JPH1156095A - Artificial soil containing coconut husk - Google Patents
Artificial soil containing coconut huskInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1156095A JPH1156095A JP9230129A JP23012997A JPH1156095A JP H1156095 A JPH1156095 A JP H1156095A JP 9230129 A JP9230129 A JP 9230129A JP 23012997 A JP23012997 A JP 23012997A JP H1156095 A JPH1156095 A JP H1156095A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- volume
- artificial soil
- coconut
- peat moss
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はヤシガラ等の天然素
材を含む人工土壌に関し、ヤシガラの保水性と通気性の
良い点にピートモスの保肥力の良い点を加えたもので植
物の生育に適し、従来は主として産業廃棄物として処理
されていたものを有効に活用するとともに、使用後は土
壌に還元するかあるいは焼却ができるもので、自然環境
に無害かつ有益な人工土壌に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial soil containing a natural material such as coconut husk, which is suitable for growing plants by adding coconut husk with good water retention and air permeability to peat moss with good fertilizing power. The present invention relates to an artificial soil which is effectively used mainly as industrial waste and can be reduced to soil or incinerated after use, and is harmless to the natural environment and beneficial.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】植物栽培用や園芸用の人工土壌としてよ
く使われるものはバーミキュライト、パーライト、ゼオ
ライト、ピートモスなどがある。バーミキュライトは、
雲母系の鉱物を焼成して作られたもので、非常に軽い多
孔性構造物であり、土壌の透水性の改善に用いられる。
パーライトは、真珠岩等を焼成したもので、非常に軽い
多孔質粒子であり、土壌の保水性の改善に用いられる。
ゼオライトは、肥料成分等を吸着する凝灰岩の粉末で、
土壌の保肥力の改善に用いられる。これらのうち天然素
材としては、ピートモスやそれに肥料を加えたものが使
われている。ピートモスは、地質時代に堆積した水苔類
や草炭類で、シベリアの凍土地帯で得られるものであ
り、保肥力に優れている。そこでこれに他の素材を加え
てピートバン（商品名）として人工土壌として販売され
ている。2. Description of the Related Art Vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, peat moss and the like are often used as artificial soils for plant cultivation and horticulture. Vermiculite is
It is made by firing mica-based minerals and is a very light porous structure that is used to improve soil permeability.
Perlite is obtained by firing perlite and the like, and is a very light porous particle, which is used to improve the water retention of soil.
Zeolite is a tuff powder that adsorbs fertilizer components, etc.
Used to improve soil fertilizer retention. Of these, peat moss and fertilizers are used as natural materials. Peat moss is a type of moss and peat charcoal deposited in the geological age, and is obtained from the frozen land of Siberia and has excellent fertilizing power. Therefore, it is sold as artificial soil as Pete Van (trade name) by adding other materials to this.
【０００３】ところが、人工土壌の代表的なこれらのも
のにも一長一短がある。バーミキュライトは、保肥力に
富み、排水がよいが、アルカリ性であり、高価でもある
ために、土壌の主成分として用いられることは少ない。
パーライトは、保水性と通気性に富むが保肥力はない。
主に、培養土の底面に敷き排水層として用いられ、土壌
の主成分として用いられることは少ない。また、人工的
に製造したものであるために高価である。ゼオライト
は、保肥力に富み排水がよい。一般的な用土（黒土、赤
玉土、鹿沼土など）に比べ、高価であるために土壌の主
成分として用いられることはあまりない。ピートモス
は、保水性、保肥力、ならびに柔軟性に富むが、酸性で
あり、土壌の主成分として用いられることは少ない。ま
た、湿原の生態系の一部であるため、掘り出しの過剰が
問題となる可能性がある。[0003] However, these typical artificial soils also have advantages and disadvantages. Vermiculite is rich in fertilizer retention and good drainage, but is alkaline and expensive, so it is rarely used as a main component of soil.
Perlite is rich in water retention and breathability, but has no fertilizing power.
It is mainly used as a drainage layer laid on the bottom of culture soil, and is rarely used as a main component of soil. Moreover, it is expensive because it is manufactured artificially. Zeolites are rich in fertilizing power and drainage is good. Compared with general soil (black soil, Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, etc.), it is not used as a main component of soil because it is expensive. Peat moss is rich in water retention, fertilizing power, and flexibility, but is acidic and is rarely used as a main component of soil. Also, because it is part of the marsh ecosystem, over-digging can be a problem.
【０００４】一方ヤシガラ、すなわちココナッツダスト
は、ヤシの実の果実と殻の間にある繊維質の部分で長い
繊維質の部分は織物などに用いられているが、短い繊維
の部分は今まで捨てられていたがそれを成形して植物栽
培用の土壌として用いられつつある。ヤシガラは捨てら
れていたほどなので、量も豊富で価格も安い。On the other hand, coconut dust, that is, coconut dust, is a fibrous portion between the fruit of the coconut and the shell, and a long fibrous portion is used for fabrics, but a short fibrous portion is discarded until now. However, it has been shaped and used as soil for plant cultivation. Yashigara was so abandoned that it was plentiful and cheap.
【０００５】これは保水性、通気性に優れるだけでな
く、中性であり抗菌性、また成形性に優れたものであ
る。そのため、特開平７ー１１１８３０号公報に示され
ているように、圧縮成形して固形培養土とする試みがあ
る。This is not only excellent in water retention and air permeability, but also neutral, excellent in antibacterial properties and excellent in moldability. Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-111830, there is an attempt to form a solid culture soil by compression molding.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、ヤシガラは保
肥力と塩類濃度（ＥＣ）が不足している。そこで、本発
明は、ヤシガラを主成分としたもので、天然素材を加え
ることによって、保水性、通気性、保肥力、塩類濃度と
もに適当に持った人工土壌を提供することを目的として
いる。However, coconut husk lacks fertilizing capacity and salt concentration (EC). Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an artificial soil containing coconut husk as a main component and having appropriate water retention, air permeability, fertilizing power, and salt concentration by adding a natural material.
【０００７】また取り扱いに便利な固形の人工土壌を提
供することも目的としている。Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid artificial soil which is convenient for handling.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明のヤシガラを含む
人工土壌は、ヤシガラを主として含み、それにピートモ
スを混合したもので、ヤシガラで不足している保肥力を
ピートモスで補っている。それに必要により、汚泥やバ
ーク堆肥を混合したものである。ここで汚泥とは、食品
類の濾過したときの残渣や沈殿物を主として含むもの
で、通常は、珪藻土などで濾過したものなので、それと
混合されている。これは食品産業では産業廃棄物として
捨てられていたもので、その処分に困っていたものであ
る。バーク堆肥は、広葉樹の葉と樹皮とを醗酵させたも
ので、元肥として使われるものである。The artificial soil containing coconut shell according to the present invention mainly comprises coconut shell and a mixture of peat moss, and the peat moss supplements the insufficient fertilizing power of coconut shell. If necessary, it is a mixture of sludge and bark compost. Here, the sludge mainly contains residues and sediments obtained by filtering foods. Usually, the sludge is filtered with diatomaceous earth or the like, and is thus mixed therewith. This has been thrown away as industrial waste in the food industry, and it has been difficult to dispose of it. Bark compost is fermented from hardwood leaves and bark, and is used as a primary manure.
【０００９】本発明のヤシガラを含む人工土壌は、ヤシ
ガラを６０〜８５容量％と、ピートモスを１５〜４０容
量％とを含み、必要によりこれに汚泥または／およびバ
ーク堆肥を５〜２０容量％含むものである。The artificial soil containing coconut shell of the present invention contains 60 to 85% by volume of coconut shell and 15 to 40% by volume of peat moss, and optionally contains 5 to 20% by volume of sludge or / and bark compost. It is a thing.
【００１０】ヤシガラはｐＨ面で中性であるが、ピート
モスは酸性なので一部の限定した植物にしか摘要できな
い。広く種々の植物に使用するには、土壌を中性に保つ
ことができるようにピートモスの使用量を４０容量％以
下にする必要がある。また、保肥性の面からいうと、土
壌の保肥力を向上させるには、ピートモスを少なくとも
１５容量％含有させておく必要がある。汚泥やバーク堆
肥を５容量％以上加えた場合には、ピートモスの量を５
容量％程度まで減じることができ、ピートモス、汚泥、
バーク堆肥の合計で１５容量％以上を含有することにす
ればよい。ヤシガラの使用量は圧縮成形する上から６０
容量％以上必要である。６０容量％よりも少ない場合に
は圧縮成形した後で形を保つことが困難で、成形品に水
を吸わせたときにその膨潤する倍率が小さい上に、形が
壊れることもある。一方ここで上限を８５容量％とした
のは、ピートモスを１５容量％以上含有させたり、ある
いは汚泥やバーク堆肥を加えてピートモスと汚泥／バー
ク堆肥の合計で１５容量％以上含有させた場合の残部量
のことである。また、汚泥／バーク堆肥の５〜２０容量
％を必要により混入している。これらは遅効性の肥料と
しても働くので２０容量％を超えて加えると肥料過多と
なるし、５容量％未満では有効に働かない。腐葉土、特
に広葉樹の腐葉土は保肥力に優れているので、ピートモ
スに代えて、あるいはその一部を置き換えて使用するこ
とができる。Although coconut husk is neutral in terms of pH, peat moss is acidic and can only be harvested by some limited plants. For use in a wide variety of plants, it is necessary to use peat moss in an amount of 40% by volume or less so that the soil can be kept neutral. Further, from the viewpoint of fertilizing ability, it is necessary to contain at least 15% by volume of peat moss in order to improve the fertilizing ability of the soil. If more than 5% by volume of sludge or bark compost is added, the amount of peat moss is reduced by 5%.
Volume can be reduced to about%, peat moss, sludge,
The bark compost may contain at least 15% by volume in total. The amount of coconut shell used is 60 from the top
It is necessary to have a capacity% or more. If the amount is less than 60% by volume, it is difficult to maintain the shape after compression molding, and when the molded product is sucked with water, the swelling ratio is small and the shape may be broken. On the other hand, the upper limit is set to 85% by volume because peat moss is contained at 15% by volume or more, or sludge or bark compost is added to make the total amount of peat moss and sludge / bark compost at least 15% by volume. It is about quantity. In addition, 5 to 20% by volume of the sludge / bark compost is mixed as necessary. Since these also act as slow-acting fertilizers, adding more than 20% by volume results in excess fertilizer, and less than 5% by volume does not work effectively. Since humus, especially hardwood humus, has excellent fertilizing ability, it can be used in place of peat moss or by replacing part of it.
【００１１】本発明のヤシガラを含有している土壌は成
形圧縮してプランターなどの用土として使用することが
できる。ヤシガラ分が６０〜８５容量％の場合、成形圧
力は0.15〜0.17トン／ｃｍ2 で成形したものは、比重0.
12のものが得られ、これに水を加えるだけで植物の培養
土として用いることができる。The soil containing coconut shell of the present invention can be molded and compressed and used as a soil for planters and the like. When the coconut shell content is 60 to 85% by volume, the one molded at a molding pressure of 0.15 to 0.17 ton / cm 2 has a specific gravity of 0.
Twelve are obtained, which can be used as plant soil only by adding water.
【００１２】本発明のヤシガラを含む人工土壌には、必
要により遅効性あるいは速効性の他の肥料を混合するこ
とができる。また、他の用土を混合して用いることもで
きる。The artificial soil containing coconut shell according to the present invention may be mixed with other slow-acting or fast-acting fertilizers, if necessary. In addition, other soils can be mixed and used.
【００１３】[0013]
【作用】本発明のヤシガラを主として含む人工土壌は、
保水性、通気性、保肥力が良好で、塩類濃度も適正値に
なる。発芽、根の張り、生育がよい。肥料として有機肥
料を使っているので、遅効性であり、根焼けや葉の色が
変色したりするようなことがない。成形したものは、水
を含ませて膨張させる。そのままプランター用土として
用いることができる。また、原材料は、どちらかという
と従来は産業廃棄物として処理されていた物を主成分と
して用いているので、原料費が安くまた産業廃棄物の有
効利用につながる。その上、使用後は土壌還元するかあ
るいは焼却ができるので、自然環境に無害である。The artificial soil containing mainly coconut palm of the present invention is
It has good water retention, air permeability and fertilizing power, and the salt concentration is also an appropriate value. Germination, rooting, growth is good. Since organic fertilizer is used as fertilizer, it is slow-acting and does not cause root burning or discoloration of leaves. The molded product is swelled with water. It can be used as it is as planter soil. In addition, since the raw materials use, as a main component, materials which have been conventionally treated as industrial waste, the cost of raw materials is low and the industrial waste is effectively used. In addition, it is harmless to the natural environment because it can be reduced or burned after use.
【００１４】[0014]
１．発芽実験 表１に示す本発明の土壌および比較例の土壌を各500ml
用いて、マリーゴールドの種子を播いて播種後６日後の
発芽状況を調べた。散水は毎日行い、６日後の発芽率を
３６個体について調査した結果を表１に示す。1. Germination experiment Each of the soil of the present invention shown in Table 1 and the soil of the comparative example was 500 ml.
Marigold seeds were sown and the germination status 6 days after sowing was examined. Watering was performed every day, and the germination rate after 6 days was examined for 36 individuals, and the results are shown in Table 1.
【００１５】[0015]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１６】本発明の土壌および、ヤシガラを単独で用
いているものの発芽率は極めてよい。保水性、通気性に
優れており、また水素イオン濃度が中性となっているた
めと考えられる。The germination rate of the soil of the present invention and the coconut shell used alone are extremely good. This is considered to be due to excellent water retention and air permeability, and a neutral hydrogen ion concentration.
【００１７】一方、バーミキュライトは、ヤシガラに比
較して保水性は少し悪いが、保水性の点では発芽に影響
するほどではないが、土壌がアルカリ性のために発芽率
に劣った。また、砂は、保水性が悪く種子の播かれてい
る土壌表面が直に乾燥してしまい、発芽にいたらなかっ
たものが多い。On the other hand, vermiculite has a slightly lower water retention than coconut husk, but does not affect germination in terms of water retention, but has a poor germination rate due to the alkaline nature of the soil. In addition, sand often has poor water retention and the soil surface on which seeds are sown immediately dries and does not germinate.
【００１８】２．生育実験 播種後２ヶ月（開花時）のマリーゴールドの花芽数、根
重、新鮮重について、表２に示す本発明の土壌および比
較例に関して測定した結果を同表に示している。2. Growth experiment The number of flower buds, root weight and fresh weight of marigold 2 months (at the time of flowering) after sowing were measured for the soil of the present invention and the comparative examples shown in Table 2, and the results are shown in the same table.
【００１９】[0019]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２０】本発明の土壌で有機質肥料（汚泥）を含む
もの、遅効性の化成肥料を含むものの生育結果は極めて
よく、特に根の張り具合がよく花芽の付く具合も優れて
いる。The soil of the present invention containing organic fertilizers (sludge) and those containing slow-acting chemical fertilizers have very good growth results, and particularly have good roots and excellent flower buds.
【００２１】一方、ヤシガラに化成肥料を混合したもの
は、保肥力に劣っているので、肥料がよく吸収されず、
生育が悪かった。また、ヤシガラに堆肥を混ぜたもの
は、地上部の発育が悪く、肥料を求めて根だけが伸び
た。ヤシガラに堆肥と汚泥を混合したものは、肥料は十
分に含まれているが、塩類濃度（ＥＣ）およびｐＨが高
く、根が焼けるとともに、葉の色が薄くなった。ピート
モスとバーミキュライトに化成肥料を混ぜたものは、生
育が良いが、価格が本発明のものに比して数倍から５倍
であった。On the other hand, a mixture of coconut husk and a chemical fertilizer is inferior in fertilizer retention, so that the fertilizer is not well absorbed,
Growth was bad. In the case of coconut husk mixed with compost, the growth of the aerial part was poor, and only the roots grew in search of fertilizer. The mixture of coconut palm and compost and sludge contained sufficient fertilizer, but had high salt concentration (EC) and pH, burned the roots, and lightened the leaves. A mixture of peat moss and vermiculite mixed with a chemical fertilizer grew well, but the price was several to five times higher than that of the present invention.
【００２２】３．圧縮成形 本発明の土壌でヤシガラ含有量を５０容量％〜１００容
量％と変化させて、残部をピートモスとして、それに成
形圧力を変えて成形実験を行った。含水率が20％のとき
に、成形後形を保つのに必要な最小成形圧力を表３に示
している。3. Compression molding In the soil of the present invention, the coconut shell content was changed from 50% by volume to 100% by volume, the remaining portion was made peat moss, and the molding pressure was changed, and a molding experiment was performed. Table 3 shows the minimum molding pressure required to maintain the shape after molding when the water content is 20%.
【００２３】[0023]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２４】0.15トン／ｃｍ2 以上の成形圧力を加える
と、ヤシガラを５０〜１００容量％含有している土壌は
いずれも成形することができた。これらの成形品に水を
吸わせた場合の膨潤の程度を、吸水後の体積と吸水前の
体積の比率で示した。また、これらの形の壊れにくさを
同表に示した。ここで、○印は吸水後通常の取扱いでは
形が容易に壊れなかったものを示す。When a molding pressure of 0.15 ton / cm 2 or more was applied, any soil containing 50 to 100% by volume of coconut husk could be formed. The degree of swelling when water was absorbed in these molded products was shown by the ratio of the volume after water absorption to the volume before water absorption. The same table shows the difficulty of breaking these shapes. Here, the mark ○ indicates that the shape was not easily broken by normal handling after water absorption.
【００２５】６０容量％のヤシガラを含有しているもの
は通常の取扱いでは形が壊れなかった。そこで、ヤシガ
ラの含有量を６０容量％以上とした。また、成形圧力を
０．１５トン／ｃｍ2 〜０．１７トン／ｃｍ2 とすると
比重が０．１２のものが得られた。これに水を含ませて
膨潤させると、２〜５倍にもなり、それに植物の種子を
播いたり、植物の苗を植え付けて育てるようにすること
ができた。Those containing 60% by volume of coconut husk did not break in shape under normal handling. Therefore, the content of coconut shell is set to 60% by volume or more. When the molding pressure was 0.15 ton / cm 2 to 0.17 ton / cm 2 , a material having a specific gravity of 0.12 was obtained. When this was swollen with water, it was increased by a factor of 2 to 5 and it was possible to sow plant seeds or plant seedlings and grow them.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】本発明のヤシガラを含む人工土壌は、ヤ
シガラの保水性と通気性に良い点に加えて、ピートモス
の保肥力の良い点を加えた天然素材からなるもので、植
物の発芽、生育に適し、従来は主として産業廃棄物とし
て処理されていたものを有効に活用するとともに、使用
後は土壌に還元するかあるいは焼却できるもので、自然
環境に無害かつ有益な人工土壌が得られた。The artificial soil containing coconut husk of the present invention is made of a natural material that has good water retention and breathability of coconut husk and good fertilizing power of peat moss. It is suitable for growth and effectively utilizes what was previously treated as industrial waste, and can be reduced or incinerated after use, producing artificial soil that is harmless and beneficial to the natural environment. .
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 関 外雄 新潟県南魚沼郡六日町大字二日町684番地 １号 株式会社新潟フォージング内 (72)発明者 滝川 泰 東京都渋谷区代々木一丁目39番８号 株式 会社エコグリーン内Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Seki 684-1, Fukamachi, Oukamachi, Minamiuonuma-gun, Niigata Prefecture Inside Niigata Forging Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasushi Takigawa 1-39-8 Yoyogi 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo No. Inside Eco Green Co., Ltd.
Claims (4)
スを１５〜４０容量％含むことを特徴とするヤシガラを
含む人工土壌。1. An artificial soil containing coconut hulls, comprising 60 to 85% by volume of coconut husk and 15 to 40% by volume of peat moss.
スを１５〜４０容量％、汚泥および／あるいはバーク堆
肥を５〜２０容量％含むことを特徴とするヤシガラを含
む人工土壌。2. An artificial soil containing coconut hulls, comprising 60 to 85% by volume of coconut husk, 15 to 40% by volume of peat moss, and 5 to 20% by volume of sludge and / or bark compost.
の一部あるいは全部を腐葉土にしたことを特徴とするヤ
シガラを含む人工土壌。3. An artificial soil containing coconut hulls according to claim 1, wherein part or all of the peat moss is made into humus.
成形したことを特徴とするヤシガラを含む人工土壌。4. An artificial soil containing coconut hulls, which is formed by compression molding according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9230129A JPH1156095A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 1997-08-27 | Artificial soil containing coconut husk |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9230129A JPH1156095A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 1997-08-27 | Artificial soil containing coconut husk |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1156095A true JPH1156095A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
Family
ID=16903036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9230129A Pending JPH1156095A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 1997-08-27 | Artificial soil containing coconut husk |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1156095A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6189260B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-02-20 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed mixtures of coconut coir pith and peat moss and processes for the preparation thereof |
| US6408568B1 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-06-25 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and a non-coir/non-peat materials, and processes for the production thereof |
| KR100797350B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2008-01-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | Preparing method of compressed growing medium for flowerpot using coir and the medium thereof |
| JP2010213596A (en) * | 2009-03-14 | 2010-09-30 | Nomura Misako | Compressed culture medium of japanese ginger, and hydroponics method for japanese ginger, using the same |
| JP2013085500A (en) * | 2011-10-15 | 2013-05-13 | Watanabe Takeshi | Hydroponics method for zingiber mioga and apparatus |
-
1997
- 1997-08-27 JP JP9230129A patent/JPH1156095A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6189260B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-02-20 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed mixtures of coconut coir pith and peat moss and processes for the preparation thereof |
| US6408568B1 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-06-25 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and a non-coir/non-peat materials, and processes for the production thereof |
| KR100797350B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2008-01-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | Preparing method of compressed growing medium for flowerpot using coir and the medium thereof |
| JP2010213596A (en) * | 2009-03-14 | 2010-09-30 | Nomura Misako | Compressed culture medium of japanese ginger, and hydroponics method for japanese ginger, using the same |
| JP2013085500A (en) * | 2011-10-15 | 2013-05-13 | Watanabe Takeshi | Hydroponics method for zingiber mioga and apparatus |
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