JPS5886342A - Ventilating system of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To contrive to prevent the bedewing and to reduce the heat loss by a structure wherein an air chamber, which communicates to the inside of walls, the inside of floors and the outside air, are provided while a means for supplying the air in the air chamber to the various parts of the building, a means for exhausting the air in the various parts to outside and a heat exchanger are provided. CONSTITUTION:Ventilating layers 6, which communicates the inside of walls, the inside of floors to each other and to outside air, consist of wall ventilating layers 61, floor ventilating layers 64, outside vent holes 62 and communicating holes 63 and 65. Furthermore, the air chamber 3, into which air is collected by communicating to the ventilating layers 6, the exhaustion means 82 for exhausting the air in the various parts within the building to outside and the supply means 81 for supplying the air in the air chamber 3 to the various parts in the building are provided at the suitable location of the building. In addition, said exhausted air and supplying air are head-exchanged with each other through the heat exchanger 9. Owing to the structure as described above, the prevention of moisture condensation on the walls 4 and the floors 5 and the ventilation with a small heat loss can be enabled.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a building that prevents condensation on walls and floors and allows the air in the building to be ventilated with reduced heat loss.

In recent years, in order to improve heating and cooling efficiency, an increasing number of buildings have walls and floors filled with highly insulating layers such as glass wool. The wall structure of such a building basically consists of three layers: an outer wall material, a heat insulation layer, and an inner wall H. However, when heating a building with such a structure, the following problems were encountered.

That is, when such a building is heated, a problem arises in that warm air containing water vapor passes through the inner wall material and the insulation, reaches the inner surface of the outer wall material cooled by outside air, and condenses there. This condensation is caused by water droplets penetrating the insulation material and
l! J f is lowered, and the inner wall material f is cooled, causing dew condensation on the inner wall surface, causing staining of the inner wall and the growth of mold. 5/ The condensed water drops separate the wooden parts of the wall, causing them to flow down and drip, wetting the wooden parts of the floor and foundation, causing them to rot and reducing the useful life of the building. This is the reason for the significant shrinkage. In particular, in cold regions such as Hokkaido, these phenomena are noticeable and have become a major problem.

Condensation also occurs on the floor, especially if a floor heating system is installed, as the floor and foundation are heated.
There is a problem that mushrooms will grow and decay will be accelerated.

To prevent such dew condensation, it is possible to improve the ventilation of walls and floors, but in that case, heat loss increases, heating efficiency decreases, and energy is wasted. Moreover,
Conventional buildings have ventilation holes in their exterior walls for ventilation, so while warm air from inside escapes to the outside, cold air from outside sneaks in, which originally poses the problem of poor heating efficiency. .

Therefore, it was desirable to develop a ventilation means that could prevent condensation without reducing heating efficiency.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and includes providing ventilation layers in the walls and floors of buildings, and providing air chambers, supply/exhaust means, and heat exchangers at appropriate locations in the building. , the air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through a heat exchanger, while the outside air is introduced into various parts of the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger. Warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses inside the walls and floors can be moved together with outside air to the air chamber through the ventilation layer, preventing condensation on the walls and floors. An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system for a building that can perform ventilation with less heat loss due to exhaust air by exchanging heat between supply air and exhaust air.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides ventilation layers in the walls and floors of a building that communicate with each other and with the outside air, and at appropriate locations in the building, communicates with the ventilation layers and provides ventilation. Air chamber that collects air from the layers and air 1r in each part of the building
It comprises an exhaust means for discharging the air to the outside of the building, an air supply means for supplying the air from the air chamber to each part of the building, and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust air and the supply air,
It is constructed so that air inside the building is exhausted to the outside through a heat exchanger, while outside air is introduced into the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation system of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a building provided with a ventilation hole constituting the ventilation system of the present invention. The present invention is based on the conventional wooden construction method, the framed wall construction method,
It is applied to houses and various other buildings made of concrete, brenopu, etc., and has a ventilation layer 6 in the walls 4 and floor 5 of the building, an air chamber 3 in the upper part of the building, and supply/exhaust means 8.
#lv is constructed by providing a heat exchanger 9 and a heat exchanger 9.

The ventilation layer 6 consists of a wall ventilation layer 61 provided on the wall 4 and a floor ventilation #64 provided on the floor 5. The wall ventilation layer 61 is
External wall material 41. The wall 4 is formed of a heat insulating material 42 and an inner wall material 43, with a space provided between the outer wall material 41 and the heat insulating material 42. The reason why the wall ventilation layer 61 is provided between these parts is because dew condensation is likely to occur in this part, and also to reduce heat loss.

This ventilation layer 61 is provided on each wall around the outer periphery of the building.
Furthermore, if necessary, it can also be provided on a wall inside the building. On the other hand, the urethral air layer 64 is formed between the walls 'f' below the heat insulating material 52 of the floor 5, and in buildings with two or more stories, it is also provided on each floor above the second floor if necessary.

The wall ventilation layer 61 distributes air in the vertical direction of the building.
An external ventilation hole 62 communicating with the outside of the building is provided at the lower end, and a communication hole 63 communicating with the air chamber 3 is provided at the upper end. Evening, floor ventilation
-64 is in communication with the wall ventilation layer 61 through a communication hole 65 provided between the cloth foundation 71 and the foundation 72 (7).Thereby, the entire building is surrounded by the ventilation layer 6. It is in a state where it can be used.

Into this ventilation layer 6, warm air enters from inside the building by passing through the inner wall material 43 and the heat insulating side 42, passing through the floor 5 and the heat insulating side 52, and entering from outside through the external ventilation hole 62. The air comes in. This air is drawn into the upper part of the building by natural draft and suction by the supply/exhaust means 8 described later. Since it is carried to the air chamber 3, the warm air containing moisture that has permeated from inside the building does not condense on the walls 4 and floor 5Vc.

Note that by changing the opening area of the external ventilation hole 62,
It is possible to adjust the amount of air flowing in from the outside. In places where vertical circulation is obstructed by walls, windows, etc., the flow of air in the ventilation layer can be ensured by providing through holes, grooves, etc. in the pillars, studs, frames, etc. around the vertical structure.

The wall 4 forming the wall ventilation N61 includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, an inner wall material 43 consisting of a moisture-proof layer 431 and an internal finishing material 432, a heat insulating material 42, and an outer wall material 41.

FIG. 4 shows a concrete example of such a wall structure.

It is shown in FIG. What is shown in FIG.
4, and an inner wall material 43 such as a vinyl film or the like is provided on the outside of the vertical frame 44, and an internal finishing material 432 is provided on the inside of the vertical frame 44. is loaded with a gap provided between it and the outer wall material 41, and this gap is used as the wall ventilation layer 61 and t, fc. The one shown in Fig. 5 consists of an outer wall made of concrete wall 413 and mortar 412, and has a moisture-proof I@431. Rim 4
5 and an internal finishing material 432 constitute an inner wall, and a heat insulator @42 is placed between them with a gap provided in the curve with the concrete wall 413, and this gap is used as wall ventilation 1-61.

A specific example of the structure of the floor 5 forming the urethral air layer 64 is shown in FIG.
It is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. What is shown in Figure 6 is the joist 51
A base plate 53 is provided on top, a floor finishing material 54f is provided on this,
The space below the heat insulating side 52 is formed by attaching a heat insulator @52 such as glass wool to the lower surface of the base plate 53.
becomes. What is shown in Fig. 7 is a concrete slab 73.
A joist 51 and a small joist 511 are installed on the top through a packing 512.
A base plate 53 is placed on the small joists 511, a tatami mat 541 is laid on top of this, and the supports provided between each joist 5] and 51 provide insulation @52 between the board 55 and the base plate 53. The urethral air layer 64 is formed between the plate 55 and the slab 73. The one shown in FIG. 8 is equipped with a floor heating system, in which a joist 51 is provided on a concrete slab 73 via a packing 512, a support plate 55 is placed on the joist 51, and a hard plate is placed on top of the joist 51. A leveling mortar 57 is placed on top of the heat insulating side 56, heating piping 58 is placed, these are covered with mortar, finishing mortar 59 is applied to the base, and a floor finishing material 54 is provided. The space between the plate 55 and the slab 73 becomes the urethral air layer 64.

The air chamber 3 with which the upper end of the wall ventilation layer 61 communicates is provided in the upper part of the building, for example, in the attic 11 surrounded by the roof 1 and the ceiling 2. A heat insulating side 21 is provided at the top of the ceiling 2 to provide good heat insulation and airtightness.9. .

If necessary, the roof and other parts will also be covered with padding to ensure confidentiality. This air chamber 3 and wall ventilation +1
61, for example, as shown in FIG.
This is done by providing a gap between the upper end of the insulation @42 and forming a communication hole 63.

Although not shown, a duct may be provided at the upper end of the ventilation layer 61. In this way, air is collected in the air chamber 3 through the wall ventilation layer 61f of the various types 4.

In this embodiment, the air chamber is provided in the shears, but the air chamber is not limited to this, and may be provided in a ceiling space, a large bag, a closet, etc. If the natural draft in the ventilation layer is not used for air circulation, the air chamber may be covered with a gold film in areas other than the upper part of the building.

For example, the space between the ceiling on the first floor and the bottom of the floor on the second floor can be used.

The supply/exhaust means 8 consists of an air supply means 81 and an exhaust means 82, and is installed on the ceiling 2 constituting the air chamber 3.
It supplies air to various parts of the building and exhausts the air inside the building to the outside. As shown in FIG. 9, the air supply means 81 consists of an intake port 84 that opens in the air chamber, a fan 85, and a duct 83 that leads to the valley, and distributes the air in the air chamber 3 to necessary locations such as each room and hallway. is supplied through a duct 83.

By attaching a suitable filter to this intake port 84, it is possible to remove dust from the supplied air.

On the other hand, the exhaust means 82, as shown in FIG. to be discharged.

In this embodiment, the air supply means 81 is provided with a fan 85, and the exhaust means 82 is configured to exhaust air by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to forced air supply, but conversely, a fan is provided on the exhaust means 82 side. It may also be a forced exhaust type. In particular, a fan may be interposed at an appropriate position in the duct 86 for parts that require rapid evacuation. Of course, the fan f may be provided in both the air supply means 81 and the exhaust means 82.

A heat exchanger 9 is installed in the middle of the supply/exhaust means 8, and the supply air and exhaust air pass through the heat exchanger 9f without mixing with each other. As shown in FIG. 10, the heat exchanger 9 includes a frame 91 and a large number of heat pipes 92 arranged therein, and the heat pipes 92 perform heat exchange.

As shown in FIG. 11, the heat pipe 92 is provided with a wick 94 such as a mesh or fiber that causes capillary action in a tubular sealed container 93 called a container.
It is made by filling an appropriate amount of a working fluid such as Freon, and the outer wall of the closed container is provided with fins 95 to increase the contact area with the air.

When one end side of this heat pipe 92 is set as a heat receiving side A and the other end side is set as a heat radiating side B, the former is brought into contact with warm air from inside the building, and the latter is brought into contact with low temperature air in the air chamber 3.
A temperature difference is created between the heat receiving side A and the heat releasing side B, and the working fluid in the closed container 93 undergoes an evaporation/condensation cycle, thereby performing heat exchange. That is, the working fluid is heated and evaporated by the exhaust air on the heat-receiving side A, and the vapor rapidly flows inside the closed container 93 and reaches the heat dissipation (iItlB) [7, where it is cooled by the low-temperature supply air. It condenses and returns to liquid, and returns to the original heat receiving part A by Wick 940 capillary action.In the heat exchange, as this cycle is repeated, the working fluid receives heat as heat of evaporation on the heat receiving side A, and returns to the heat dissipating side B. This is done by releasing this heat as heat of condensation.

Although a heat pipe is used as the heat exchanger in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and other heat exchange means may be used.

According to such a configuration, the air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through the heat receiving section 9tllA of the heat exchanger 9, while the outside air is collected into the air chamber 3 through the ventilation layer 6, and the air is discharged outside the building through the heat exchanger 9. Since the heat is supplied to each part of the building through the heat dissipation 1lIIIB of A certain amount of heat can be recovered.Moreover, the air in the air chamber 3 is mixed with warm air that has passed through the ventilation layer 6 from the room, and the temperature becomes higher than the outside air.
This has the advantage that the capacity of the heat exchanger can be small. Also, when a part of the wall 4 is exposed to sunlight, the ventilation layer 6 is
Since the air inside is heated, the air mf in the air chamber can be further increased, and the heating capacity can be reduced accordingly.

On the other hand, when using the air conditioner, the heat pipe 92 has the air supply side as the heat receiving side and the exhaust side as the heat radiating side, cooling the supplied air with the cooled exhaust air, thereby increasing the cooling efficiency. Ventilation can be done without dropping. In addition, it is also possible to provide a structure in which a duct and a damper are provided, and by switching the damper, outside air can be directly supplied to each part of the building.

As explained above, the present invention provides ventilation layers in the walls and floors of buildings, and also provides air chambers, supply/exhaust means, and heat exchangers at appropriate locations in the building. Air is discharged to the outside of the building through a heat exchanger, while outside air is introduced into various parts of the building through the ventilation layer, air chamber, and heat exchanger. The warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses inside the floor can be moved together with the outside air to the air chamber through the ventilation layer.
It is possible to prevent condensation on walls and floors, which can cause deterioration of insulation properties and decay of buildings. This has the effect of reducing heat loss and increasing ventilation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation system of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of a building provided with ventilation # that constitutes the ventilation system of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a wall forming the wall ventilation layer. FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of main parts showing an example of the structure and an example of communication with the air chamber;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a specific example of the wall structure forming the wall ventilation 1-, FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a specific example of the floor structure forming the urethral air N4, FIG. Figure 8 is a partial sectional view showing a specific example of the floor structure forming the urethral air layer;
The figure is a perspective view showing an example of the supply/exhaust means constituting the ventilation system of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the heat exchanger constituting the ventilation system of the present invention, and FIG. It is a principal part notch diagonal W1 diagram which shows an example of the heat pipe used. 1... Roof ] 1... Attic 2... Ceiling 3... Air chamber lI/Wall 41... External wall material 42... Insulation @ 43... Inner wall insulation 5... Floor 51
... Joist 52 ... Insulation system 54 ... Floor finishing material 6 ... Ventilation 1-61 ... Wall bending Ni62 ... External ventilation holes 63, 65 ... Communication hole 64 ... Urethral air layer 8... Supply/exhaust means 81... Air supply means 82... Exhaust means 83, 86, 87...
Duct 84...Intake 85...Fan 9.
... Heat exchanger 91 ... Frame body 92 ... Heat pipe 93 ... Sealed container 94 ... Wick 95 ...
・Fin Applicant: Eyetome Heating Co., Ltd. Figure 1 Figure 3 ・C-i? 7 Figure 2 ■ Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Factor 4 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 C information

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] Ventilation layers that communicate with each other and the outside air are provided in the walls and floors of the building, and the air from the ventilation layers is communicated with the ventilation layers at appropriate locations in the building. an air chamber for collecting air, an exhaust means for discharging air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building, an air supply means for supplying air from the air chamber to various parts of the building, and heat exchange between the discharged air and the supplied air. It is configured to discharge air inside the building to the outside through the heat exchanger, while introducing outside air into the building through the ventilation layer, air chamber, and heat exchanger. A ventilation system for buildings that is characterized by