JP2004123455A - Home garbage composting method and home garbage composting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a home garbage composting method and home garbage composting apparatus for manufacturing good-quality compost by hygienically, efficiently and cost effectively performing composting. <P>SOLUTION: The treated objects obtained by adding and formulating rice bran and leaf mold or compost to and with garbage are fed at intervals of about one week into fermentation chambers varying day by day and are subjected to primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. At this time, the aerobic fermentation is actively effected by feeding sufficient air through natural ventilation by a draft effect to the treated objects. The primary fermentation and secondary fermentation are allowed to take place simultaneously in the different positions within the same fermentation chamber and the fermentation heat of the primary fermentation is effectively utilized at all times for the secondary fermentation to efficiently progress the decomposition of the hardly degradable materials in the treated objects. The humification of fallen leaves is performed in parallel to the primary fermentation and secondary fermentation to create the leaf mold necessary for gap adjustment of the fermentation treatment. A series of such processes are repeated as cycles and are permanently performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a household garbage composting method and a household garbage composting apparatus used for producing high-quality compost from household garbage discharged by using microorganisms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, this type of composting equipment has been used to throw garbage into a fermenter in a conical container and spray an inoculum each time to perform anaerobic fermentation, or forced into the fermenter using an air pump. It is known that air is blown into the fermenter and the fermenter is heated by an electric heater to promote aerobic fermentation (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2873416). In the above-mentioned one, the inside of the fermenter is hardly ventilated because of the closed type. In the latter, the mixture is forcibly agitated appropriately and air is forcibly supplied from the top of the fermenter to the internal garbage to be exhausted from the perforated plate at the bottom of the fermenter. In order to promote fermentation, an electric heater is wound around the side of the fermenter to heat it.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional composting apparatus, it is not considered that the principle of composting using living organisms called microorganisms is sufficiently understood, and a number of inconveniences have occurred. For example, the anaerobic fermentation treatment is extremely uneconomical due to the generation of unpleasant odor due to the generation of a remarkable bad smell, the restriction of the installation location, and the huge cost of the inoculum as a consumable. In addition, in the case of aerobic fermentation treatment with forced aeration and heating, the generation of foul odors should be reduced and compost should be obtained in a hygienic manner. There has been a problem that high-quality compost cannot be obtained or power consumption increases due to stirring, aeration, and heating.
[0004]
In general, composting uses microorganisms in the natural environment to inactivate pathogenic organisms under aerobic conditions and decompose, ferment, and humify organic waste to produce soil biomass. To produce organic matter (humic substances) that is useful for improving the properties, chemistry and physical properties, and is useful for crop growth and is easy to handle. Therefore, in considering a composting apparatus for organic waste such as garbage, the first important point is that it is necessary to fully understand the significance of the above composting.
[0005]
A second important point is to recognize that normal composting always has the proper microflora transition. That is, since composting is a heterogeneous fermentation in a solid material, environmental conditions change with time, and microorganisms suitable for the environmental conditions grow. For example, in the composting of plants such as rice straw, vegetables and weeds, bacteria and fungi appear first and degrade easily decomposable substances such as starch, sugars, proteins and fats in a relatively short time (primary). Fermentation; about 2 weeks). At this time, a large amount of energy is discharged and the system becomes hot, the pathogenic organisms die, and at the same time, bacteria and fungi decrease rapidly. Certain cellulose is gradually decomposed (secondary fermentation: aging / humification; about 2 months). Thereafter, actinomycetes that gradually decompose organic substances having a higher molecular weight and mushrooms that decompose lignin appear. As described above, in the case of composting with microorganisms, the transition of bacteria, fungi, cellulose-degrading bacteria, actinomycetes, and mushrooms is performed. Must be a device.
[0006]
A third important point is that a large amount of oxygen (air) is required for active decomposition because the microorganisms of the primary fermentation are aerobic bacteria. As shown in FIG. 1, the oxygen consumption of the primary fermentation (biochemical oxygen demand: BOD5) shows the highest value until 3 days after the start of composting, and then gradually decreases and rapidly decreases in about 2 weeks. (Mitsuo Chino, Tadahiro Mori, waste, 3, 57 (1981)). Therefore, in the stage of primary fermentation, it is necessary to supply sufficient oxygen (air) to the garbage, especially for three days after the start of composting, to maintain the maximum amount of air supply into the fermenter, Never cause oxygen deprivation.
[0007]
The fourth important point is that cellulose, which is a hardly decomposable substance in garbage, is gradually decomposed by thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria, so it is necessary to maintain the fermenter at a high temperature and for a long time in secondary fermentation. There is something. Cellulose is degraded by an enzyme cellulase generated by a cellulolytic bacterium, and the enzyme activity (cellulose degradation amount: μ) rapidly increases from 14 days after the start of composting to 20 days or more, as shown in FIG. It has been described that the peak is maintained for 40 days, and then gradually decreases and shows high activity until about 78 days (M. Chino et al., Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., In press (1982)). Therefore, this period of high enzyme activity is the period of cellulose degradation, and it is necessary to maintain a high temperature of 55 ° C. or higher for about two months after the primary fermentation.
[0008]
The fifth important point is that a draft effect (suction effect) is required to supply sufficient air to the garbage in the fermenter and to discharge gas generated by fermentation and water vapor generated by heating economically. ) Is most preferable, and the resistance of natural ventilation in garbage to be treated must be minimized. To achieve this, it is necessary to increase the porosity in the garbage, and the method is to mix an appropriate amount of mulch into the garbage as a material for improving air permeability and prevent densification due to the stickiness of the garbage. Is formed. Here, since the mulch contains various decomposing bacteria such as cellulose-decomposing bacteria, the blending of the humus is also an extremely effective method as inoculation. However, the compounded humus is taken out together with the compost and reduced, so that a problem arises that fresh humus must be prepared.
[0009]
It is possible to use deciduous leaves, weeds, sawdust, etc., which are not humified at all, as these breathability improving materials, but these do not decompose in a short period of time and become undecomposed products that have a bad effect on crops. The result is that it remains in a large amount as it is in the obtained compost, which is not preferable. Therefore, it is desirable to purchase and mix commercially available humus, but this is very uneconomical, and how to efficiently produce humus is a major issue.
[0010]
A sixth important point is that it is necessary to always perform normal natural ventilation with a stable draft effect. For this purpose, as described above, the airflow resistance in the garbage is reduced, and at the same time, the airflow resistance of the air inlet passage, for example, the mesh (air hole) of the mesh body, which is a porous body supporting the garbage, is not increased. It is to be. If the fermenter is continuously operated for a long period of time, the compost of microorganisms and fine particles adheres to the mesh, and the mesh gradually becomes smaller, or the compost is clogged and closed to increase the ventilation resistance. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the porous body, for example, the mesh of the entrance passage of the fermenter must be inspected appropriately, and the fermenter must be constructed so that maintenance and cleaning can be easily performed.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to supply a special inoculum as a consumable item, do not use any uneconomical matter such as power consumption, and compost. A household garbage composting method and a household garbage compost that allow anyone to easily produce high-quality compost from household garbage by making sanitizing, efficient, and economical To provide a chemical conversion device.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly protects the transition of the microflora responsible for composting, and provides a sufficient decomposition time, so that at least about one week from the start of composting, a different fermentation product is used. Second, it is necessary to provide a stable period so that the microorganisms of the primary fermentation do not receive disturbance due to the input of garbage. Second, a large amount of oxygen (air) consumed in the primary fermentation can be economically obtained by natural ventilation. The need for stable and permanent supply, the need to economically maintain the high temperature required for secondary fermentation, the need to produce humus efficiently, and Fifth, attention has been paid to the fact that it is necessary to provide a simple device that can be handled by anyone and that facilitates maintenance.
[0013]
Specifically, the first invention relating to the household garbage composting method is based on the premise of a composting method in which garbage discharged from homes is fermented by microorganisms to produce compost, and the garbage is easily fermented. Thus, a pre-adjustment step of adding rice bran and humus or compost to garbage (this preparation is referred to as an object to be treated), a daily input step of the object to protect the transition of microbial flora, and a draft A primary fermentation step in which sufficient oxygen is supplied by natural aeration utilizing the effect to aerobicly decompose the easily decomposable substance of the object to be treated, and the fermentation heat of the primary fermentation while performing the primary fermentation A secondary fermentation step of decomposing cellulos, which is a hardly decomposable substance of the object to be treated, and producing the humus from fallen leaves and weeds in parallel with the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step The humification process It is an specific items to be carried out repeatedly permanently as a continuous process of communication. In addition, the above-mentioned "daily input" means that the fermentation place for starting fermentation is changed every day, so that the object to be treated is put into another fermentation tank every day, or the object to be treated is put into the same fermentation tank every day. Putting it in another position.
[0014]
A second invention relating to a household garbage composting device for carrying out the first invention is to compost the food waste by accommodating the processed material obtained by adding rice bran and humus or compost to the garbage. A fermenter consisting of a plurality of adjacent fermentation chambers, a means for venting and venting to the objects contained in the plurality of fermentation chambers, a means for keeping the fermenter warm, and the fermenter for maintenance and inspection. A humidification tank which is detachably or integrally formed with a frame container to be removably stored, a lid of the frame container, and a lower portion of the frame container which is fitted to the frame container. And that a specific matter is provided.
[0015]
Hereinafter, the interpretation and additional specific items of the first and second inventions will be described.
[0016]
Generally, garbage contains a large amount of water and is highly sticky. For this reason, the porosity in the garbage is low and the air permeability is impaired, resulting in an oxygen-deficient state. To prevent this, an appropriate amount of humus or dry compost is added as a pre-condition for garbage. Then, the moisture in the garbage is absorbed by the mulch or compost, and the garbage loses its tackiness, and the porosity of the garbage increases. As a result, natural aeration is promoted, and oxygen necessary for primary fermentation is sufficiently supplied. Furthermore, since a large number of microorganisms are present in mulch and compost, their addition results in inoculation of the microorganisms and accelerates the decomposition. In addition, the blend of rice bran is a supply of nutrients necessary for microorganisms. The pre-adjustment step is performed manually while observing the adjustment condition such as the moisture state of the object to be processed and the mixing state.
[0017]
The daily interval of the above-mentioned to-be-processed material is carried out, and the interval of the number of days to go to the same fermentation chamber again is at least about one week so as to protect the transition of the microflora. . The input position of the object to be treated is set at the central portion of the object to be treated during the secondary fermentation so that the heat of the primary fermentation of the object to be treated serves to constantly warm the object to be subjected to the secondary fermentation. Is to be a specific matter. By doing so, the primary fermentation is carried out smoothly without disturbance, and the primary fermentation heat of the newly introduced target is sandwiched by the secondary fermentation heat during the secondary fermentation. Because of the heat insulation, the heat of fermentation is effectively used for the activity of the cellulolytic bacteria, and as a result, the decomposition of the hardly decomposable substance is surely performed. In addition, it is a specific matter that the compost of the object to be treated is appropriately extracted as a product in an appropriate amount.
[0018]
The fermenter is constituted by a fermentation vessel having a bottom portion in which an upper portion is open so that the object to be processed can be taken in and out and a porous body through which gas such as air and water vapor can be passed and exhausted. And the fermentation vessel of the bottom porous body may be constituted by arranging a plurality of equally long vertically-divided fermentation chambers formed by a plurality of porous body partition plates equally dividing the volume of the fermentation vessel in the vertical direction. A plurality of independent fermentation chambers each having a vertically open cage with an equal volume and being open at the top are arranged therein, and furthermore, a pair of handles for detaching the entire fermenter from the frame container. Is arranged on the upper part of the fermentation vessel.
[0019]
The bottom porous body of the fermentation vessel constituting the fermentation tank directly holds the object to be processed and has many air vents for supplying air into the object to be processed. However, in the long-term operation, the opening degree of the vent hole of the bottom porous body gradually falls into a closed state due to the reduction due to the adhesion of the object to be processed and the fitting of the minute object to be processed, so that the inside of the object to be processed is A constant supply of sufficient air is prevented and normal aerobic fermentation does not occur. Therefore, the fermenter is periodically removed manually from the frame container, and the bottom porous body is appropriately maintained and inspected, and if necessary, washing or brushing is performed to prevent the ventilation holes of the bottom porous body from being blocked. Becomes extremely important.
[0020]
The sectional shape of the split fermentation chamber and the independent fermentation chamber may be any of a circle, a fan, a triangle, a square or a polygon, and the number of each fermentation chamber is about 5 to 10, A number that does not interfere with the above “daily input” is desirable.
[0021]
The depth h of the divided fermentation chamber and the independent fermentation chamber is preferably about 20 cm to 60 cm, judging from the natural ventilation resistance and the heat insulation effect of the object. If the number is more than that, it is desirable that one step be a plurality of steps of about 20 cm to 60 cm, and a new ventilation hole is provided also in the middle part.
[0022]
The independent fermentation chamber is desirably a cage body having a side wall surface formed of a porous body through which a gas such as air and water vapor and water droplets can pass, similarly to the bottom porous body, and also forming the split fermentation chamber. The same porous body is desirable for the plurality of partition plates. These porous bodies are desirably a perforated plate, mesh plate or lattice plate having a large number of holes of an appropriate size. By doing so, the water and heat transfer in the horizontal direction between the to-be-processed objects accommodated in each of the split fermentation chamber or the independent fermentation chamber is facilitated, and the various conditions of the entire fermenter are uniformly maintained. The result is a good quality compost.
[0023]
The venting means includes a gas generated by introduction of outside air (air) into the object to be treated accommodated in the split fermentation chamber or the independent fermentation chamber or a microorganism generated by microbial decomposition of the object to be treated and moisture evaporated by fermentation heat. This is for discharging (steam) into the atmosphere. A hole of an appropriate size is formed in the upper portion (exhaust portion) of the side wall surface of the frame container and the side wall surface (introduction ventilation portion) of the humification tank. A particular matter is to arrange a plurality of fermenters so as to sandwich the fermenter in the center. Needless to say, the location of this hole is a position where the divided fermentation tank or the independent fermentation tank is not closed by the fermentation tank.
[0024]
Alternatively, in order to enhance the draft effect, instead of disposing a plurality of holes in the upper part (exhaust part) of the side wall surface of the frame container, the ventilation means is disposed at the center of the lid. It is also a specific matter that the stack comprises a chimney of an appropriate height and a plurality of holes of an appropriate size arranged on the side wall of the humification tank. In this way, the outside air can be taken in smoothly by the suction effect of the chimney.
[0025]
The heat retaining means is a lightweight heat insulating material composed of glass wool, ceramics wool, plastic foam, and sheets thereof, and is provided between an inner wall surface of the frame container and an outer peripheral portion of the fermenting means. It is a special matter to arrange at an appropriate thickness.
[0026]
The frame container is a bottomless container with an open top, and a supporting means for holding the fermenter is disposed below or above the inner surface, and the upper portion of the frame container is provided as described above. It is a specific matter that a plurality of holes are provided in the ventilation means. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the frame container may be any one of a circle, a sector, a triangle, a square, and a polygon.
[0027]
The humification tank is a container with a bottom open at the top, the upper part of the container is configured to fit with the lower part of the frame container, and the upper part of the side wall surface of the humification tank As described above, a specific matter is that a plurality of holes of the passage / exhaust means are provided. Further, the humification tank is specified as being integrally or detachably configured with the frame container so as to be located below the fermentation tank, and may be a bottomless container. . The shape and size of the humification tank can be set arbitrarily.
[0028]
The humification tank is for producing humus by humifying fallen leaves, weeds, sawdust, and the like, and is disposed below the fermentation tank. If the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation are carried out above the humification tank with an appropriate amount of fallen leaves, etc., the humification tank below is heated and the fermentation tank Microorganisms, moisture, and appropriate nutrients in the water fall through the pores of the porous body at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and are maintained under the optimal environmental conditions for humification. In addition, if the humification tank is used as a bottomless container so as to come into contact with the ground, small animals such as earthworms will breed, and the decomposition will be accelerated.
[0029]
The lid is configured to be detachable from the frame container, and the outer diameter of the lid can prevent rain from entering the fermenter from the vent hole of the frame container. It is a specific matter that the frame container is configured to be larger than the outer diameter of the frame container so as to form an eaves of a width, and that a handle is disposed on an upper portion of the lid.
[0030]
Alternatively, it is a specific matter that the lid is in close contact with the frame container and is configured to be detachable, and that a chimney having an appropriate height is provided at a central portion.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first invention relating to the household garbage composting method and the second invention relating to the household garbage composting device, the composting is sanitary, efficient, and Economically, anyone can easily produce high quality compost from household garbage.
[0032]
Specifically, a pre-conditioning step of turning the garbage into an easily fermentable material to be processed, a daily input step of protecting microbial transition as a different fermentation start date, and sufficient oxygen supply by natural ventilation by a draft effect Aerobic primary fermentation step, a secondary fermentation step that makes maximum use of the fermentation heat of the primary fermentation, and a humus formation step that produces humus in parallel with the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step Is repeatedly and permanently performed as a series of continuous processes, so that a high-quality compost can be reliably produced.
[0033]
The fermenter for storing and fermenting the material to be treated is composed of about 5 to 10 vertically divided fermentation chambers or independent fermentation chambers suitable for “daily input”, and furthermore, the ventilation and exhaust by the draft effect. The opening of the top, the bottom porous body and the structure kept warm enough to prevent the dissipation of fermentation heat ensure that the primary fermentation is carried out under aerobic conditions. And the secondary fermentation are performed in parallel, and high-quality compost can be efficiently produced. Further, by arranging the humification tank below the fermentation tank, the optimum conditions for humification are maintained, and the humus necessary for adjusting the garbage and improving the ventilation property can be efficiently produced.
[0034]
In addition, since the entire fermenter is easily removed manually from the frame container and the bottom porous body is appropriately maintained and inspected, and washing or brushing can be easily performed, it is possible to reliably prevent the ventilation hole of the bottom porous body from being blocked. Thus, stable aerobic fermentation becomes possible. Furthermore, the fertilizer and the frame container can be separately manufactured and easily assembled, so that the processing cost is low and the composting apparatus can be provided economically.
[0035]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0036]
FIG. 3 shows a household garbage composting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a square-shaped household garbage composting apparatus, 2 is a square fermenter, and 4 is a heat insulating material such as a heat insulating material. The means 5 is a square frame container for storing the fermenter 2 and the heat retaining means 4, 6 is a square lid, 7 is a square humification tank, 3 is a ventilation and exhaust means, and 31 is a frame. Reference numeral 32 denotes a vent hole disposed above the body container 5, and 32 denotes a vent hole disposed above the humification tank 7.
[0037]
The fermenter 2 is formed so as to form an outer box by a fermentation vessel 20 having a bottom porous body 21, and the volume of the fermentation vessel 20 is equally divided by porous partition plates 211, 212, and 213. Divided fermentation chambers 221, 222, and 223. Each of the partition plates 211, 212, and 213 is provided with a large number of ventilation holes a, for example, holes having a diameter of about 2 mm to 10 mm. It can be easily moved between tanks. The bottom porous body 21 is a perforated plate, a mesh plate, or a lattice plate through which gas and water vapor can pass.
[0038]
The ventilation holes 31 and 32 of the ventilation means 3 are holes each having a suitable size, for example, a diameter of about 15 mm to 40 mm, and a plurality of holes. When the to-be-processed material is filled in the split fermentation chambers 221, 222, and 223, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation are performed, and the temperature is increased to about 40 to 70 ° C. by fermentation heat. Due to this temperature increase, the moisture in the object to be treated becomes steam and rises in the void in the object to be treated, and is discharged to the outside of the composting apparatus 1 through the ventilation hole 31. At the same time, the volume of the gas such as CO2 produced by the fermentation expands due to this temperature rise, and the gas is discharged to the outside like steam. Such a rising flow of water vapor and gas always causes a draft effect (suction action) in the processing object, and the outside air is introduced into the processing object through the ventilation hole 32 and the bottom porous body 21 to be aerobic. The conditions will always be maintained.
[0039]
The frame container 5 has an internal volume large enough to allow the fermenter 2 to be easily taken in and out, and furthermore, the heat insulating material 41 of the heat retaining means 4 has an appropriate thickness between the fermenter 2 and the fermenter 20. There is a gap capable of filling about 50 mm. Thereby, wasteful dissipation of fermentation heat generated in the fermenter 2 can be prevented. At the lower edge of the inner surface of the frame container 5, a support body 51 as a support means is attached so as to support the bottom of the fermenter tank 2. In this case, the support body 51 is a convex ring body provided on the inner surface of the frame container 5, and a plurality of protrusions arranged on the inner surface circumference of the frame container 5, or this frame body The protrusion may be formed by reducing the inner diameter of the container to an appropriate dimension. Further, the support means may be disposed on the upper portion of the inner surface of the frame container 5 so as to support the upper portion of the fermentation container 20 (not shown).
[0040]
The outer diameter of the lid 6 is larger than the outer diameter of the frame container 5, and an eave 61 having an appropriate width is formed at a fitting portion A with the frame container 5. This prevents rainwater from entering the split fermenters 221, 222, and 223 from the vent holes 31. A handle 62 is attached to the upper surface of the lid 6 so as to facilitate attachment and detachment.
[0041]
The humification tank 7 is fitted with a fitting portion B so that the interior 70 of the humification tank 7 may be filled with fallen leaves or the like or to take out the resulting humus soil. I have to do it. A drain hole 71 is provided below the side wall of the humification tank 7 so that rainwater that has entered through the vent hole 32 is naturally discharged.
[0042]
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the rectangular household garbage composting apparatus 1, wherein the volume of the fermentation vessel 20 is increased by a plurality of porous partition plates 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, and 217. , And six square-shaped divided fermentation chambers 221, 222, 223, 224, 225 and 226. In this case, the lid 6 has been removed.
[0043]
FIG. 5 is a side explanatory view showing a household garbage composting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the frame container 5 and the humus tub 7 are integrally formed. 1 is an external appearance type household garbage composting device, 2 is a square fermenter, 4 is a heat retaining means such as a heat insulating material, 5 is a square frame container for storing the fermenter 2 and the heat retaining means 4, 6 is a square lid, 7 is a square humification tank, 71 is a drain hole, 3 is a ventilation means, 31 is a ventilation hole arranged above the frame container 5, 32 Is a vent hole disposed above the humification tank 7. When the humification tank 7 and the frame container 5 are integrated, the inside of the humification tank 7 can be managed by removing the fermentation tank 2.
[0044]
FIG. 6 is a bird's-eye view of the fermenter 2 of the square composting apparatus shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, wherein the divided fermentation chambers 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, and 226 are shown. It shows a state when six pieces are formed. When the fermenter 2 is maintained and inspected, a pair of handles 24 are attached to the left and right sides of the upper edge of the fermenter 20 so that the entire fermenter can be easily removed from the frame container 5. The partition plate is a porous partition plate having a large number of ventilation holes a, and the bottom porous body 21 is an opening of an appropriate size, for example, a wire mesh of about 2 mm to 3 mm square. In addition, the heat insulating material 41 of the heat retaining means 4 may be fixed to the outer wall surface of the fermentation vessel 20 to be integrated. In this case, at the time of maintenance and inspection, the fermenter 2 and the heat insulating material 41 are integrally attached and detached from the frame container 5 at the same time.
[0045]
FIG. 7 is a bird's-eye view of the fermentation tank 2 of a round household garbage composting device (not shown) according to another embodiment of the present invention. The figure shows six fan-shaped divided fermentation chambers 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226 which are radially equally divided by partition plates 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216. A pair of handles 24 are mounted on the left and right sides of the upper edge of the fermentation vessel 20 so that the fermentation vessel 2 can be easily removed from the frame container 5 when the fermentation tank 2 is maintained. The partition plate is a porous partition plate having a large number of ventilation holes a, and the bottom porous body 21 is an opening of an appropriate size, for example, a wire mesh of about 2 mm to 3 mm square. In addition, the heat insulating material 41 of the heat retaining means 4 may be fixed to the outer wall surface of the fermentation vessel 20 to be integrated. Also in this case, at the time of maintenance and inspection, the fermenter 2 and the heat insulating material 41 are integrally attached to and detached from the frame container 5 at the same time.
[0046]
FIG. 8 shows a household garbage composting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a household garbage composting apparatus, 2 is a fermentation tank, 5 is a frame container, and 6 is a ventilation means 3. A lid having a chimney 63 and being detachably attached to the frame container 5; 7 a humification tank; and 32 a vent hole of one of the ventilation means 3 disposed above the humification tank 7. is there. In this case, a ventilation hole must not be provided above the frame container 5.
[0047]
Hereinafter, the operation status and the maintenance status of the composting process will be described.
[0048]
The garbage composting apparatus used for composting garbage has a size of 470 mm square on the upper side, 420 mm square on the lower side, and 810 mm in height, and the frame container 5 and the humification tank 7 are integrally formed. Things. The fermentation vessel 20 is a square shape having a size of 400 mm square and a height of 500 mm, and the divided fermentation chambers 221, 222,... Has a cross section of 133 mm × 200 mm and a height of 500 mm. For the bottom porous body 21, a wire mesh made of stainless steel with a mesh size of about 2 mm was used.
[0049]
First, about 4 L of humus is charged into each of the six divided fermentation chambers. Next, rice bran and humus are mixed with approximately 6 kg of garbage in an appropriate amount (the amount of each substance constituting the garbage is evenly sprinkled with rice bran and mulch), and a pretreated object, approximately 15 L, is treated with 6 liters. Separately, each was put on the mulch in the split fermentation room. Thereafter, about 4 L of humus was added to each of the divided fermentation chambers so as to cover the objects to be treated, so that the objects to be treated were located at the center. The temperature of the material to be treated in each of the divided fermentation chambers was measured with a thermocouple to use as an index of the fermentation state.
[0050]
In addition, about 15 L of dead leaves were put into the humification tank 7, and water was sprayed to give a degree of moistness.
[0051]
Thus, after one day, the temperature of the object to be treated increased from the outside air temperature of about 30 ° C. to 40 ° C. to 45 ° C., and reached 50 ° C. to 55 ° C. on the second day. After continuing this state for 6 days, the state of the garbage in the split fermentation chamber was observed, and there was no odor at all, and the shape of the garbage had almost disappeared, so it was presumed that the primary fermentation had been completed. . Therefore, from the 7th day, 0.5 kg to 1 kg of the garbage for one day, which is newly prepared with an appropriate amount of rice bran and humus, is divided into six fermentation chambers (1) to (6) every day. Was repeatedly inserted into the center of the in order. Here, in order to make the air permeability good, at the time of daily introduction, the inside of each divided fermentation chamber was pierced several times with a thin rod of about 10 mm to make four to five holes serving as air passages. During this time, the temperature of the object to be treated continued to be maintained at about 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., there was no odor, and it was determined that the aerobic fermentation was being carried out smoothly.
[0052]
When one month had passed, the fermenter 2 containing the material to be treated was extracted from the frame container 5 and the wire mesh of the bottom porous body 21 was observed. As a result, clogging of about 20% was recognized on the mesh surface. This surface was lightly rubbed with a tortoise scalloped to completely remove the clogging, and then the fermenter 2 was again housed in the frame container 5 to continue the same composting treatment.
[0053]
Inspection and cleaning of the mesh surface is usually performed every six months, but it is necessary to perform inspection and cleaning every time when a bad odor starts to be felt to improve air permeability. After about three months, the compost in each of the divided fermentation chambers starts to fill up. Therefore, an appropriate amount is extracted so that the storage capacity becomes about 80% of the volume of the divided fermentation chamber, and the foamed styrene is used. To increase the maturity of the product and to use it effectively as fertilizer.
[0054]
In addition, at the same time as the inspection of the mesh surface, the humus state of the fallen leaves in the humification tank is observed, and if it is dry, an appropriate amount of water is sprayed. Normally, good humus can be obtained in about six months, so it is taken out, cut into an appropriate size, and used as a pre-condition for garbage.
[0055]
<Other embodiments>
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes various other embodiments. That is, in the above-described embodiment, the fermenter 2 and the heat retaining means 4 are configured as separate types so as to be detachable, but they may be integrally molded or assembled to be detachable. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the support 51 that holds the fermenter 2 is provided on the inner surface of the frame container 5, but a support base may be provided inside the humification tank 7 instead. Alternatively, a heat retaining means may be provided on the inner surface of the lid 6. In any case, the concept is the same as in the above embodiment.
[0056]
The shape of the fermentation vessel 20 is arbitrarily selected in accordance with the shape of the frame vessel 5 that houses the fermenter 2. The shape of the fermentation vessel 20 is a polygonal tube, an inverted truncated pyramid, or an inverted truncated cone. Tube.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows changes in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in composting, corresponding to the number of days of fermentation.
FIG. 2 shows changes in cellulase (enzyme for producing cellulolytic bacteria) activity in composting, corresponding to the number of days of fermentation.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory side view showing a household garbage composting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view of a household garbage composting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view showing a household garbage composting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a bird's-eye view of the square fermenter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a bird's-eye view of a round fermenter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory side view showing a household garbage composting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Fermenters
3 Exhaust means
4 Insulation means
5 Frame container
6 Lid
7 Humus tank
20 fermentation vessels
21 Bottom porous body
31 Vent hole
32 Vent hole
63 chimney
211 Porous partition plate
221 Split fermentation room

Claims (5)

In the household garbage composting method to produce compost by microbial fermentation of garbage discharged from the home in a fermenter,
A pre-conditioning step for pre-conditioning of garbage, a daily input of the pre-adjusted garbage (object to be processed) (input at a different position every day), and easy decomposition of the object by natural ventilation Primary fermentation step of aerobically decomposing an aerobic substance, secondary fermentation step of decomposing a hardly decomposable substance of the object to be treated using the fermentation heat of the primary fermentation, the primary fermentation step and the second fermentation step. A garbage composting method for household garbage in which a humification process of humus production performed in parallel with the next fermentation process is repeatedly and permanently performed as a series of continuous processes. It is a household garbage composting method according to claim 1,
The daily input of the object to be processed is performed, and the interval of the number of days that the same input position re-circulates is set to at least about one week. A method of composting household garbage, wherein the fertilizer is contained in the central part of the fermenter so as to be included in the fermenting target, and the compost of the target is appropriately extracted as a product. In household garbage composting equipment that manufactures compost by accommodating pre-conditioned garbage (substance to be processed) and fermenting microorganisms,
5 to 10 equal-length vertically divided fermentation chambers formed by equally dividing the volume of a fermentation vessel having an open top and a bottom porous body in the vertical direction with a plurality of porous partition plates, or a plurality of the above fermentation vessels A fermentation tank having a plurality of independent fermentation chambers each having a length of 5 to 10 and having the same volume and having a vertical length, and a means for passing and exhausting an object to be treated accommodated in the fermentation tank; A heat retaining means disposed on the outer periphery of the fermenter, a frame container for detachably storing the fermenter alone or integrally with the heat retainer so as to be easily taken in and out, and detachably fitted to the frame container; A household garbage composting device comprising: a humidifying tank which is provided at a lower portion of the frame container, and which is detachably or integrally formed by fitting with the frame container. A household garbage composting device according to claim 3,
The venting means has a plurality of holes each having an appropriate size arranged so as to sandwich the fermentation tank, each of which is disposed above the side wall surface of the frame container and above the side wall surface of the humification tank. There is a household garbage composting device. A household garbage composting device according to claim 3,
The venting means includes a chimney of an appropriate height provided in the center of the lid, and a plurality of appropriately sized, disposed above the side wall surface of the humification tank and below the fermentation tank. A household garbage composting device consisting of individual holes.

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