JPS58184434A - Ventilating mechanism of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the wall part from dewing by providing a ventilating layer at the wall part of a building and further providing an air chamber, air supply and exhaust means, and a heat exchanger at suitable portions of the building to thereby introduce external air to respective parts within the building via the ventilating layer, air chamber and heat exchanger. CONSTITUTION:The ventilating layer 6 is provided on the wall 4 of the building, and the air chamber 3, air supply and exhaust means 8 and heat exchanger 9 are provided. A wall ventilating layer 61 is formed by providing a space between an outer wall material 41 and a heat insulating material 42 of the wall 4 made of the outer wall material 41, the heat insulating material 42 and an inner wall material 43. Within this ventilating layer 61 is introduced warm air from the inside of the building by passing through the inner wall material 43 and the heat insulating material 42, and further external air is introduced therein through an external ventilating hole 62. The warm air and external air are carried to the air chamber 3 at the upper part of the building by the natural draft and suction of the supply and exhaust means 8. Therefore, warm air containing moisture infiltrated from the building is not dewed on the wall 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a building that prevents condensation on walls and allows ventilation of the air in the building while reducing heat loss.

In recent years, an increasing number of buildings have walls filled with highly insulating materials such as glass wool to improve heating and cooling efficiency. The wall structure of such a building basically consists of three layers: exterior wall material, insulation material, and interior wall material.

However, when heating a building with such a structure, the following problems occur.

That is, when heating such a building, a problem arises in that warm air containing water vapor passes through the inner wall material and the insulation material, reaches the inner surface of the outer wall material that has been cooled by outside air, and condenses there. This condensation causes water droplets to penetrate into the heat insulating material, reducing its heat insulating effect, and further cooling the inner wall material, causing dew condensation on the inner wall surface, causing staining of the inner wall, growth of mold, and the like. In addition, condensed water droplets wet the wooden parts of the walls, and furthermore, drip down and wet the wooden parts of the floors and foundations, causing them to rot and reducing the useful life of the building. This is causing a significant reduction. In particular, in cold regions such as Hokkaido, these phenomena are noticeable and have become a major problem.

In order to prevent such condensation, it is possible to improve the ventilation of the wall, but in that case, heat loss increases, heating efficiency decreases, and energy is wasted. In addition, conventional buildings have ventilation holes on the exterior wall for exhaust air, so while warm air inside escapes to the outside, cold air infiltrates from outside, creating a problem of poor heating efficiency. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a ventilation mechanism that can prevent condensation without reducing heating efficiency.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it provides a ventilation layer in the wall of the building, and also provides air chambers and air supply/air supply at appropriate locations in the building.
An exhaust means and a heat exchanger are provided, and the air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building by raising the heat exchanger, while the air outside is
Warm air containing moisture is introduced into various parts of the building through the ventilation layer, air chamber, and heat exchanger, and is moved together with outside air to the air chamber through the ventilation layer to prevent condensation on the walls. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ventilation mechanism for a building that can perform ventilation with less heat loss due to exhaust air by exchanging heat between air supplied to the building and exhaust air using a heat exchanger. do.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a ventilation layer on the wall of a building, and also provides an air chamber at a suitable location in the building that communicates with the above-mentioned mountain air layer and collects air from the ventilation layer. ,
Exhaust means for discharging air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building, air supply means for supplying air from the air chamber to various parts of the building, and heat exchange between the discharged air and the supplied air are provided at appropriate locations in the building. A heat exchanger is installed, and the air inside the building is exhausted to the outside through the heat exchanger, while the outside air is vented to the outside.

It is configured to be introduced into a building via an air chamber and a heat exchanger.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention. The present invention is based on the conventional wooden construction method, the framed wall construction method,
It is applied to houses and other various buildings made of concrete, pre-novated buildings, etc., and includes a ventilation layer 6 in the wall 4 of the building, an air chamber 3 in the upper part of the building, a supply/exhaust means 8, and a heat exchanger. 9.

In the present invention, the ventilation layer 6 is mainly provided on the wall 4 as a wall ventilation layer 61, or alternatively, a urethral air layer 64 may be provided on the floor 5.

The wall ventilation layer 61 is the outer wall material 41. Thermal insulation material 42 and inner wall material 4
A space is provided between the outer wall material 41 and the heat insulating material 42 of the wall 4 consisting of 3. The reason why the wall ventilation layer 61 is provided between these parts is because dew condensation is likely to occur in this part, and also to reduce heat loss. Father, this ventilation layer 61 is provided to allow air to circulate in the vertical direction of the building.
An external ventilation hole 62 communicating with the outside of the building is provided at its lower end, and a communication hole 63 communicating with the air chamber 3 is provided at its upper end. This ventilation layer 61 is provided on the outer wall of the building, but if necessary, it can also be provided on the walls inside the building.

Note that the urethral air layer 64 is formed with a space provided below the heat insulating material 52 of the floor 5 supported by the joists 51 and the like, and the communication hole 65
It communicates with the wall ventilation layer 61 via.

Inside this ventilation Ii #61, an inner wall material 43 and a heat insulating material 42 are provided.
Warm air enters from inside the building through the air vents 62, and outside air enters through the external ventilation holes 62. These airs are
Since the air is carried to the air chamber 3 in the upper part of the building by natural draft and suction by the supply/exhaust means 8 described later, warm air containing moisture that has permeated from inside the building does not condense on the walls 4.

Note that by changing the opening area of the external ventilation hole 62,
The amount of air flowing in from the outside can be adjusted. In places where vertical circulation is obstructed by windows, windows, etc., the flow of air in the ventilation layer can be ensured by providing through holes, grooves, etc. in the pillars, studs, frames, etc. around the window.

The wall 4 forming the wall ventilation Ni 61 includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, an inner wall material 43 consisting of a moisture-proof/d 431 and an internal finishing material 432, a heat insulating material 42, and an outer wall material 41.

Specific examples of such wall structures are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

In the one shown in FIG. 4, a sheathing board 4]1 and mortar 412 are provided as an exterior wall material 41 on the outside of a vertical frame 44,
As the inner wall material 43, a moisture-proof layer 431 such as a vinyl film and an internal finishing material 432 are provided inside the vertical frame 44, and a heat insulating material 42 such as lath wool is placed between the inner and outer wall materials 41 and the outer wall material 41. It is loaded with a gap provided between them, and this gap is used as the wall ventilation layer 61. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the outer wall is made up of a concrete wall 413 and mortar 412, and a moisture-proof layer 431. Furlance 45 and internal finishing material 4
32 constitutes an inner wall, and a heat insulating material 42 is placed between them with a gap provided between them and a concrete wall 413, and this gap is used as a wall ventilation layer 61.

The air chamber 3 with which the upper end of the wall ventilation layer 61 communicates is provided in the upper part of the building, for example, in the attic 11 surrounded by the roof 1 and the ceiling 2. A heat insulating material 21 is provided on the upper part of the ceiling 2 to improve heat insulation and airtightness, and the attic and other parts are also covered as necessary to improve airtightness. However, this air chamber 3 may be provided with a ventilation hole that can be freely opened and closed so that external air can be introduced directly.

The communication between the air chamber 3 and the ventilation layer 61 is, for example, as shown in FIG. This is done by providing a gap between the heat insulating material 12 and the upper end of the heat insulating material 42 to form a communication hole 63. Although not shown, a duct may be provided at the upper end of the ventilation layer 61. In this way, air is collected in the air chamber 3 via the wall ventilation layer 61 of the can wall 4.

In this embodiment, the air chamber is provided in the attic, but the air chamber is not limited to this and may be provided in a space in the ceiling, a large bag, a closet, etc. If a natural draft is not used for air circulation, an air chamber may be provided in a part other than the upper part of the building.

For example, the space between the ceiling on the first floor and the bottom of the floor on the second floor can be used.

The supply/exhaust means 8 consists of an air supply means 81 and an exhaust means 82, and is installed on the ceiling 2 constituting the air chamber 3.
It supplies air to various parts of the building and exhausts the air inside the building to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 6, the air supply means 81 consists of intake ports 84a and 84b% fans 85 that open in the air chamber, and ducts 83 that communicate with each part, and distributes the air in the air chamber 3 to the necessary areas such as each room and hallway. The location is supplied via duct 83.

Dust in the supplied air can be removed by installing appropriate filters on the intakes 084a and 84bK. Note that the intake ports 84a and 84b are used by being cut out by a damper (not shown).

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust means 82 includes a duct 86 that corresponds to the duct 83 and communicates with each part, and a duct 87 that communicates with the outside of the building. to be discharged.

In this embodiment, the air supply means 81 is provided with a fan 85, and the exhaust means 82 is configured to exhaust air by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to forced air supply, but conversely, a fan is provided on the exhaust means 82 side. It may also be a forced exhaust type. In particular, a fan may be interposed at an appropriate position in the duct 86 for parts that require rapid evacuation. Of course, it is also possible to provide a configuration in which both the air supply means 81 and the exhaust means 82 are provided with fans.

A heat exchanger 9 is installed in the middle of the supply/exhaust means 8, and the supply air and exhaust air pass through the heat exchanger 9 without mixing with each other. For example, as shown in FIG.
The heat pipe 92 performs heat exchange.

As shown in FIG. 8, the heat pipe 92 is constructed by installing a wick 94 such as a mesh or fiber that causes capillary action in a tubular airtight container 93 called a container, and filling an appropriate amount of a working fluid such as Freon. The outer wall of the sealed container has fins 9 to increase the contact area with the air.
5 is a provision.

When one end side of this heat pipe 92 is set as a heat receiving side A and the other end side is set as a heat radiating side B, the former is brought into contact with warm air from inside the building, and the latter is brought into contact with low temperature air in the air chamber 3.
A temperature difference is created between the heat receiving side A and the heat dissipating side B, and the airtight container 9
The working fluid in 3 undergoes a cycle of evaporation and condensation, thereby performing heat exchange. That is, the working fluid is on the heat receiving side A
The vapor is heated and evaporated by the exhaust air, and the vapor rapidly flows inside the closed container 93 and reaches the heat radiation side B, where it is cooled by the low-temperature supply air, condenses, and returns to liquid. It flows back to the heat receiving part A of the source by capillary action.

Heat exchange is performed by the working fluid receiving heat as heat of evaporation on the heat receiving side A and releasing this heat as heat of condensation on the heat releasing side B during repetition of this cycle.

Although a heat pipe is used as the heat exchanger in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and other heat exchange means may be used.

According to such a configuration, air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through the heat receiving side A of the heat exchanger 9, while outside air is collected into the air chamber 3 through the ventilation layer 6, heat radiation side B
Since it is supplied to each part of the building through 1...II,:, it is possible to eliminate the conventional external wall ventilation holes that allow cold air to enter, and it also allows for heat exchange between exhaust air and supply air, and heating during ventilation. A certain amount of heat can be recovered. Moreover, since the air in the air chamber 3 is mixed with warm air that has passed through the ventilation layer 6 from the room and has a higher temperature than the outside air, there is an advantage that the capacity of the heat exchanger can be small. Also, wall 4
When part of the room is exposed to sunlight, the air in the ventilation layer 6 is heated by solar heat, which can further increase the temperature inside the air chamber and reduce the heating capacity accordingly.

On the other hand, during non-heating, the damper can be switched to
While closing the a side, the intake port 84b side is opened to directly supply outside air to each part of the building without going through the heat exchanger 9. In this case, the configuration may be such that external air is directly introduced into the air chamber 3 without passing through the ventilation layer 6.

As explained above, the present invention provides a ventilation layer in the wall of a building, and also provides an air chamber, a supply/exhaust means, and a heat exchanger at appropriate locations in the building, so that the air inside the building can be heated. By configuring the structure so that air is discharged to the outside of the building via an exchanger, and on the other hand, outside air is introduced into various parts of the building via a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger, it is possible to prevent air from penetrating inside the walls during heating use. Warm air containing diffused moisture can be moved together with outside air into the air chamber through the ventilation layer, preventing dew condensation on the walls, which can cause deterioration of insulation and building decay.
By exchanging heat between the air supplied into the building and the exhaust air using a heat exchanger, heat loss due to the exhaust air can be reduced and ventilation can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer that constitutes the ventilation mechanism of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a wall forming the wall ventilation layer. FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of main parts showing an example of the structure and an example of communication with the air chamber;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a specific example of a wall structure forming a wall ventilation layer, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of supply/exhaust means constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a specific example of the wall structure forming the wall ventilation layer. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a heat exchanger constituting the ventilation mechanism, and FIG. 8 is a cutaway perspective view of a main part showing an example of a heat pipe used in the heat exchanger. 1... Roof 11... Attic 2... Ceiling 3
...Air chamber 4...Wall 41...Outer wall material 4
2... Insulation material 43... Inner wall material 5... Floor 6.
...Ventilation layer 61...Wall ventilation layer 62...
External ventilation holes 63, 65...Communication hole 8...
Supply/exhaust means 81... Air supply means 82... Exhaust means 83, 86, 87... Duct 84a,
84b...Intake port 85...Fan 9...Heat exchanger 91...Frame 92...Heat vibe 93...Airtight container 94...Wick
95... Rain applicant Nissho Heating Co., Ltd. Figure 4 Figure 2 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A ventilation layer is provided in the wall of the building, and an air chamber is provided at an appropriate location in the building to communicate with the ventilation layer and collect air from the ventilation layer; It comprises an exhaust means for discharging air to the outside of the building, an air supply means for supplying air from the air chamber to each part of the building, and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the discharge air and the supply air, A ventilation system for a building, characterized in that air inside the building is exhausted to the outside through a heat exchanger, while outside air is introduced into the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger.