JPH1192323A - Controlling agent for disease injury by nematode - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a controlling agent for disease injuries by nematodes, hardly causing environmental pollution, harmonizing with an ecosystem and excellent in stability, persistence and wide-area properties of controlling effects on soil disease injuries or damage to forests by plant parasitic nematodes or the like by including a material consisting essentially of an extracted solution from a coffee bean pulp and/or a fermentation product of the coffee bean pulp and a controlling agent against the plant parasitic nematodes therein. SOLUTION: This controlling agent for disease injuries by nematodes is obtained by including (A) an extract solution from a coffee bean pulp (a liquid prepared by a method for adding 50-1,000 pts. water to 100 pts. coffee bean pulp, treating the resultant mixture with a mixer and then filtering the treated mixture or the like) and/or a fermentation product of the coffee bean pulp (the product obtained by fermenting the coffee bean pulp and composting the coffee bean pulp by a field heaping and depositing method or the like) and (B) a controlling agent against plant parasitic nematodes (e.g. the agent prepared by forming the plant body of the marigold into the shape of pellets or adsorbing the extract solution on a porous carrier and stabilizing the extract solution).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is effective against plant parasitic nematodes, which are reported in many vegetables, flowers, lawns, fruit trees, and trees, and cause soil disease or tree death. The present invention relates to a nematode disease controlling agent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Soil diseases caused by various nematodes have been reported in many vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, turfgrass and the like, and are recognized as important diseases that inhibit the healthy growth of these plants. This is because vegetables and flowers are cultivated year-round in fields and houses, and are continuously cropped, so that once a disease occurs, it leads to severe damage. The same applies to fruit trees. In the case of turf, especially in golf courses and the like, the occurrence of diseases on greens and fairways loses the existence value of golf courses, and the keeper has made great efforts to maintain and manage the grasses.

[0003] Representative examples of these soil diseases are potato cyst nematodes, turf, gramineous plants, which infest the underground portion of potatoes and cause necrosis of root tissues and thus exhibit wilting symptoms. Legumes, lilies, solanaceae, red crabs,
Crops such as cruciferous, asteraceae, cucurbitaceae, apples, peaches,
Infiltrate the roots of fruits such as pears, grapes, oysters, pineapples and plants such as turf to form a goal (root knot), thereby deforming the entire root system, forming roots, and roughening the epidermis. Or the damage caused by sweet potato nematodes, carrots, tomatoes,
It is parasitic on crops such as cucumber and soybean, and invades the root growth point and causes quality deterioration.It is harmful to root rots such as carrots, burdock, and radish, resulting in poor quality and low yield. It is known that the harm caused by S. elegans causes harm and the harm of S. elegans which infests young tea seedlings about two to three years after planting and inhibits the growth.

[0004] As a control means against these diseases,
Conventionally, soil disinfection with a soil fumigant has been indispensable. However, the use of these highly toxic fumigants causes environmental pollution, harms the health of workers, and also kills useful microorganisms in the soil, resulting in the occupation of disease germs. There are many problems such as
Some of them have been pointed out as substances causing ozone layer depletion and have a limited expiration date.

[0005] Under such circumstances, as a nematode control system not relying on pesticides, control by antagonistic plants has attracted attention. A specific example is rotation with marigolds, such as the case of Miura in Kanagawa Prefecture, which has a proven track record against radish nematode disease, or the case of Nanae-cho, Hokkaido, which has also achieved results in radish and carrots. . However, rotation with antagonistic plants also causes the field to play for a considerable period of time.In general, they reluctant to cultivate antagonistic plants, which cannot be said to be cash crops, and spread only to specific crops in specific areas. The fact is that they have not.

On the other hand, it has been reported that the introduction of the residues of these antagonistic plants into soil suppresses nematode disease (Mo
hammad Akhtar. M.Mashkoor Alam .: Bioresource Tec
hnology, vol.41, pp81-83,1992), or a report that the density of Kitanegusare nematodes decreases in soils to which dry powder of chloratalia, marigold roots and foliage has been applied (Iwao Yuhara: Kita-Japan Insect and Pest Research) , NO.22, pp62,1971), and furthermore, it has been reported that an aqueous extract of marigold kills pine worm nematodes (Namio Oyama: Plant Protection, Vol. 29,
pp30, 1975).

[0007] However, these methods have a problem when considering that they are actually used as agricultural materials. For example, when plant residues are put into the soil, there is no problem if they are used around the land where the antagonistic plants are cultivated. Impossible. In addition, when an aqueous extract is used, it is necessary to dispose of the marigold extraction residue, and the cost and labor for this need not be ridiculous, and the transportation costs are enormous and are not economically justified. turn into. Therefore, these methods have not been practically used at present.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to reduce environmental pollution.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a nematode disease controlling agent which is in harmony with the ecosystem, and which is excellent in stability, sustainability and wide area of the control effect on soil diseases and forest damage caused by plant parasitic nematodes.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted various studies on methods for suppressing the activity of nematodes involved in the occurrence of soil diseases. The applicant has filed an application for finding out that the extract of the cake has a nematode activity suppressing effect. Further, the inventors have found that the marigold plant is adjusted to an appropriate water content and then pelletized by a pelletizer to reduce the transportation cost and maintain the effect. As we proceeded with further research, we found that a combination of a material consisting mainly of coffee grounds and a plant parasitic nematode control agent consisting mainly of marigold plants was effective in smaller amounts than when used alone. The present invention has been accomplished.

That is, the present invention is as follows. 1) A nematode disease controlling agent comprising a material mainly comprising a coffee grounds extract and / or a coffee grounds fermented product and a plant parasitic nematode controlling agent. 2) The nematode disease controlling agent according to 1 above, wherein the plant parasitic nematode controlling agent is mainly a marigold plant.

3) A method for controlling soil diseases caused by plant parasitic nematodes using the nematode disease controlling agent according to 1 or 2 above.
According to the present invention, many vegetables, flowers, turfgrass, fruit trees and trees have been reported, soil diseases caused by various plant parasitic nematodes, coffee grounds having a nematode activity suppression effect as a main component. It is remarkably suppressed by using a combined material and a plant parasitic nematode controlling agent mainly containing marigold plants.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The nematode disease controlling agent of the present invention contains a material having a coffee grounds extract and / or a coffee grounds fermented product as main components, and a plant parasitic nematode controlling agent. It is preferable to apply them after mixing them in an appropriate amount, but they may be applied separately at slightly different application times.

[0013] The coffee grounds extract includes coffee grounds 1
50 to 1000 parts of water (room temperature to 100
C.), followed by passing the mixture through a mixer, followed by filtration and the like. At this time, an organic solvent such as ether, ketone, alcohol, etc.
It is possible to use 10% of the water used.

Further, when using the extract,
Inorganic vermiculite, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, charcoal, limestone, volcanic ash, red earth, activated silica, metal oxides,
It can be used after being adsorbed and stabilized on porous carriers such as porous minerals, soft ceramics, organic humus, and animal lime. At this time, the amount of the porous carrier used is 500 to 5000 cm per 100 parts of the extract.
^It is preferable to use ³ .

The coffee grounds fermented product is composted by fermenting the coffee grounds by the Nozumi sedimentation method, and Kinki University Research Institute for Environmental Science, No. 18, "Study on the Use of Coffee Grounds as Fertilizer" (pp. 133-149). ), Chicken poultry, rice husk, rice bran were mixed as a pretreatment for composting, and
/ N by adding ammonium sulfate so as to be 10 to 20 to quickly decompose the organic acid generated in the fermentation process and causing the growth disorder.

Examples of the plant parasitic nematode controlling agent according to the present invention include an antagonistic plant effective for suppressing the density of plant parasitic nematodes and having an action of suppressing the growth of nematodes. Can be Specific examples include the legumes Ebisugusa, Crotalaria, thyratro, japonica, peanut, Asteraceae African Marigold, French Marigold, Poaceae Guineagrass, Corn, Okobo, Lily Asparagus, strawberry of rose family, pepper of solanaceae family, cotton of mallow family, watermelon of cucurbit family and the like. Above all, marigold of asteraceous plant is preferable.

The plant parasitic nematode controlling agent is, for example, a powder obtained by drying the above-mentioned plant body and then pulverizing, a pellet produced by using a pelletizer after the plant body has an appropriate water content,
The pellet or the water extract of the plant is adsorbed and stabilized on the porous carrier. Naturally, the organic solvent used in the production of the coffee grounds extract can be used in the production of the water extract.

The nematode disease controlling agent of the present invention may contain other components in addition to the above main components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Specifically, for example, organic substances such as rice bran, chicken dung, molasses, peach, okara, malt extract, higher fatty acid, compost, animal and plant humus, amino acids, glucose, chitin, or ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium chloride, lime superphosphate And fertilizer components such as manganese, zinc, cobalt, iron, iodine, silicon, magnesium, boron, fluorine, and molybdenum. These components may be used in the form of a coffee grounds extract or fermented product, or a mixture of marigold plants with a material as a main component, or may be added in the step of producing coffee grounds or marigold compost. Good. Further, when molding marigold pellets, it can also be used by, for example, mixing well with the shredded marigold plant and then molding.

When the nematode disease controlling agent of the present invention is used, from the viewpoint of the long-lasting effect or the sustained release of the active ingredient, compost and an extract obtained by adsorbing and stabilizing a porous material, drying It is preferable to use those in the form of powder or pellets. In addition, in order to prevent damage by nematodes and to minimize the degree of damage as much as possible, it is preferable to use an extract from the viewpoint that immediate action is required. Further, in the case where it is injected into the trunk of a tree to prevent infection of a pathogen, nematode, it is naturally effective to use an extract.

The plant parasitic nematode referred to in the present invention refers to a soil disease nematode that inhabits the soil and a nematode that infests and damages wood and wood tissue. Nematode worms, such as insects, Java cat worms, Arenaria nekobu worms, Kitanekobu worms, apple nekobu worms, etc., as well as Kitanegusare worms, Minaminexare worms, Muginegusa worms, etc., and more. Soybean cyst nematode, potato cyst nematode,
Cyst nematodes typified by rice cyst nematodes and the like, and owl nematodes typified by tangerine nematodes, rice nematode nematodes, owl nematodes, owl nematodes, etc., and pin lines Insects, pine worm nematodes and the like.

As a method for suppressing a soil disease caused by a nematode in a field using the nematode disease controlling agent of the present invention, the nematode disease controlling agent of the present invention is mixed with soil before sowing or planting. Or by treating the plant roots or soil. Specific examples include a plant root portion immersion process, a plant root portion dressing process, a plant irrigation process, a soil mixing process, and the like.

In the plant seedling immersion treatment, the plant root is preferably immersed in the extract for about 0.5 to 24 hours. The plant root dressing treatment can be carried out by coating the plant root with an extract carrier or a capsule. The root irrigation treatment can be carried out by irrigating an extract to the root when plant roots of the plant are planted in soil. As a guideline the scattering amount of time, preferably sprayed as a 1g / m ² ~100g / m ² as a residue extract. At the time of actual spraying, if the undiluted extract solution is sprayed as it is, some plants may be harmful to the growth. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the extract solution 100 times to 5000 times with water before use.

[0023] The soil admixture treatment includes compost or pellets,
Alternatively, the extract supported on a porous carrier, even if mixed with soil before sowing, mixed with rooting soil at the start of seedling raising, mixed with soil for planting before planting, or all Timely treatment is also preferable for enhancing the effect. In the case of soil mixing, the standard of the mixing amount is compost,
200 g / m ² ~ as pellet or extract carrier
10,000 g / m ² is preferred.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The method of adjusting the nematode activity inhibitor used in the examples and the method of measuring each measured value are as follows.

1) Preparation method of marigold pellets: The soil attached to the marigold plant was dropped, and the water content was 30.
%. A pellet having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 3 to 5 mm was produced using a pelletizer (manufactured by Hayashi Iron Works; pellet molding machine 52K-5GP). The water content was 8%.

2) Measurement of disease nematodes in soil (Berman method): Approximately 100 g of soil in the plant rhizosphere was collected, and the diameter was 10 c.
m, attach a rubber tube to the end of the funnel, stop with a pinch cock, gently submerge 20 g of tissue wrapped in tissue paper in the water filled with the funnel, and let stand in a constant temperature room at 25 ° C for 24 hours. The nematodes inside migrate through the eyes of the paper and settle in the rubber tube. Open the pinch cock, collect in a beaker, and put the liquid separated from the nematode into a preparation having an inner volume of 3 cc and a cylindrical liquid sump with a ruled line at the bottom,
Count the number of disease nematodes using an inverted microscope.

The separation of nematodes from the soil was repeated twice, and the data was expressed as the sum of the two counts, ie, the number of nematodes in 40 g of soil.

[0028]

Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Evaluation experiments were carried out using a field in Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, where the problem of continuous cucumber cropping was a problem. The evaluation procedure is as follows. 1) In the field, 295 g / m ^{2 of} oil cake and 458 g /
m ^2, fermented cow dung 4322g / m ^2, union cyanogen organic-containing chemical conversion; JP 806 34g / m ^2, dolomite 251
g / m ^2, and add 1 cucumber unbedded seedling (Natsu Suzumi)
Forty-four were planted.

2) After completion of the harvest, the plants were extracted, the ground leveled, and the number of root-knot nematodes in the field was measured. 3) the field, separated for each 2m × 5m = 10m ^2, each group using an acrylic plate, depth 15cm, enclosed in height 20 cm. 4) After applying the original manure to each section in the same manner as in 1, the coffee grounds compost (“Hiengen Dry” manufactured by Ryokusan Co., Ltd.) was applied at the ratio shown in Table 1.

5) After the application, the plants were left for one week, and the root-knot nematodes in the field were measured. Unbedded cucumber seedlings (Suzumi Natsumi) were planted 16 per plant in each plot. 6) One month after planting, the state of growth of the seedlings was observed, and the number of caterpillar nematodes and the death rate were determined. Table 1 shows the results.

[0031]

[Table 1]

[0032]

According to the present invention, a combination of a material mainly composed of coffee grounds and a plant parasitic nematode controlling agent (for example, one mainly composed of a marigold plant) is used in comparison with the case where each is used alone. It is possible to obtain a less toxic nematode disease controlling agent having a smaller amount, a higher effect, a very small effect on the environment and workers, and a low toxicity.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A nematode disease controlling agent comprising a material containing a coffee grounds extract and / or a coffee grounds fermented product as main components and a plant parasitic nematode controlling agent. 2. The nematode disease controlling agent according to claim 1, wherein the plant parasitic nematode controlling agent mainly comprises a marigold plant. 3. A method for controlling soil diseases caused by plant parasitic nematodes using the nematode disease controlling agent according to claim 1 or 2.