result, it is possible to obtain high-quality compost. Then, by circulating air heated by the heat accumulated in the heat retaining member, it is possible to easily control the temperature of each processing tank and to treat odors and the like with ceramics.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a compost manufacturing device.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a partition member arranged in a processing tank main body.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a partition member.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a cutting blade in a partition member.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an air circulation device in the compost production device.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 compost production equipment, 2 outer cover, 3 heat insulating layer, 4 partition, 5 heat insulating member, 6 chute, 7 top lid, 8 inlet, 10 processing tank body, 11 tank wall, 12-14 discharge chamber, 20
22 partition member, 25 drive shaft, 26/27
Drive gear, 28 intermediate gear, 30 upper rotating plate,
40 lower rotating plate, 31/41 ring member, 3
2, 42 gears, 33, 43 bar members, 34
44 Shaft support, 35 Scratching claw, 50 Central pipe, 51/53 Division pipe, 56-58 Branch pipe, 60 Supply / exhaust device, 61 Fan, 6
2 Air treatment device.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A processing tank main body for arranging a plurality of processing tanks in a vertical form and performing a fermentation process while lowering a compost material input from an upper part toward a lower processing tank, and treating inside the processing tank main body. A compost manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a partition member that partitions a tank and has a cutting function; and a unit that allows air to flow through a compost material contained in the processing tank body. 2. A partitioning member for partitioning a processing tank inside the processing tank main body is constituted by two plate-like members rotating in opposite directions, and the two plate-like members are equipped with a cutting blade. The compost production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a scraping claw is provided on the plate-like member so as to protrude upward. 3. A processing tank main body in which a plurality of processing tanks made of a porous material are vertically arranged, an outer cover disposed on an outer surface of the processing tank main body at a constant interval, and the processing tank main body. A heat insulating member disposed in a heat insulating layer provided between the heat treatment layer and an outer cover; a perforated central pipe disposed in a central portion of the processing tank body; and circulating air between the processing tank body and the heat insulating layer. A compost manufacturing device, characterized by providing a supply / exhaust device for removing the compost. 4. An air supply / exhaust device for circulating air through the central pipe and the heat retaining layer, wherein the air supply / exhaust device is provided with a combination of a fan and an air processing device. 4. The compost production apparatus according to 1 or 3. 5. The central pipe, the heat insulation layer, and the air treatment device each contain a porous ceramic mass, and the ceramic mass is added with a microorganism used for compost fermentation. The compost manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the exhaust gas is processed through the ceramics.