JPS581077A - 腐蝕防止方法および器具 - Google Patents
腐蝕防止方法および器具Info
- Publication number
- JPS581077A JPS581077A JP57101270A JP10127082A JPS581077A JP S581077 A JPS581077 A JP S581077A JP 57101270 A JP57101270 A JP 57101270A JP 10127082 A JP10127082 A JP 10127082A JP S581077 A JPS581077 A JP S581077A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- conductive polymer
- substrate
- conductive
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037074 physically active Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000032484 Accidental exposure to product Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013646 Hycar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000375392 Tana Species 0.000 description 1
- VEMHQNXVHVAHDN-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VEMHQNXVHVAHDN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000818 accidental exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical group [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27285481A | 1981-06-12 | 1981-06-12 | |
| US272854 | 1981-06-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS581077A true JPS581077A (ja) | 1983-01-06 |
| JPH0242908B2 JPH0242908B2 (enExample) | 1990-09-26 |
Family
ID=23041593
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57101270A Granted JPS581077A (ja) | 1981-06-12 | 1982-06-12 | 腐蝕防止方法および器具 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0067679B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS581077A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE46925T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU558619B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR8203464A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1236046A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3279969D1 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK159934C (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2100290B (enExample) |
| HK (1) | HK94286A (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MX153625A (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY8800092A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO157220C (enExample) |
| SG (1) | SG48086G (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4473450A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-09-25 | Raychem Corporation | Electrochemical method and apparatus |
| NO162427C (no) * | 1983-12-13 | 1990-01-03 | Raychem Corp | Fremgangsmaate og anode for katodisk beskyttelse av et korroderbart substrat. |
| GB2170512A (en) * | 1985-01-08 | 1986-08-06 | Taylor Woodrow Const Ltd | Conductive paint for cathodic protection of steel or like reinforcement in concrete |
| US4926165A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1990-05-15 | Raychem Corporation | Devices for detecting and obtaining information about an event |
| AU601369B2 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1990-09-13 | Raychem Corporation | Hydrocarbon sensor |
| US4806272A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1989-02-21 | Acheson Industries, Inc. | Conductive cathodic protection compositions and methods |
| DE3775097D1 (de) | 1986-02-20 | 1992-01-23 | Raychem Corp | Einen ionentauschenden stoff verwendende verfahren und gegenstand. |
| US5183694A (en) * | 1988-04-19 | 1993-02-02 | Webb Michael G | Inhibiting corrosion in reinforced concrete |
| AT396022B (de) * | 1988-05-17 | 1993-05-25 | Vaillant Gmbh | Brennerbeheiztes geraet |
| JPH06508178A (ja) * | 1991-04-15 | 1994-09-14 | エヌ・ヴェ・レイケム・ソシエテ・アノニム | 金属物体を電気的に保護する方法、該方法を行うための接地電極および接地電極用の組成物 |
| GB9116114D0 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1991-09-11 | Raychem Ltd | Corrosion protection system |
| GB9221706D0 (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1992-12-02 | Raychem Sa Nv | Repair of damaged electrode in impressed current corrosion protection system |
| GB9412979D0 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1994-08-17 | Asw Ltd | Corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete |
| GB9520588D0 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1995-12-13 | Raychem Sa Nv | Corrosion protection and electrical grounding |
| US6645629B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2003-11-11 | Mikuni Color, Ltd. | Conductive antioxidant paint and graphite electrode |
| DE10114103A1 (de) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-10-02 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Durchflussmesseinrichtung |
| EP1437257A3 (de) | 2003-01-13 | 2005-12-07 | Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. | Kurzschlussvorrichting für das Schienennetz einer elektrischen Bahn mit einer Stromschiene zur Speisung des elektrischen Antriebs |
| DE102008006871A1 (de) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Gastankanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| RU2541085C1 (ru) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-02-10 | Николай Николаевич Петров | Способ защиты катодно-поляризуемых металлических конструкций и сооружений, покрытие для защиты металлических конструкций и сооружений, электрохимически активный композиционный и гидроизоляционный низкоомный материалы для защиты металлических конструкций |
| CN119642032A (zh) * | 2024-11-11 | 2025-03-18 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种环式钢管接口处水力自驱动防腐层结构 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2921167A (en) * | 1967-11-01 | 1969-05-08 | Tebbetts Shutt George | Method and system for protecting corrosible metal structures |
| BE795843A (fr) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-08-23 | Storry Smithson & Co Ltd | Perfectionnements relatifs a un systeme de protection cathodique |
| DE2839085A1 (de) * | 1978-09-08 | 1980-03-20 | Battelle Institut E V | Korrosionsschutzummantelung fuer erdverlegte stahlrohre |
| GB2046789B (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1983-01-26 | Imi Marston Ltd | Impressed current systems for cathodic protection |
| US4255241A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-03-10 | Kroon David H | Cathodic protection apparatus and method for steel reinforced concrete structures |
-
1982
- 1982-06-10 AU AU84779/82A patent/AU558619B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 CA CA000405041A patent/CA1236046A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 MX MX193117A patent/MX153625A/es unknown
- 1982-06-11 BR BR8203464A patent/BR8203464A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-11 EP EP82303022A patent/EP0067679B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 GB GB8217000A patent/GB2100290B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 DK DK265082A patent/DK159934C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-11 AT AT82303022T patent/ATE46925T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-11 NO NO821955A patent/NO157220C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-11 EP EP85109176A patent/EP0174471A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-06-11 DE DE8282303022T patent/DE3279969D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-06-12 JP JP57101270A patent/JPS581077A/ja active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-05-26 SG SG48086A patent/SG48086G/en unknown
- 1986-12-04 HK HK942/86A patent/HK94286A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-12-30 MY MY92/88A patent/MY8800092A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE46925T1 (de) | 1989-10-15 |
| HK94286A (en) | 1986-12-12 |
| JPH0242908B2 (enExample) | 1990-09-26 |
| AU8477982A (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| EP0067679A1 (en) | 1982-12-22 |
| NO157220B (no) | 1987-11-02 |
| CA1236046A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
| DE3279969D1 (en) | 1989-11-09 |
| EP0067679B1 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| GB2100290A (en) | 1982-12-22 |
| NO821955L (no) | 1982-12-13 |
| BR8203464A (pt) | 1983-06-07 |
| DK159934C (da) | 1991-05-27 |
| AU558619B2 (en) | 1987-02-05 |
| SG48086G (en) | 1988-01-15 |
| MX153625A (es) | 1986-12-05 |
| MY8800092A (en) | 1988-12-31 |
| DK159934B (da) | 1990-12-31 |
| NO157220C (no) | 1988-02-10 |
| DK265082A (da) | 1982-12-13 |
| GB2100290B (en) | 1984-02-08 |
| EP0174471A1 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
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