JPS5829147Y2 - composting equipment - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to an apparatus for composting industrial and domestic wastes and sludge obtained through biological treatment of these wastes through fermentation.

Excess sludge, raw human waste, etc. conventionally obtained by the activated sludge method are dehydrated or dried to an appropriate moisture content, and then the required fermentation agent is added and mixed and placed in a batch-type fermenter, maintained at the required temperature and stirred. Composting is commonly practiced.

However, these methods have the drawback of requiring a large amount of land and requiring a long time for fermentation.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a compact composting device that can compost industrial and domestic wastes and sludge obtained by biological treatment of these wastes through fermentation in a short period of time.

The composting apparatus according to this draft is characterized by having the following configurations (a) to (f).

(a) It consists of a multi-stage vertical cylindrical reactor divided into multiple stages, with a raw material supply port in the top chamber and a reactant outlet in the bottom chamber.

(b) The reactor is equipped with a hollow stirring shaft penetrating through its center and hollow stirring blades that branch from the shaft and rotate on the bottom plate of each stage chamber, and the stirring blade has air injection holes. It is provided.

(c) Sunsets for the reactants are provided on the bottom plate of each stage at different positions for each stage, and the lower side of the sunset is surrounded by a baffle plate up to the middle of the stage below. It is.

(d) A hot water chamber is provided in the upper part of each tiered chamber, that is, below the bottom plate of the upper tiered chamber, and hot water passes through the hot water chamber of the top tier chamber and sequentially enters the lower tier hot water chamber, and then Piping and water supply means are provided so that water is circulated from the hot water room through the hot water boiler and air heater to the hot water room in the top room, and the hot water circulation route is equipped with a clean water intake pipe and a surplus hot water discharge pipe. It is rare.

(e) Piping and blowing means are provided so that air is heated by the air heater, enters the stirring shaft, and is ejected from the jet holes of the stirring blades.

(f) Piping is provided to send the gas in each stage chamber to the deodorizing equipment, either through or without passing through the upper stage chamber.

In a preferred embodiment of the composting apparatus of this invention, air preheating equipment connected to the air heater is provided on the main body, and piping is provided through which gas to be sent from each stage chamber to the deodorizing equipment passes through the air preheating equipment. More preferably, the air preheating equipment is a solar air preheating equipment.

The composting apparatus of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings of the embodiment.

As shown in Fig. 1, the composting apparatus of this invention is partitioned into a plurality of upper and lower stages, with stage chambers IA, IB... (6 stage chambers in the illustrated embodiment).

) consists of a multi-stage vertical cylindrical reactor 1.

A raw material supply port 2 is provided in the uppermost chamber 1A, and a reactant outlet 3 is provided in the lowermost chamber 1F.

The reactor 1 is equipped with a hollow stirring shaft 4 penetrating through its center and hollow stirring blades 5 branching from the shaft 4 and rotating on the bottom plate 7 of each stage chamber IA. .

The stirring shaft 4 is rotated in the direction of the arrow by a drive source (not shown).

The stirring blade 5 is provided with a large number of air ejection holes 6, as shown in detail in FIG.

The bottom plate 7 of each stage chamber 1A, .
On the opposite side of the stirring shaft 4, shifted by 80 degrees, a reactant droplet 8 is provided.

The lower side of the setting sun 8 is surrounded by a baffle plate 9 up to the middle part of the step chamber below.

The upper part of each tiered chamber 1A, ie, the lower side of the bottom plate 7 of the upper tiered chamber (this detailed description does not apply to the uppermost tiered chamber since there is no upper tiered chamber).

) A hot water room 10 is provided.

Adjacent hot water chambers 10 are connected by piping 12, the lowest hot water chamber 10 is connected to the inlet of a hot water boiler 13, and the outlet of the hot water boiler 13 is connected to an air heater 15 via a circulation pump 14, The hot water outlet of the heater 15 is connected to the hot water chamber 10 on the top stage.

Clean water 11 is introduced through an intake pipe 16, and surplus hot water is discharged through an exhaust pipe 17.

Therefore, the hot water passes from the hot water boiler 13 through the air heater 14, successively passes through the hot water chambers 10 of each stage from the top, and is returned to the hot water boiler 13 from the bottom hot water room 10.

The hot water boiler 13 is provided with a temperature adjustment means, and when the hot water falls below the lower limit temperature of the set temperature range, a heating means such as heavy oil ignition is activated to raise the hot water temperature above the lower limit temperature.

Moreover, if the temperature exceeds the upper limit, the intake pipe 16 and the discharge pipe 17
Operate the valve to take in clean water and discharge some hot water to bring the hot water temperature below the upper limit temperature.

It goes without saying that this hot water circulation path is provided with safety means to prevent pressure rise, such as by using valves on the intake pipe 16 and the discharge pipe 17.

On the other hand, clean air enters the air preheating equipment 20, passes through the air heater 15, is sucked into the blower 21, enters the stirring shaft 4, and is jetted out from the jetting holes 6 of the stirring blades 5.

The air preheating equipment 18 may include a vinyl house heated by solar heat on the roof of the reactor 1, a baffle plate placed inside the house to bend the air flow to increase the suction efficiency of solar radiant heat, or a bent or spiral shaped greenhouse. Those that effectively utilize solar heat are selected, such as those that allow air to pass through long tubes that have a high absorption rate for solar radiant heat.

A gas exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the upper part of each stage chamber 1A, that is, a part that is not filled with reactants, and the gas exhaust pipes 22 from each stage chamber are appropriately grouped together to form a deodorizing equipment. 2
It is connected to 3.

The gas exhaust pipe 22 from each stage chamber is also connected to the upper part of its upper stage chamber, so that the gas from each stage chamber can be sent to both the deodorizing equipment 23 and the upper stage chamber.

The drawings do not show all the necessary valves.

Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, the air preheating equipment 20 is
The fresh air is piped so that it can pass through a heat exchange pipe 24 and be sent to the deodorizing equipment 23 after being preheated.

The composting apparatus of this invention is constructed as described above.

Next, how to use the composting apparatus of this invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 1, which shows an embodiment of the composting apparatus including auxiliary equipment.

Fermentation and composting raw materials with a water content of about 60% are suitable because they are easy to ferment.

As a raw material for composting, for example, human waste that has been pretreated and dehydrated with a screw press to have a moisture content of about 40%,
Excess sludge with a water content of about 80% that is poorly dehydrated is mixed at a ratio of 6:4 and supplied to the first hopper 30.

The raw material is transferred from the first hopper 30 to the second hopper 3 by a reconveyor.
1, where a fermentation agent 32 is added and sent to a rotary drum pre-fermenter 33.

The raw material sent to the pre-fermentation device 33 is transferred to the fuel tank 34.
By burning the fuel in the burner 35, the raw material is heated to a temperature of 60 to 70° C. that facilitates fermentation, and the raw material starts fermentation.

The raw material for starting fermentation is supplied by the conveyor 36 to the uppermost chamber 1A from the raw material supply port 2 of the composting apparatus 1 of this invention.

The raw materials (reactants) supplied to the composting device 1 remain on the bottom plate 7 of each stage chamber, are stirred and moved by the stirring blades 5, and fall into the lower stage chambers one after another from the setting sun 8, and are transferred to the lowest stage chamber 1F. The reactant is taken out from the reactant take-out port 3.

The lower side of each falling sun 8 is surrounded by a baffle plate 9, and the inside of the baffle plate 9 is filled with the reactant. falls, the amount of reactants in each tray is maintained at a nearly constant amount, and a space is always maintained above each tray.

When the raw material supply port 2 is also surrounded by a baffle plate 9 as shown in FIG. When the amount of reactants taken out is small, the supply port 2 is clogged and the conveyor 26 is automatically stopped.

In addition, the composting device of this invention has a baffle plate 9 at the raw material supply port 2.
The uppermost chamber 1A can be made large-capacity without providing the uppermost chamber 1A, and the uppermost chamber 1A can be used as a raw material storage tank and a pre-fermentation chamber.

Therefore, in this case, the above-mentioned pre-fermentation device 33 can be omitted.

Furthermore, the composting device of this invention does not require modification as described above, omits the pre-fermentation device 33, and has a water content of 95 to 65%.
Raw materials such as garbage and sludge in a relatively large amount are directly charged, and the moisture is evaporated and the temperature is raised in the upper chamber to reach a moisture content of 60%, which is suitable for fermentation.
% and the temperature is about 60°C, and full-scale fermentation can be carried out from the middle stage onwards.

The reactants in each stage chamber are stirred by stirring blades 5 and fermented by being supplied with hot air blown out from air blowing holes 6.

The air preheated by the air preheating equipment 20 is further heated by the air heater 15 and supplied into the stirring shaft 4 by the blower 21 to obtain the air.

Further, the reactants are maintained at the optimum fermentation temperature of 60 to 80° C. by hot water in a hot water chamber 10 provided in each stage chamber.

The reactants generate heat during fermentation, but some of that heat is lost as latent heat of vaporization of water.

When fermentation is active and the fermentation heat absorbs the latent heat of vaporization of water, the hot water in the hot water chamber 10 is heated and the temperature of the hot water sent to the hot water boiler increases, so that the water is removed from the water intake pipe 16. 11, and excess hot water is taken out from the discharge pipe 17 and used for bathing, miscellaneous purposes, etc.

On the other hand, when fermentation is inactive, such as immediately after the start of operation, the temperature of the circulating hot water drops due to the latent heat of vaporization of water, heat dissipation from the equipment, etc., so the hot water boiler 13 is ignited, and the hot water boiler 13
This causes the temperature of the hot water to be sent out to rise.

Evaporation of water in the reactants in each stage can also be suppressed by introducing moisture-rich gas from the stage below it into that stage.

Therefore, the temperature of the reactants in that stage can be increased.

By setting and controlling the temperature of the circulating hot water to an appropriate value and adjusting the path of gas discharge from each tray, the reactants in most trays of the composting apparatus are kept at a moisture content of about 6 liters, which is appropriate for fermentation.
0%, the temperature is maintained at 60 to 80°C, fermentation occurs, and in the lower stage chamber, the evaporation of water is promoted and the temperature of the reactants is lowered, resulting in high-quality compost in one day and night to one week.
It is discharged from outlet 2 as a reaction product at a temperature of 40 to 50°C.

The gas in each stage chamber is collected into the discharge pipe 22 either directly or through the upper stage chamber, and after preheating the fresh air directly or through the heat exchange pipe 24 in the air preheating chamber 20, it is sent to the deodorizing equipment 23. Sent.

The reactant discharged from the outlet 2 is transferred to the screw conveyor 3
At step 7, it is sent to the stirring cooler 38 and cooled.

In the stirring cooler 38, the reactant is cooled by air from the blower 39, and is converted into a compost product 41 with a moisture content of about 20%.
8.

The cooled waste gas is sent to a deodorizer 40.

Since the composting apparatus of this invention is constructed and used as described above, raw materials such as sludge can be turned into compost of excellent quality in a short time, and has many features as follows.

(1) The reactant is heated to an appropriate temperature with hot water and hot air,
Since the temperature is controlled, the composting period is short.

Generally it is around 4 days.

(2) Operating costs are low because the fermentation heat of the reactants is effectively used and solar heat is also utilized.

(3) It is possible to deal with fluctuations in the moisture content, quantity, quality, etc. of raw materials.

(4) There is no need to add a moisture regulating agent to the raw material as seen in conventional composting equipment.

(5) Since high temperature fermentation is performed, various pathogenic bacteria are sterilized and sanitary compost can be obtained.

(6) General household waste, human waste, livestock manure, and other various organic wastes and sludge can be used.

(7) The temperature and moisture content in each tray chamber can be adjusted individually, and the conditions suitable for fermentation can be adjusted. (8) The device is compact and does not take up much space.

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] The drawings all show one embodiment of the composting device according to this invention. 3 is a sectional view taken along III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along IV-IV in FIG. 3. In the drawing, 1 is a composting device, IA, IB...
... Stage chamber, 2 is the raw material supply port, 3 is the reactant outlet, 4 is the stirring shaft, 5 is the stirring blade, 6 is the air outlet, 7 is the bottom plate, 8 is the setting sun, 9 is the baffle plate, 10 is hot water room, 11 is water supply, 12 is piping, 13 is hot water boiler, 14 is circulation pump, 15 is air heater, 16 is water intake pipe, 17 is surplus hot water discharge pipe,
20 is air preheating equipment, 21 is a blower, 22 is a gas discharge pipe, 23 is deodorizing equipment, and 24 is a heat exchange pipe.

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] (1) (a) It consists of a multi-stage vertical cylindrical reactor divided into multiple stages above and below, with a raw material supply port in the top chamber and a reactant outlet in the bottom chamber, (b) The reactor is equipped with a hollow stirring shaft penetrating through its center and hollow stirring blades branching from the shaft and rotating on the bottom plate of each stage chamber, and the stirring blades are provided with air ejection holes, (c) Reactant droplets are provided in the bottom plate of each tray at different positions for each tray, and the lower side of the droplet is surrounded by a baffle plate up to the middle of the tray below. (d) A hot water chamber is provided at the top of each tiered chamber, that is, below the bottom plate of the upper tiered chamber, and hot water passes through the hot water chamber of the uppermost tier and successively enters the lower tier hot water chamber. Piping and water supply means are provided so that water is circulated from the lower hot water room through the hot water boiler and air heater to the hot water room in the uppermost room, and the hot water circulation path includes a clean water intake pipe and a surplus hot water discharge pipe. (e) piping and blowing means are provided so that the air is heated by the air heater, enters the stirring shaft, and is ejected from the jet hole of the stirring blade; (f) the gas in each stage chamber is A composting device characterized in that it is provided with piping that sends the output to the deodorizing equipment through or without passing through the upper chamber. (2) Utility Model Registration Scope of Claims In the composting apparatus according to claim (1), air preheating equipment connected to the air heater is provided on the main body, and the gas sent from each stage chamber to the deodorizing equipment is Composting equipment that is equipped with piping that passes through air preheating equipment. (3) Utility model registration The composting apparatus according to claim (2), wherein the air preheating equipment utilizes solar heat.