JPS58106455A - Ultrasonic test equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To detect the position and size of a fault at each position in a body to be inspected through simple operation with high precision by using a probe whose radiation angle and focusing depth of an ultrasonic wave beam are optionally settable. CONSTITUTION:The flaw detection angle and focusing depth of a radiated ultrasonic wave beam from a probe 5 having oscillators 6i arrayed in the same plane are set by a flaw detection angle setter 7 and a focusing depth setter 8 respectively and when a selected oscillator 6i is excited, the timing of excitation corresponding to a set value is adjusted by a controller 9. Then, an excitation signal is supplied to each selected oscillator 6i through a transmitter 10, each reflected sound by each oscillator 6i is reflected by a fault in the body to be inspected, and each reflected sound is frequency-discriminated by a receiver 11. Further, respective received signals are summed up by a digital adder 13 on the basis of the timing from the controller 9, and the sum signal is processed by a digital analog converter 14 to supply the resulting video output to a waveform display 16.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field of the Invention This invention relates to an improvement in an ultrasonic flaw detection device for detecting the position and size of defects existing inside an object to be inspected such as a metal material.

Technical background of the invention and its problems Ultrasonic flaw detection is an ultrasonic flaw detection method that uses ultrasonic waves to detect defects such as cracks, cavities, and boundaries due to material changes that exist inside objects to be inspected such as metal materials. A vertical flaw detection method in which an ultrasonic beam is emitted perpendicular to the surface of the object to be inspected, and an oblique flaw detection method in which the entire ultrasonic beam is emitted at a certain angle to the surface of the object to be inspected are employed.

In the conventional VC, one probe is installed so that the ultrasonic beam is radiated perpendicularly to the surface of the object 2 to be inspected, as in the vertical flaw detection method shown in FIG. 1(A), for example. However, probe 1. Since the ultrasonic beam emitted from , , has a spread and a sound pressure distribution, the position A in the range close to the probe 1
- A' or B -8' (The diameter of the ultrasonic beam emitted from the probe 1 is approximately equal to the diameter of the probe 1, but it is separated from the probe 1 by a certain degree. position C
-cl, ultrasonic beam 0 emitted from probe 1:
It spreads at a certain angle depending on the probe and the flaw detection frequency. In addition, the sound pressure distribution within the ultrasound beam at each of the above positions is as shown in Figure 1 (b). , the level is high, but there are complex peaks in the distribution, which tends to cause errors when detecting the position of the defect. Since the sound pressure level gradually decreases towards the end, it is difficult to accurately detect the size of the defect.

In response to the above-mentioned problems, recently both the vertical flaw detection method and the oblique flaw detection method have been developed as shown in Fig. 2 (a).

As shown in Fig. 1, an acoustic lens 3 made of Nora Tenoku or the like is attached to the probe 1, and the ultrasonic beam is focused on the part of the object 2 to be inspected to detect defects. A device has been developed that allows flaw detection of position and size with high precision. Note that 4 in FIG. 2 is an angle setting wedge for radiating the ultrasonic beam to the object 2 to be inspected at a predetermined angle.

The radioactivity of the ultrasonic beam from the probe 1 is as follows:
As shown in Figure 2 (a) and (b), at the focused position of the ultrasound beam, the spread of the ultrasound beam is small;
Therefore, the position and size of the defect inside the tatami body 2 to be inspected
Can detect flaws with high precision.

On the other hand, at a position E away from the focal point of the ultrasonic beam, the width of the ultrasonic beam expands significantly, and the position and size of the defect on the object to be inspected 2 cannot be determined to a depth of MJn degrees.

Normally, in order to detect defects in the inspected object 2 with high precision,
The ultrasonic beam must be focused at all seam values for flaw detection, but the position of the focal point, that is, the depth of focus, is determined by the radiation angle and spread of the ultrasonic beam based on nine conditions. The angle and expansion conditions are uniquely determined by the diameter of the probe 1, the configuration of the acoustic lens 3, the configuration of the angle setting wedge 4, and the local wave number of the ultrasonic beam. Therefore, in order to accurately detect defects that may exist in various parts inside the object 2 to be inspected, various probes 1 with different emission angles and focal depths of ultrasonic beams are prepared, and flaw detection is performed. It is necessary to change the probe 1 according to the part to be inspected, which makes the flaw detection operation complicated.

Purpose of the Invention The present invention has been developed in view of the above circumstances, and uses a probe that allows the emission angle and focal depth of an ultrasonic beam to be set arbitrarily, thereby detecting the presence of ultrasonic beams in various internal parts of an object to be inspected. An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic flaw detection device that can detect the position and size of a defect with high accuracy and with ease of operation.

Summary of the Invention An ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus according to the present invention includes a probe integrally formed with a plurality of transducers, a transmission system capable of adjusting the temporal timing of exciting each transducer of the probe, and and a receiving system that collects and displays each received signal from each reflected sound of each prefecture element of the probe in a waveform.

Examples of the invention An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection equipment by Fukomei. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 5 indicates a plurality of (n) oscillators 6 i (i-1+ 2
+...In), and a transducer 6-i (i=1.2+...I) housed in this probe 5.
n) is made of a material having a piezoelectric effect such as piezoelectric ceramics, and in this embodiment, each vibrator 6-i (i=1
2, .

Here, the configuration of the transmission system is as follows:
-1 (1=1, ・2・, −, n) The output ends of the flaw detection angle setting device 7 and the focal depth setting device 8, which set the immersion angle and focal depth of the ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic waves, are delayed. One output end of this delay time controller 9 is connected to an input end of a transmitter group 100, and this transmitter group 1° is connected to the transducer 6-i (1=1121 ...I
n), and each of these output ends is connected to the input ends of all the vibrators 6-1 (t=1, 2 +"・+n). It's a delay time control. The other output end of the receiver 9 is led to a receiving system which will be described later.

Here, the delay time controller 9 controls the vibrator 6 1 (
i=1.2. -, n), for example, m (1 < m < 4 n ) vibrators 6 i
This is to set the temporal timing when (1=1 + 2 + . . . ' r m ) is excited in accordance with the settings 11g of the hot water sampling angle setting device 7 and focal depth setting device 8.

Further, the transmitter group 10 includes pre-selected transducers 6-i (i-
1, 2, .

By the way, the configuration of the receiving system includes the vibrator 6 of the probe 5.
The output end of t (i=1 + 2 +..., n) is
It is connected to each input terminal of the corresponding receiver group 1. This receiver group 11 includes each vibrator 6-i (i=t 121
..., n) receives 100 waves, the received signal is converted into an electrical signal and is amplified and frequency filtered. Furthermore, the output terminal of the receiver 4H group 11 is connected to one input terminal of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter 12, and the other input terminal of this high-speed analog-to-digital converter 11 is connected to the delay time controller of the transmission system. The other output end of 9 is connected. Here, the high-speed analog-to-digital converter 12 sets the digital conversion start time of the analog received signal that has been amplified and frequency filtered by the receiver group 11 using the output signal of the delay time controller 9. , to be converted digitally.

The output end of the high-speed analog to digital converter 12 is connected to the input end of a digital adder 13 that digitally adds each received signal converted into a 7'' digital amount by the high speed analog to 7'' digital converter 12. , this r sotal adder 1
The output terminal of 3 is connected to the input terminal of a digital-to-analog converter 140 which converts the digital sum signal calculated by the digital adder 13 into analog to obtain an analog sum waveform. The output end of this digital/analog converter 14 is connected via a detector 15 or directly to a display 16 such as a cathode ray tube oscilloscope via a switch 17. Here, the detector 15
is for displaying the above-mentioned added received waveform on the display 16 as a detected waveform.

Next, the operation of the ultrasonic flaw detection device according to the present invention having the above configuration will be explained with reference to FIGS. A diagram showing the operation, FIG. 4(c) is a diagram for explaining the operation of setting the flaw detection angle and focal depth of the ultrasonic beam. The flaw detection angle setting device 7, focal depth setting device 8, and delay time controller 9 shown in FIG.
2. . . . n) When the temporal timing of the transmission signal for IR excitation is set, the 6 transmission groups 10 transmit the transducer 6-i of the probe 5 (i=1+2. . . n), the transmission signal 18-1 (1-1+ 2+... 1m), and their transmission signal 18-1(1" 1 + 2
+ ”' + m ) is the delay time ΔTi (i = 1
r 2 r..., m-1), m oscillators 6-1 (i = 1, 2,...
.

m) is this delay time ΔTl(i==1, 2, ・
....

m-1)"k, and each emits an ultrasonic wave.

The ultrasonic waves emitted first here reach further inside the inspected object 2 than the ultrasonic waves emitted later,
Furthermore, since the radiated ultrasonic waves will interfere with each other, the sound field will be an ultrasonic beam with all the radiation angles. Note that this ultrasonic beam has a transducer 6-1 (1=1 + 2
+...+m), it lags behind and tilts in the direction of the emitted ultrasound. Also, similar to the above, the delay time ΔT
i (1'''1 + 2 + ''' + m), the transducers 61 (+ = 1 r 2 r . . . , m) act as if they are lined up in a concave shape, and the ultrasonic beam is emitted.

In this way, the position of Jisong, or the depth of focus, is determined.

Next, the operation of the transmission system will be explained using FIG. 4 (b). In Fig. 4 (b), the vibrator 6-i (1=1°2,...
・+m) When the ultrasonic beam with the flaw detection angle and focal depth explores the entire defect 19 inside the inspected object 2,
This ultrasonic beam is diffused in the form of a spherical wave with the defect 19 as a musical temperament, and a part of it spreads through the oscillator 6-s (1=1 +
2 +..., m) is reached. Therefore, the vibrator 6-
For i (1=1 + 2 +..., m), the individual oscillators 6- i (i ''' 1 +
2, ..., m) Since the reflected wave is detected with an arrival time difference determined by the difference in propagation path length at t, the oscillator 6-f (i=1゜j? + ...' + m) is Uke 1
1゛signal 2O-1(i-1+2.

...+m) is received. This received signal 2o-t(
t=1121..., m) are each subjected to frequency filtering and frequency filtering from the receiver group 11vc, and are each converted into digital quantities by the high-speed analog to digital converter 12,
If the digital adder 13Vc is used, then r digital addition is performed. The analog converter 14 converts the signal into an analog quantity again to obtain a force measurement waveform 21. This addition waveform 21 is displayed as a full wave directly on the waveform display I6 in FIG.

According to this embodiment, a plurality of oscillators 6-i (i ”'
1 r 2 +..., n), it is possible to arbitrarily set the delay time of the transmitted signal and the delay time of the received signal. The depth of focus can be set arbitrarily, and highly detailed flaw detection can be performed for the positions and dimensions of defects present in various parts of the object 2 to be inspected.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
For example, a probe using the two-split probe method in which the transducer 6-1 (i=l, 2°..., n) is configured independently for transmitting and receiving, and is housed in the same container. A probe 5 using the Kungham method, in which the transducer 5, vibrator 6-i (i = 1.2...+n) is independently used for transmitting and receiving, and is housed in separate containers. But it is possible.

However, a circuit for correcting the intensity of the reflected wave depending on the position of the defect inside the object to be inspected 2, that is, a distance attenuation characteristic correction circuit may be provided.

In addition, an electrical gate is provided at an arbitrary position on the ultrasonic beam inside the object to be inspected 2, and the peak value of the received wave within the gate is expressed as an analog quantity, a square or a total quantity. It is also possible to implement the method by providing a circuit that outputs and makes it possible to clearly distinguish between radiated waves and reflected waves. In addition, in the above embodiment, each received signal is converted into analog and digital, and the r-nockle amounts are added together, and then converted into digital and analog again to obtain the summed waveform of the analog amounts. It is also possible to perform direct analog addition of each received signal and guide it to the waveform display 16.

Effects of the Invention According to the present invention described above, the position and size of defects present in various parts of the object to be inspected can be determined without worrying about changing the probe depending on the depth of the flaw angle and depth of focus. It is possible to provide an ultrasonic flaw detection device that can detect flaws with high precision and ease of operation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the spread of an ultrasonic beam in a conventional probe, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a conventional fixed-focus type probe, and Fig. 3 is an implementation of an ultrasonic flaw detection device according to the present invention. FIG. 4, which is a configuration diagram showing an example, is a diagram for explaining the present invention in detail. 5... Probe, 6-i... Vibrator, 7... Flaw detection angle setting device, 8... Focal depth setting device, 9... Delay time controller, 10 - Transmitter group , 1 No. Receiver group, 12
...high-speed analog to digital converter, 13...r sotal adder, 14...digital to analog converter, 15
...Detector, 16...Waveform display, 17 - Switching switch, Te. , 5 Applicant's agent Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue = 15- 347

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A probe in which a plurality of transducers are arranged in parallel on the same plane, a setting device for setting the entire flaw detection angle and focal depth of the ultrasonic beam emitted from the probe, and When exciting some pre-selected oscillators,
a controller that adjusts the temporal timing of excitation in accordance with the setting value of the setting device; a transmitter that provides an excitation signal to each selected vibrator; Each reflected sound from each vibrator is reflected by a defect inside the object to be inspected, and each reflected sound is converted into an electrical signal. A receiver amplifies and frequency filters each received signal, and a time control circuit by the controller. An ultrasonic flaw detection device comprising a signal processor that adds each received signal in accordance with timing and processes the added signal into a video signal, and a waveform display that displays the video output of the signal processor. (2)! p! The signal processor according to claim 1 sets the digital conversion start time of the analog received signal of each vibrator, which is the output of the receiver, in accordance with the temporal timing by the controller. High-speed analog to 6-digital conversion, 7'' sotal conversion, and each received signal of the digital amount as the output of this high-speed analog to digital converter is converted into a digital adder. Ultrasonic hot water sampling device consisting of a full output digital and analog converter. (3) The signal processor according to claim 1 sets the addition start time of the analog received signal of each vibrator, which is the output of the receiver, in accordance with the temporal timing by the controller. An ultrasonic hot water extraction device comprising: an analog addition section that performs analog summation; and a video output section that outputs the analog addition signal that is the output of the analog addition section as a video signal.