JPH1158171A - Door opening/closing mechanism of machine tool having automatic pallet replacing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obviate an exclusive driving source and operation control to open/ close a pallet carrying-in/carrying-out door by opening/closing the door by using a movement of a table or a pallet placed on this as motive power. SOLUTION: When work finishes, a table 2 is moved up to a pallet replacing position on the font end of a bed 1. When a front end part of the table 2 moves to the pallet replacing position, an engaging member 41 engages with an engaging piece 22 existing in a rear end position. When the table 2 moves forward further, the engaging piece 22 moves forward together with the table 2 by being pushed by the engaging member 41. Therefore, end parts of chains 25 and 34 connected to a door 15 are pulled upward, and the door 15 moves upward according to a movement of the table 2. When the table 2 stops in the pallet replacing position on the front end of the bed 1, the door 15 stops in a fully opening position of an upper end position.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a door opening and closing mechanism for a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a machine tool such as a portal machining center, a pallet on which a workpiece is mounted is placed on a moving table, and the workpiece is machined by a tool mounted on a spindle. An automatic pallet changing device is often provided for loading and unloading pallets to and from the table. Automatic pallet changers for portal machining centers and the like generally have a vertical loading type and a horizontal loading type. Recently, however, the horizontal loading type, which saves space due to machine layout, has often been selected. ing. On the other hand, a machine tool may be provided with an entire cover as a device for preventing chips and cutting fluid from scattering, and a pallet carry-in / out door which automatically opens and closes is provided in a part of the entire cover. The pallet loading / unloading door is provided at the boundary between the processing area and the setup area at the pallet exchange position. When the door is opened and closed, the processing of the workpiece on the pallet is completed, and the pallet is placed in the setup area. When unloading,
And when carrying out a pallet loaded with the next workpiece in another setup area. The pallet loading / unloading door is operated by a driving device having a dedicated driving source such as a hydraulic device, a pneumatic device, and an electric motor, and is automatically operated by a program or operated by a manual switch.

For this reason, conventionally, a dedicated drive source was required for opening and closing the pallet loading / unloading door, and control for opening and closing the door was required.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive door opening / closing mechanism which solves the above-mentioned problems and which does not require a dedicated drive source or operation control in a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device. It is in.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A mechanism according to the present invention is a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device for a moving table, which is used for loading and unloading a pallet provided on a part of a cover separating the inside and outside of a processing area. A mechanism for opening and closing a door, wherein the door is opened and closed using movement of a table or a pallet placed on the table as power.

Since the door is opened and closed using the movement of the moving table or pallet as a power, a dedicated power source and operation control for opening and closing the door are not required. Can be.

If there is a difference between the movement stroke of the table or pallet and the opening / closing stroke of the door, a shift means for shifting the movement of the table or pallet and transmitting the movement to the door may be provided.

For example, the power source for moving the table is a motor with a brake.

With this configuration, the door can be held at that position even if the drive power supply is turned off or a power failure occurs during the opening and closing operation of the door.

For example, an engaging element is provided on the moving path of the table, which engages with the table moved to the pallet changing position and moves in a predetermined range in the same direction as the table.
An engaging element is connected to one end of the linear body whose intermediate portion is hung on the guide member for changing the direction, and a door that moves up and down and opens and closes is suspended at the other end of the linear body. When the table is moved to the pallet changing position and the table is moved from the pallet changing position to the opposite side, the engaging element moves with the table to open and close the door.

With this arrangement, the door is automatically opened by moving the table to the pallet changing position,
The door automatically closes as the table moves from the pallet change position to the opposite side. Also, in this case, as described above, if the power source for moving the table is a motor with a brake, even if the drive power is turned off or a power failure occurs while the door is open, Can be held in that position to prevent falling.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show the entire structure of a portal machining center. FIG. 1 is a right side view, and FIG.
Is a plan view. 1 and 2 in the following description.
The left side is the front, the opposite side is the rear, and the left and right when viewed from the front to the rear are the left and right. That is, the upper side of FIG. 2 (the back side of the sheet of FIG. 1) is the left, and the lower side of FIG. 2 (the front side of the sheet of FIG. 1) is the right.
Further, among the control axes of the machining center, the control axis in the front-rear direction is the X-axis, the control axis in the left-right direction is the Y-axis, and the control axis in the vertical direction is the Z-axis.

3 to 5 are enlarged front views of the machining center. FIGS. 3 and 4 are partially cutaway right side views showing different states, and FIG. 5 is a front view.

The machining center is provided with a bed (1) extending horizontally in the front-rear direction, and a moving table (2) is provided on the bed (1). The table (2) is moved back and forth along a guide (not shown) by the rotation of a ball screw (4) driven by a servomotor (3) with a brake. A pallet (5) on which a workpiece (not shown) is mounted is mounted on the table (2), and loading and unloading of the pallet (5) to and from the table (2) is automatically performed at the front end of the machining center. Is provided with a horizontal loading type automatic pallet changer (6). A gate column (7) is provided slightly behind the center of the machining center, and a cross rail (8) is attached to the column (7).
A saddle (9) is attached to (8). Cross rail (8)
Is moved up and down along the column (7),
(8) is moved in the left-right direction along the cross rail (8). Although not shown, a tool is mounted on the tip of the spindle provided on the saddle (8) by an automatic tool changer (not shown), whereby the workpiece on the pallet (5) is processed. An operation panel (10) is suspended from the upper part of the column (7).

A setup area (11) is formed on the left and right sides of the pallet exchange position at the front end of the bed (1) forming the processing area, and an exchange device (6) is provided in this area. The pallet exchange device (6) moves the pallet (5) in the left-right direction between the table (2) on the bed (1) and the setup area (10), and the pallet for the table (2) is moved. Loading and unloading of (5) are performed.

[0017] Machining center and pallet changing device
Regarding (6), since a known configuration can be adopted, a detailed description is omitted.

A whole cover (12) is provided around the bed (1) to separate the inside and outside of the processing area on the bed (1), and a part of the whole cover (12) is provided with one manual door (13) and two automatic doors (12). Pallet loading / unloading doors) (14) (15) are provided.

The manual door (13) is provided at the front of the front end of the bed (1), and is moved up and down by manual operation to be opened and closed.

The automatic doors (14) and (15) are provided between the pallet replacement position at the front end of the bed (1) and the setup area (11) on the left and right sides thereof, and separate the inside and outside of the processing area. Automatic door (14)
The opening / closing mechanism (15) uses the movement of the table (2) as power, and moves the automatic doors (14) (15) up and down to open and close.The doors (14) (15) and the opening / closing mechanism thereof Details of Fig. 3 ~
This is shown in FIG. Since the left and right doors (14) and (15) and the opening and closing mechanism thereof have a symmetrical configuration, the right automatic door (15) and the opening and closing mechanism thereof will be described below.

On the right side of the pallet changing position at the front end of the bed (1), a pair of front and rear columns (16) and (17) is provided, and an automatic door (15) is vertically movably mounted therebetween. Prop
(16) (17) is the floor of the setup area (11) via the support member (18).
It is fixed to (A). A vertical guide rail (19) made of a channel is fixed to the opposing surfaces of the columns (16) and (17),
Guide rollers (20) mounted on the front and rear end faces of the door (15)
Rolls in the guide rail (19), and the door (15)
Moves up and down along the guide rail (19).

A guide rail (21) extending horizontally in the front-rear direction is provided on the right side of the front end of the bed (1), and an engaging element (22) is mounted on the guide rail (21) so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. The guide rail (21) is fixed to the right side of the bed (1) via a suitable support member. A stopper (24) is provided at the rear of the upper surface of the guide rail (20), and the engaging element (22) is attached to the guide rail (2).
It can move in the front-rear direction along the guide rail (21) between the front end position of the front end of (1) and the rear end position in contact with the stopper (24).

One end of the first chain (linear body) (25) is connected to the engaging element (22), the other end is connected to the front part of the door (15), and the middle part is connected to a plurality of directions. Sprockets (guide members) (26), (27), (28), and (29) for conversion. The sprocket (26) is immediately behind the guide rail (21), the sprocket (27) is in front of the guide rail (21) and the front support (16), and the sprocket (28) is just above the sprocket (27) At the top of the column (16), the sprockets (29) are located directly behind the sprocket (28) and immediately after the front column (16). Sprockets (26) and (27) are beds
The sprockets (28) and (29) are fixed to the support members (30) and (31) respectively fixed to the right side surface of (1), and the sprockets (28) and (29) are attached to the support members (32) fixed to the upper part of the front support (16). ing. The first chain (25) extends rearward from the engaging element (22), extends forward by being turned by a sprocket (26), extends upward by being turned by a sprocket (27), and extends upward. A connecting member fixed at the lower left side of the front part of the door (15), the rear end being extended by the sprocket (29) and extending downward by the sprocket (29).
(33).

One end of the second chain (34) is connected to the engaging element (22), the other end is connected to the rear part of the door (15), and the middle part thereof is connected to a plurality of direction changing sprockets (35). ) (36) (3
7) (38). Sprocket (35) is a support member
(30) Immediately to the left of sprocket (26), sprocket (3
6) is to the left of the sprocket (27) of the support member (31),
The sprockets (37) are mounted on the support member (32) immediately to the left of the sprocket (28). Sprocket (3
Reference numeral 8) is disposed immediately after the sprocket (37) and immediately before the rear support (17), and is attached to a support member (39) fixed to an upper portion of the rear support (17). The second chain (34) is similar to the first chain (25) in that the sprockets (35) (36)
A connecting member (40) whose direction is changed by (37) and (38) and whose lower end of the second chain (34) extending downward from the sprocket (38) is fixed to the lower left side of the rear part of the door (15). It is connected to.

The engaging element (22) is always pulled backward through the chains (25) and (34) by the gravity acting on the door (15).

At the lower part of the front end of the table (2), an engaging member (41) extending horizontally to the right is fixed. Engagement member (4
The lower surface of (1) is located above the guide rail (21) and slightly below the upper surface of the engagement element (22), and the engagement member (41) projects to the right of the engagement element (22). . Then, the table (2), which has moved to the pallet exchange position, moves forward, whereby the engagement member (41) engages with the engagement element (22),
Move this forward.

During processing, the table (2) is moved by the guide rail (21).
The engagement member (41) does not engage with the engagement element (22) since it moves in the front-rear direction in the processing area behind. For this reason,
The engagement element (22) stops at the rear end position where it comes into contact with the stopper (24), and the doors (14) and (15) are lowered to the lowermost position by gravity and closed.

When processing is completed, the table (2) is
(1) The pallet is moved to the front end pallet change position. When the front end of the table (2) moves to the pallet changing position, the engaging member (41) engages with the engaging element (22) at the rear end, and the table (2) moves further forward. Accordingly, the engagement element (22) is pushed by the engagement element (22) and moves forward together with the table (2). As a result, the ends of the chains (25) (34) connected to the doors (14) (15) are pulled upward, and the door (1
4) (15) moves upward with the movement of the table (2). When the table (2) stops at the pallet change position at the front end of the bed (1), the doors (14) and (15) stop at the fully open position at the upper end position. With the doors (14) and (15) open in this manner, the pallet (5) loaded with the processed workpiece is moved from the table (2) to one of the setup areas (11 )
Pallet loaded with workpieces that are carried out and then descend
(5) is carried into the table (2) from the other setup area (11).

When a new pallet (5) is carried into the table (2), the table (2) moves backward from the pallet change position and is processed. When the table (2) moves backward, the engaging element (22) pulled backward by the doors (14) and (15) via the chains (25) and (34) comes into contact with the engaging member (41). The door (14) and (15) gradually move down with the movement of the table (2). When the engagement element (22) comes into contact with the stopper (24), the engagement element (22) stops at that position, whereby the doors (14) and (15) stop at the lowest lowermost fully closed position. When the table (2) moves further backward, the engaging member (41) separates from the engaging element (22), and the processing is performed as described above with the doors (14) and (15) closed in this manner. .

The lengths of the chains (25) and (34) are the same as those of the doors (14) and (15).
Has been adjusted so that it can be hung in a well-balanced manner.

The stroke of movement of the engagement element (22) and the door (14)
In the case where there is a difference between the opening and closing stroke of (15), for example, a shift means for shifting (increase or decrease) the movement of the table (2) and transmitting the movement to the doors (14) and (15) is provided. The sprockets (26) and (25) may be provided for adjustment.

As the linear member for transmitting the movement of the table (2) to the doors (14) and (15) and its guide member, a wire and a pulley may be used instead of a chain and a sprocket.

In the above embodiment, a servomotor with a brake is used as a driving means for moving the table (2).
Because (3) is used, while the doors (14) and (15) are being opened or closed or the doors (14) and (15) are open, the drive power may be turned off or a power failure may occur. Also, the doors (14) and (15) can be held in that position to prevent them from falling.

However, the means for driving the table (2) and the means for converting the movement of the table (2) into the opening and closing operations of the doors (14) and (15) are not limited to those in the above-described embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate. is there.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a right side view of a portal machining center showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway right side view showing a front portion of the machining center.

FIG. 4 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. 3, showing a state different from that of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the machining center.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged right side view showing a part of a door opening and closing mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. 6, showing a state different from that of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view showing another part of the door opening / closing mechanism.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged plan view showing still another portion of the door opening / closing mechanism.

[Explanation of symbols]

(2) Moving table (3) Servo motor with brake (5) Pallet (6) Automatic pallet changing device (11) Setup area (12) Overall cover (14) (15) Automatic door (pallet loading / unloading door) ( 22) Engagement element (25) Chain (linear body) (26) (27) (28) (29) Sprocket (guide member) (34) Chain (linear body) (35) (36) (37) (38) ) Sprocket (guide member)

Claims (4)

[Claims] In a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device for a moving table, a mechanism for opening and closing a pallet loading / unloading door provided on a part of a cover for separating the inside and outside of a processing area, wherein the mechanism is a table or a loading device. A door opening / closing mechanism for a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device, wherein a door is opened / closed by movement of a placed pallet. 2. A door opening / closing mechanism for a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device according to claim 1, further comprising a speed change means for shifting the movement of the table or pallet and transmitting the speed to the door. 3. A door opening and closing mechanism for a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device according to claim 1, wherein the power source for moving the table is a motor with a brake. 4. An engaging member is provided on a moving path of the table, the engaging member being engaged with the table moved to the pallet changing position and moving in a predetermined range in the same direction as the table, and the intermediate portion has a guide member for changing the direction. An engaging element is connected to one end of the linear body, and a door that opens and closes by moving vertically is suspended at the other end of the linear body, and the table is moved to a pallet changing position. 4. The door of a machine tool having an automatic pallet changing device according to claim 1, wherein the engaging member moves together with the table to open and close the door when the table moves from the pallet changing position to the opposite side. Opening and closing mechanism.