JPS59169738A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To machine four side surfaces and the upper surface of a work and release chips effectively without allowing them to stick to the work, a pallet, etc. by arranging the pallet rotatably around a vertical axis and indexically rotatably around a horizontal axis. CONSTITUTION:The base 2 of a machining center 1 consists of a sliding bed portion 3 and a column sliding bed portion 4, and a saddle 5 is mounted on the guide 3a of the portion 3. A main shaft unit 8 is mounted on the guide 5a of the saddle 5, and a tool inserting hole 12a is formed on a main shart 12. A servo motor 55 is fitted on a column 42, and a table saddle 53 is driven to move up and down against the column 42 by the motor 55. The saddle 53 arranges a pallet table 59 movably in the axis direction and rotatably, and the table 59 is indexed at a predetermined angle. A pallet 66 is slidably fitted on a pallet bed 68 and is protruded or withdrawn by a cylinder 69.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a vertical pallet machine tool.

Conventionally, five-sided machining involves machining four sides and the top of a workpiece mounted on a horizontal table of a portal machine tool. Therefore, the removal of chips is difficult, and as a result, the mounting accuracy of the workpiece is degraded, and the accumulated chips cause thermal deformation of the table, resulting in machining defects. Therefore, cleaning up the chips required a long time, which was an obstacle to improving work efficiency. In addition, the separation of chips has become a bottleneck during unmanned operation at night.

The present invention has been developed in view of the above circumstances, and allows a vertical pallet on which a workpiece is attached to be freely rotated around a vertical axis and rotatably indexed around a horizontal axis. The purpose is to provide a machine tool that can do this.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a pallet vertical machining center 1 capable of performing directional machining as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1. 2 is the base of the machining center 10. The base 2 consists of a saddle slide portion 3 and a column slide portion 4, both portions 3,
4 shall be installed on the foundation so that they become one with each other. The part 3 of the saddle slide has guides 3a, 3a in the X direction, on which the saddle 5 is placed.

The saddle 5 is mounted so as to be movable in the X direction on the base 3 by a feed screw 7 driven by a servo motor 6.

The saddle 5 has guides 5a, 5a in the Z direction, and a main shaft unit 8 is placed on the guides 5a, 5a. The main shaft unit 8 has a feed screw 10 driven by a servo motor 9.
This makes it possible to move freely on the saddle 5 in the X direction.

As the spindle unit 8, any desired one necessary for machining the workpiece can be used. FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing an example of the spindle unit 8. FIG. Reference numeral 11 denotes a housing that slides along the guides 5a, 5a, and a main shaft 12 is rotatably supported on the housing 11 by bearings 13A, 13B, 13C, and 13D. A tool insertion hole 12a for receiving a tool is formed at the tip of the main shaft 12.

A tightening rod 5, which has three steel balls 14 at its tip so as to be movable in the radial direction, is inserted into the through hole 12b formed at the axis of the spindle 12 so as to be movable back and forth parallel to the axis of the spindle. Ru.

The tightening rod 15 is constantly pulled rearward by a disc spring 16, and in this state, the steel ball 14 and the tightening rod 1
The cooperative action of the cam sleeve 17 into which the distal end of the cam sleeve 17 is slidably fitted allows the steel ball 14 to lock the tool inserted into the tool insertion hole 12a. Further, the housing 1
A cylinder 18 is attached to the cylinder 1 on an extension of the axis of the main shaft 12, and by pushing out the tightening member t415 with the rod 18a of the cylinder 18, the cutting tool can be unlocked. The main shaft motor 19 is installed in the housing 11.
An intermediate shaft 21 is connected to the output shaft 19a of the main shaft motor 19 via a coupling 20. A freight car transmission device 22 which also serves as a speed converter is interposed between the middle r#4J shaft 21 and the main shaft 12.

Therefore, the main shaft 12 is driven by the main shaft motor 19 and rotates at a predetermined speed.

Tools necessary for machining are loaded onto the spindle 12 from a tool storage magazine, and are sequentially replaced by an automatic tool changer (ATC). Figure 4 shows the tool storage magazine 23 and AT
It is a front view which illustrates C24. Tool storage magazine 23
is a chain wheel 26, 2 supported by a strut 25.25 above the portion 3 of the saddle slide of the base 2.
6. Chain 2 with toolbot 27 attached between 26
8°C. The ATC 24 has an arm 30 that can pivot and move forward and backward around a support shaft 29 attached to one support 25, and the arm 300 has tool grips 31 and 32 at both ends that can be opened and closed. Figure 5 shows AT
It is an explanatory view showing tool change hand) I by C24. When machining with tool A attached to spindle 12 is completed, spindle 1
2 stops, and the tip of the rod of the cylinder 72 attached to the housing 11 engages with the teeth of the indexing gear 71 fixed to the main shaft 12, so that the key 73 corresponds to a tool to be attached later. The main shaft 12 is indexed so that it is at a predetermined position.

After the spindle unit 8 moves backward, the saddle 5 is moved to one end of its movement range on the A'l''C24 side. The tool T, which is to be used next for machining, is gripped and is waiting with the other tool gripping part 32 open (Fig. 6 (a)).Then, the tool A attached to the main spindle 12 is placed on the arm. 30, and the tool gripping part 32 grips the tool A (FIG. 2(B)).Next, as shown in FIG. By turning the degree and retracting the support shaft 29, the tool A is stored in the tool bot 27 of the tool storage magazine 23, and the tool B is attached to the main shaft 12.The saddle 5 is moved away from the arm 30. , the machining operation is performed using tool B (as shown in the same figure).The arm 30 once rotates 90 degrees, and then the tool pot 27 containing the tool C to be used for machining is brought to the tool exchange position. (e)), the arm 30 rotates 90 degrees in the reverse direction and waits with the tool C gripped by the tool gripping portion 32 (see (f) in the same figure). When the machining with tool B is thus completed, the arm 30 rotates in the opposite direction by 90 degrees and waits in a state in which the tool C is gripped by the tool gripping portion 32 (see (f) in the same figure). Since the state returns to the same state as shown in
The same procedure can be repeated thereafter.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the column swivel portion 4 of the base 2, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line Vll-Vll in FIG.

The portion 4 connects a circular arc portion 33 of more than 90 degrees and a side portion 34 consisting of two orthogonal sides with an arm 35, and between adjacent arms 35, the circular arc portion 33 also has a chip kite plate 36 that slopes inward. is extended, and a hole 37 for dropping chips is provided inside each chip guide plate 36. Below each hole 37 is a space 38 surrounded by the arc portion 33 and the side surface portion 34;
A chip conveyor 39 is attached inside the penetrating portion 38H provided in the arcuate portion 33. A shaft 41 is inserted into a boss 40 (see FIG. 8) provided at the joint of each arm 35, and a platform 43 of a column 42 placed on the boss 40 and the arcuate portion 33 is inserted into the shaft 41. It is rotatably mounted via bearings 44 and 45. The platform 43 is attached to the backing plate 74 when turning.
．． 75, it is possible to slide on the arcuate portion 33 while holding the upper surface of the arcuate portion 33. A swing drive motor 76 is attached to the outer surface of the base 43.
A pinion 78 rotated by a speed reducer 77 by a gear reducer 77 is meshed with a sector-shaped gear 79 fixed concentrically to the outer circumferential surface of the arc portion 33 . Therefore, the platform 43 pivots around the shaft 41 due to the rotation of the motor 76. 8 in Figure 6
Reference numerals 0 and 81 designate stoppers with cushions for the base 43 attached to the side surface 34 at both ends of the rotation range of the base 43. A positioning device 82 is provided in the arcuate portion 33 at a position midway through the rotation range of the platform portion 43 . The positioning device [82] can be provided at an appropriate position on the circumference of the circular arc portion 330 depending on the machining needs, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. A position [E] on a parallel line, and positions F, G, and HK positioning devices 82 are provided at intervals of 30 degrees from the position [E.

The structure of the positioning device 82 is as shown in FIG.
One rod 84 of a double rod-shaped cylinder 83 attached to the upper surface of the cylinder 3 has a tapered shape, and the other rod 85 is provided with dog plates 86 and 87. When the stand 43 rotates and stops above the positioning device [82], it assumes the raised position determined by the rod 84 or the limit switch 88. engage with. Therefore, the column 42 on the platform 43 is positioned at a predetermined position. Further, when the rod 84 assumes the downward position t determined by the limit switch 89 (see FIG. 7), the rod 84 is removed from the bin bushing 90, so that the base portion 43
It becomes possible to turn without being hindered by 4. Said arc portion 3
Two T-grooves 47 are bored on the top of the mount 3, and a 'r bolt 48 that passes through a hole 43a in the base 43 is engaged with the T-groove 47. A cylinder 49 is rotatably mounted on the base 43, and the end of a rod 50 of the cylinder 49 and a nut 51 screwed into the T-pole 48 are pivotally connected by a pin 52. When the rod 50 of the cylinder 49 is moved forward, the nut 51 is tightened, so the base portion 43 is clamped to the arcuate portion 33 by the T-bolt 48 (9th
figure).

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the column. The column 42 has a guide 42a in the Y-axis direction, and a table saddle 53 engages with the guide 42a so as to be movable up and down. 54 represents a patch plate. A servo motor 55 is attached to the upper part of the column 42 as shown in FIG. It is fixed to the table saddle 53 at. The table saddle 53 moves up and down relative to the column 42 by driving the servo motor 55.

The table saddle 53 has a hole 53a, and the shaft portion of the pallet table 59 fits into the hole 53a so as to be freely movable and rotatable in the axial direction.
and the tooth portion 53b.

59a forms a curvic coupling.

A gear 60 is fixed to the rear end of the shaft portion of the pallet table 59. A cylinder 61 is fixed to the rear end of the table saddle 53, and the cylinder 61 and the cylinder cover 6 are connected to each other.
A rod 60a provided on the gear 60 penetrates into the cylinder chamber formed between the gear 60 and the piston 63, and a piston 63 is fixed to the tip of the rod 60a. The gear 60 is a drive device 9
2 through a gear mechanism. The pallet table 59 is moved in the axial direction away from the table saddle 53 by the operation of the piston.
When the curvic coupling between the table saddle 53 and the table saddle 53 is disengaged, the pallet table 59 is rotated by a predetermined angle by the rotation of the gear 60, and the pallet table 59 is engaged with the table saddle 53 by the operation of the piston 63, indexing at a predetermined angle is performed. can be done.

A cylinder chamber is formed between the pallet table 59 and the gear 60, and a clamp rod 65 that penetrates the pallet table 59 is fixed to the piston 64, and a pad portion 65a at the tip of the clamp rod 65 engages with the pallet 66. do.

When the clamp rod 65 is pulled into the pallet table 59 by the operation of the piston 64, the pallet 66 is positioned by the positioning pin 59b and clamped to the pallet table 59.

An automatic pallet changer (APC) 67 is provided in front of the column slide section 4 of the pace 2. Pallet stand 6
8 is provided so as to be freely raised and lowered by a cylinder 69, and two pallets 66 can be slidably mounted on the pallet stand 68. Each pallet 66 can be pushed or pulled toward pallet table 59 by cylinder 70. Reference numeral 70a designates an engaging portion provided at the tip of the rod of each cylinder 70 for engaging with the engaging recess 66alc of the pallet 66 to push out or pull in the pallet 66. Reference numerals 93 and 94 denote bridging members provided on the table saddle 53 to guide the pallet between the APC 67 and the pad portion 65a of the clamp rod 65 when replacing the pallet. Next, the pallet exchange operation will be explained. When the machining of the workpiece attached to the pallet 66 attached to the pallet table 59 is completed, the spindle unit 8 moves aside, and then the pallet table 59 is rotated and positioned so that the direction in which the pallet 66 is pulled out is horizontal. , and lower the table saddle 53 to a predetermined position relative to the column 42. On the other hand, the pallet stand 68 is on standby with one pallet 66 attached and a workpiece to be processed next attached to the pallet 66. Therefore, the pallet stand 68 is raised, and the engaging portion 70 of the cylinder 70 corresponding to the vacant pallet mounting position on the pallet stand 68 is raised.
a is moved forward until it is located vertically above the engagement recess 66a of the pallet 66 mounted on the pallet table 59. Next, the table saddle 53 is raised and the engaging portion 70a of the cylinder 70 is engaged with the engaging recess 66a of the pallet 66 mounted on the pallet table 59. In this state, the clamp on the pallet 66 is released and the cylinder 70 pulls the pallet 66 into the pallet stand 68.

To attach the pallet 66 with the workpiece to be machined next, the table saddle 53 is moved up or down according to the position, and in this state the pallet 66 with the workpiece to be machined next is pushed out by the cylinder 70. The pallet 66 is then attached to a pallet table 59 and clamped by a clamp rod 65. The table saddle 53 is lowered to connect the engagement recess 66a of the pallet 66 and the cylinder 7.
0 is released from the engagement portion 70a, and the engagement portion VOR is moved backward. The workpiece attached to the rear limb pallet 66 is subjected to machining. Further, the pallet stand 68 is placed in a collapsed state, the processed workpiece is carried out, and the next workpiece to be processed is attached to the pallet 66.

The present invention relates to the configuration described above, and brings about the following beneficial effects. The main spindle is movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by the movement of the saddle 5 and the main spindle unit 8, and in combination with the rotation of the column 42, the vertical movement of the table saddle 53, and the movement of the workpiece by indexing the pallet table 590. , machining can be performed on the four sides and the top surface of the workpiece. Since the pallet 66 is vertical, chips fall into the chip conveyor through holes provided in the column swivel base of the pace 2 when machining either side.

Therefore, the chips can be easily removed, and there is no possibility that the chips will adhere to the workpiece, pallet, etc.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a plan view of a pallet vertical machining center, Fig. 2 is a front view, Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the spindle unit, and Fig. 4 is a tool storage magazine and automatic tool exchange. A front view of the device, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the operating procedure of the automatic tool changer, FIG. M6 is a plan view of the column rotation row of the pace, FIG. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the rotating structure of the column, Fig. 9 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the column clamping device, and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the column.6 1...Pallet vertical machining center 2...・Pace 5...Saddle 8...Spindle unit
42...Column 53...Table saddle 59
・・・Pallet table 66・
・・Palette〈−−・ノ↓ (He) (E) −He6

Claims (1)

[Claims] a base; a saddle horizontally movable on the base; a spindle unit provided on the saddle so as to be horizontally movable in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal movement direction of the Mukuro saddle; There is a column located in front that can be rotated 90 degrees around a vertical axis, a table saddle that is installed on the column so that it can be moved up and down, and a table saddle that can be rotated around a horizontal axis and indexed. A machine tool comprising a pallet table and a pallet table on which a pallet to which a workpiece is attached is removably attached.