JPH1128024A - Sedum carpet - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant carpet for a structural body of a plant for transplantation comprising thin and lightweight soil, having tensile strength, capable of being transplanted on a rooftop, etc., without requiring a reinforcing work, having extremely simply transplanting operation and maintenance after transplantation. SOLUTION: This plant carpet comprises a light medium mainly composed of a thin piece of bark of needle-leaved tree, peat moss, pumice, etc., and one or both of a woven fabric-like part formed by mutual entanglement of roots of sedums planted in the medium at the lower side of the light medium and a net-like part formed by terrestrial stems or subterranean stems of the sedums planted in the medium and roots growing from the subterranean stems from the surface layer to the interior of the light medium.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building and a house for suppressing temperature rise by blocking direct sunlight and evaporating moisture, absorbing carbon dioxide by photosynthesis, further reducing noise and providing visual comfort. And vegetation structures used for greening indoor and outdoor gardens such as rooftops, roofs, verandas, side walls, walls, fences, retaining walls, and stairwells of buildings such as expressways. The present invention relates to a vegetation structure that is also used for growing cover plants and the like that are planted on paddy ridges and the like to reduce the amount of the vegetation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a garden is formed on the roof of a building or the like, soil has been put on the roof so that a garden is formed on the ground, and vegetation has been grown there. However, in this method, the weight of soil and vegetation is considerable, and in many buildings that do not consider creating a garden on the roof from the beginning, many of them cannot easily make a garden due to its strength. Also, even if the garden is not as large as the roof garden, growing plants on the roof or veranda requires purchasing and arranging flowers in pots, transplanting them to planters, etc. If
The amount of pots to purchase is small, so transplantation and post-transplant care can be performed as appropriate.However, if a slightly larger office building is not always staffed, the total weight of the planter will increase, and there will be additional manual management. Is also needed.

[0003] The applicant of the present invention discloses in Japanese Patent No. 2588056 that the upper layer consisting of a lawn with interleaved lower leaves, the middle layer consisting of a turf culture medium mainly composed of amorphous bark flakes such as Pinaceae, and the root of a turf A lawn carpet comprising a lower layer entangled in a woven form is disclosed. This lawn carpet has excellent tensile strength and rooting properties, is convenient to handle, and is suitable for transplanting to embankments, parks, golf courses, soccer grounds, etc. In addition, the management of the completed lawn also required some arrangement.

[0004] In order to reduce the trouble of transplanting from a pot to a planter or the like, a plant mat is grown on a medium placed on a nonwoven sheet or the like and transplanted together with the nonwoven sheet, or a net or the like is placed in the medium. Vegetation mats and the like are disclosed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-308390 discloses a vegetation mat in which a fibrous medium in which a net knitted with coconut fibers is sandwiched on a nonwoven fabric sheet made of synthetic resin is laid. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-9 / 1997
Japanese Patent Publication No. 785 discloses a method for cultivating a vegetation mat on a raised floor, in which a medium is placed on a nonwoven fabric sheet made of a synthetic resin on a mesh surface and heated from below the mesh surface. However, in these mats, a nonwoven fabric sheet or the like made of a synthetic resin may remain for a long time even after transplanting, and may be easily peeled therefrom. In addition, the weight of the vegetation mat becomes considerably heavy depending on the type of the plant, and further, a medium in which a medium is simply placed on a nonwoven fabric sheet cannot be transplanted to a steep slope such as a roof or a vertical surface such as a side wall retaining wall.

[0005] Rice cultivation labor has been considerably reduced by the maintenance of paddy fields and the introduction of various rice cultivation machines. However, mowing work, which is the main body of maintenance and management of complicated convex ridges, requires a lot of labor and time even if a shoulder mower is used, so the grass height is low and the ground is covered low. A method has been proposed in which cover plants are planted in ridges to suppress weed growth. The characteristics of such cover plants are that they cover the surface of the ground densely and suppress the loss of soil and the growth of weeds.They do not invade paddy fields, do not become nests of pests, and do not slip strongly on trampling. Has been requested. And, as such plants, Ajuga, Shibazakura, Matsubagiku, Ryuu's whiskers, Arktoseca, Higanbana and the like have been proposed. However, growing or transplanting such plants on ridges requires some manpower.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the thickness of the soil required for plant growth is small and lightweight, and the plant can be grown on the roof or roof without any reinforcement work. The transplantation of the plant is also extremely easy, and it is a plant carpet for transplantation that is extremely easy to maintain after transplantation.The plant carpet itself also has a certain amount of tensile strength. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant carpet that can grow plants on a vertical surface such as a retaining wall or a convex surface such as a paddy field ridge.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has mainly proposed a light medium having a thickness of 15 to 40 mm consisting of needle bark flakes, peat moss, pumice flakes and the like, and the light medium. Sedum carpet (hereinafter referred to as "first invention") comprising a woven portion formed on the lower side of a light medium by planted sedum roots, mainly needle bark flakes, peat moss, pumice stone A light medium having a thickness of 10 to 30 mm composed of small pieces and the like, and a reticulated portion formed from the surface layer to the inside of the light medium by the above-ground stem or rhizome of sedums planted in the light medium and roots extended therefrom. Sedum carpet (hereinafter referred to as "second invention"), which is mainly composed of soft bark flakes, peat moss, pumice flakes, etc., and has a thickness of 10 to 30 mm. A medium, a reticulated portion formed from the surface layer to the inside of the light medium by the above-ground stem or rhizome of the sedum planted in the light medium and the roots extended therefrom, and formed below the light medium by the root of the sedum. Carpet (hereinafter referred to as the "third invention") comprising a woven fabric portion, a synthetic resin sheet having drain holes in some places is laid on horizontal ground, and conifer bark flakes, peat moss, pumice stone are placed thereon. Spread a light medium consisting of strips and the like to a thickness of 10 to 40 mm, and evenly spray stalks cut from sedums grown separately on the nursery, and spray a small amount of sand as necessary, The method for producing a sedum carpet according to the first to third inventions, wherein sedums are grown (hereinafter referred to as "fourth invention")
1 to 3 inventions characterized by being laid on the roof, side walls and indoors of buildings, buildings, verandas, roofs, side walls and walls of houses, shoulders and retaining walls of expressways, event venues, etc. (Hereinafter referred to as "fifth invention") and use of the sedum carpet according to the first to third inventions, which is laid in a weed control area such as a paddy field ridge. A method (hereinafter, referred to as “sixth invention”) is proposed.

[0008] The sedums in the present invention are plants belonging to the family Amphiceraceae, and are mostly fleshy herbs or shrubs and are found all over the world except Australia.
In general, the plant grows on a rock without much water or fertilizer, as Sedum is said to be derived from Latin sitting, and has a strong viability as perennial in Japan, Many breed by pushing out weeds. Some grow with less light. The sedums include the genus Kirinso "Benkeiso", "Obenkeiso", "Mitsubabenkeiso", "Chichipabenkeiso", "Aobabenkeiso", "Murasaki Benkei"so"
"Iwabe Kei", "Hosoba Iwabe Kei", "Kirinso", "Hosoba no Kirinso", "Miyama Nengusa"
"Komochimanginga", "Marubamanginga", "Tsurumamanginga", "Sakamanninga", "Yamadanmanginga", "Takanemanngusa", "Kagomemanngusa", "Menman""Nengusa""OmenomanNengusa"
"Matsuwa Mangansa""Onomangansa""Tsushimaengenusa""MexicoMangunsa""Himerenge""Igarenge""Tumerenge""Misemaya""HidakaMisesaba" There are also known "Ya", "Karafutomisebaya", "Taitogome", and "Takonoashi" belonging to the genus Tako. (Although "Yagurumasou" seems to be a family that has been inspired.)
This plant germinates from the seeds and propagates, but it also propagates by cutting out the roots of the cut stems, and in some cases by rooting from the nodes of the crawling stems.

Many sedum flowers are yellow,
A white thing like "Tsumengage", "Benkeiso"
, Such as reddish-white ones, light-reddish ones like "Misebaya", blue ones like "Aobanai chinusa"
There are various colors such as multicolor (white to orange) such as "Yanebandaiso". The color of the leaves is not only green,
The ones that range from bluish white to red, such as "Aobanai chingusa", those that change from white to green to purple, such as "Yanebandaiso", "Sedum Angrikum (S
edum anglicum Huds), the leaflets are crimson and the carcasses are gobart-colored, those that change from green to purple depending on the season, and those whose stems are magenta like "Sedum Angrikum" There are many things that are suitable for appreciation.

The sedans in the first invention include, among the above-mentioned sedans, "Benkeiso", "Iwabei Kei", "Komochi Mangansa", "Mexico Mangansa", "Coral Carpet" and the like. Sedums that do not produce much aboveground and underground stems. In the second invention, the ones that bring out the above-ground stalks of sedums include those that come out of a creeping stalk and the root of the stalk is attached to the ground, such as "Tsuruma-nengusa" or "European bunting", Others such as "Onomengusa", "Sakasannengusa", "Taitogome", etc., have the stems of the outside week of the plant fall and reach the ground, and "Sedum sprium coscineum" (Sed
um Spurium Coccineum) and the like, which drop the air roots from the nodes of the creeping stalks and produce roots where they are attached to the ground, and those that produce the rhizomes include "Morimuramannen" and "Mitsuba Benkei". Yes, "Kirinso" and "Hosoba no Kiriso". However, it is often difficult to strictly distinguish between those that produce aboveground stems and those that produce underground stems, because they may crawl on the ground, even if they are called rhizomes like "Misebaya". Third
The sedums in the present invention include those that produce crawling and rhizomes as in the second invention, but are suitable mainly for those that are not very active even if they produce aboveground or rhizomes.

The light medium according to the first to third inventions is composed of needle bark flakes, peat moss, pumice flakes and the like.
Needle bark flakes are moderately hygroscopic and are suitable as a material that forms a stable layer even if thin because they are scale-like irregular flakes.Peat moss is made from peat in the form of moss or fiber. It is also used for covering the roots of flowers and plants, etc. It has a moderate hygroscopicity and is suitable for forming a mat because it is a fibrous substance. All of these become part of the soil due to long-term weathering and the action of microorganisms. Further, pumice flakes are porous and hygroscopic, and have an irregular rough surface, which is effective in maintaining the shape of the layer. Each of these materials has a lower specific gravity than soil and is useful for stabilizing the culture medium layer. The light medium used in the first to third inventions is not limited to these, and any medium may be used as long as it has a small specific gravity, has an appropriate hygroscopicity, and is useful for forming a medium layer. . In addition, the light medium may be used alone or in a mixture of the above-mentioned materials.In addition to the above-mentioned materials, the light medium may contain some slow-acting fertilizer and the like. .

The thickness of the light medium in the first invention is 15
It is in the range of ４０40 mm. If it is less than 15 mm, the shape retention and tensile strength as a carpet are not sufficient,
If it exceeds m, it takes a long time for the roots to reach the bottom of the medium and become entangled with each other, and the weight per unit area increases, which is not preferable. Further, the thickness of the light medium in the second invention and the third invention is in the range of 10 mm to 30 mm. In the sedum carpet according to the second and third inventions, the thickness of the light medium may be thin because the stolons and rhizomes increase the tensile strength. If the tensile strength is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 30 mm, it takes a long time to grow, and the weight per unit area increases, which is not preferable.

The method for manufacturing a sedum carpet according to the fourth invention is that a synthetic resin sheet having drain holes in some places is laid on a horizontal ground, and a light medium consisting of thin needle bark, peat moss, fine pumice, etc. is placed on the synthetic resin sheet. Spread in thickness 10-40mm,
In addition, stems cut from sedums grown separately in a nursery are sprayed almost uniformly, and a small amount of sand is sprayed as necessary to grow sedums. The synthetic resin sheet laid on the horizontal ground prevents the growth of weeds from the soil underneath, makes it easy to peel off after the generation of sedum carpet, and at the same time retains the water etc. necessary for the growth of sedum, This is for removing excess water from the drain holes, and any synthetic resin film having such a function may be used. The reason why the stems cut from sedums separately grown in the nursery are sprayed almost uniformly is to shorten the growing period as compared with growing from seeds. In addition, sand is sprayed to prevent stems sprayed on the medium from being lifted up by downed leaves and the like, and is also performed when there is a possibility that creeping stems may be lifted.

The method of using the sedum / carpet according to the first to third aspects of the fifth invention is as follows.
It is characterized by being laid on fences, shoulders and retaining walls of expressways, and event venues. Of these building parts, the horizontal rooftop and veranda can be transplanted in the same way as sticking a lawn, and if the slope is not steep, the horizontal part will be almost horizontal. You can do something similar. Side walls,
On the fences and retaining walls, a sedum carpet with a certain tensile strength may be hung from above, and the sedum carpet may be moistened with water or pressed with a thin starch paste to adhere to the wall, It is preferable that the laid Sedum carpet is fixed to the wall surface with tacks or the like. Sedums used in such places include sedums such as "Tama spelling" and "sail of tail (Sedum Morganianum)" in which the main body of the plant hangs, and "Semibuya" It is preferable to use sedum that climbs rocks with the rhizome.
In addition, it is preferable to use sedums that grow with little light for the sedum carpet used in the light garden and indoor garden.

The method for controlling weeds according to the sixth invention is characterized in that the sedum carpet according to the first to third inventions is laid in a weed control area such as a paddy field ridge.
The sedans used in this sedum carpet have a strong fertility and an excellent control effect on weeds, but it is necessary to select one that does not enter the paddy field. In addition, the size of the sedum carpet, using a long thing of 1-2 m wide rolled in a roll, and laying along the ridge,
The transplant operation becomes extremely efficient.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Example 1 Production of seedlings by seeds] In a well-drained land in a greenhouse, several sections of 2 m in width and 5 m in length are used as nurseries,
In each section, pine bark flakes having an average particle size of 6 mm were spread to a thickness of 20 cm. Since seeds of sedum were small and easily clumped, 1 g was mixed well with 1 liter of sand, and the seeds were uniformly sown on the nursery. The varieties sown are “Kirinsou”, “Sedum Kamchakum”, “Sakasan Nengusa”, “Sedum Suprem Kossinium”, and “European angel”.
"Sedum album". Fertilizer, was added gentle resistance fertilizer 20 g / ^{m 2} as a basal dressing, was added twice immediate fertilizer 20 g / ^{m 2} as a top dressing. Germination occurred 10 days after sowing, but watering was performed once a day until germination, and once every 3 days after germination. After growing for 40 days, the stem was cut off with sharp scissors, leaving about 2 cm of stem above the ground. The next cutting was able to be performed by the curing management for two to three weeks thereafter. In addition, if it cuts to 5 mm or less from the ground part, it took 21 days until the next cutting, so it is not efficient to cut down too much. The length of the stems cut off in this manner varies depending on the variety, but has reached 5 to 15 cm, which is a size convenient for spray transplantation. Stalks grown in greenhouses have longer internodes and more water than those grown in the alley, but when you start making sedum carpets in the alley,
The newly sprouted but internodes became clogged as usual.

[Embodiment 2. Production of Seedling by Stem] Example 1
In the same way as above, several sections are used as nurseries, and pine bark flakes with an average particle size of 6 mm are laid out to a thickness of 20 cm, and "Mexico Mangan", "Kaito Gome", "Morimura Mangan", "Coral Carpet" Were sprayed so as not to overlap very much, and about 3 l / m ² of sand was further sprayed. The fertilizer is a double-acting compound fertilizer twice as a top fertilizer without using a base fertilizer, 20 g / m
² was added. Watering was performed once a day for about 10 days until rooting, and then once every three days. After growing for 40 days,
The stem was cut off with sharp scissors, leaving about 2 cm of stem above the ground. The next cutting was able to be performed by the curing management for two to three weeks thereafter. The subsequent situation was the same as in Example 1.

[Embodiment 3] Manufacture of sedum carpet according to the first invention] About 13 m in length and about 13 m in width in a fallow field
Leveling the land, around 20cm wide and about 1 deep
Create a breeding ground around a 0 cm drain ditch, and place 1 m ² there.
Approximately 400 equally spaced radii of about 0.
0.2 mm thick, 1.5 m wide, with 5 mm drainage holes
A 13m long polyethylene film, 6
Spread in a row, spread about 30 l / m ² of pine bark flakes with an average particle size of 6 mm as a medium on the film in the first row in a uniform thickness of 30 mm, and place on the film in the second row a fibrous material from Hokkaido. peat moss uniformly spread about 30l / ^{m 2} to a thickness of 30mm, evenly spread to a thickness of the third column of 30mm pumice strip about 30l / ^{m 2} of an average particle diameter of 5mm on the film, the fourth column 15l of fibrous peat moss from Hokkaido on film
/ M ² and about 15 l / m ² of pumice flakes having an average particle size of 5 mm
Spread evenly to a thickness of 0 mm, and on the film in the fifth row, an equivalent mixture of pinami flakes having an average particle diameter of 6 mm, fibrous peat moss from Hokkaido and pumice flakes having an average particle diameter of 5 mm was placed on the fifth row of film.
mm, and the above mixture was evenly spread on the sixth row of films to a thickness of 50 mm. On the thus-prepared culture media in the first to sixth rows, “Kirinso” and “Sedum Cam Chuck” cut in Example 1 and “Mexico Pomegranate” cut in Example 2, respectively. Sprinkle the stems so that they do not overlap very much, and add about 5 l
/ M ² of sand. Thereafter, a chemical fertilizer of about 20 g / m ² was sprayed several times at a time for 90 days, and Sedum carpets were grown while watering was repeated. After 90 days, the sedum carpet peeled off from the film had a woven structure in which the roots were entangled in the lower layer. The average weight of the Sedum carpet obtained from the first to sixth rows is 23 kg / m ² , 26 kg / m ² , 20 respectively.
kg / m ² , 24 kg / m ² , 13 kg / m ² , 37 k
g / m ² .

[Embodiment 4. Production of sedum carpet according to the second invention] As in Example 3, an average particle diameter of 6 mm was used as a medium on the first row of a four-row film laid on a growing ground.
Pine bark flakes of about 10 l / m ² are evenly spread to a thickness of 10 mm, and on the second row of films, pine bark flakes with an average particle diameter of 6 mm, fibrous peat moss from Hokkaido and an average particle diameter of 5 m
An equal mixture with pumice flakes of 10 m in thickness is spread evenly to a thickness of 10 mm, and about 20 l / m ² of pine bark flakes having an average particle diameter of 6 mm are uniformly spread on the third row of films to a thickness of 20 mm. Spread,
The mixture was spread evenly over the fourth row of films to a thickness of 20 mm. On the thus-prepared first to fourth rows of culture media, the stalks of "Sakasanninga" and "Sedum spurium coscineum" mowed in Example 1 were sprayed so as not to overlap so much, About 5 l
/ M ² of sand. Thereafter, a chemical fertilizer of about 20 g / m ² was sprayed several times at a time for 90 days, and Sedum carpets were grown while watering was repeated. After 90 days, in the sedum carpet peeled off from the film, it was observed that the above-ground stems and rhizomes elongate like a mesh in the medium layer and the roots elongated and became entangled. 1st row, 2nd
The average weight of the Sedum carpet obtained from the row is 10
kg / m ² , the average weight of the Sedum carpet obtained from rows 3 and 4 was 18 kg / m ² . However, the average weight varied considerably depending on the amount of water retained.

Embodiment 5 FIG. Manufacture of Sedum Carpet According to Third Invention] "European cotton" cut in Example 1 on each of the first to fourth rows of culture media prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 Were sprayed so that they did not overlap very much, and about 5 l / m ² of sand was further sprayed. Thereafter, for about 90 days, a chemical fertilizer of about 20 g / m ² was sprayed several times, and about 3 l / m ² was occasionally sprayed so that the creeping stalks did not rise, and the Sedum carpet was grown while repeatedly spraying water. . After 90 days, the Sedum carpet peeled off from the film shows that the creeping stalks extend to the surface layer to form a reticulated tissue, and that the lower layer has a woven fabric structure in which the roots are intertwined. Was. The average weight of the Sedum carpet obtained from the first and second rows is 10 kg / m ² , and the average weight of the Sedum carpet obtained from the third and fourth rows is 18 kg / m ^2.
Met. However, the average weight varied considerably depending on the amount of water retained.

[0021] first invention produced by using the "Kirinsou""MexicanMan'nengusa" the flat portion of Example 6 used according to the fifth aspect of Sedum Carpet] part of approximately the 500 meters ² rooftop Transplant the involved Sedum carpet,
The sedum carpet according to the second invention, which was manufactured using “Sakasan Ninga” and “Sedum spurium coscineum”, was transplanted and grown on the steep side wall. After 30 days, the sedans were completely rooted and the building could be greened.

Example 7 Use of the Sedum Carpet According to the Sixth Invention The Sedum carpet according to the second invention having a width of about 1.5 m and a length of about 50 m manufactured using "Sedum spurium coscineum" Was rolled up, transported to the edge of the ridge before rice planting, spread along the ridge, hung on both ends to cover the ridge, and transplanted. No breeding of weeds was observed 90 days after that.

[Comparative Example] On the same medium in the first row of Example 3, "Sakasan Negusa", "Sedum spurium.
We tried to produce Sedum carpet by spraying seeds of Cossineum and "European angel". But,
There were nonuniform seed loss and unevenness due to water pressure, wind, rainfall, etc., germination failure due to weather, and it took a long time to finish, and a satisfactory product could not be obtained.

[0024]

The sedum carpet according to the present invention is:
It has the above-mentioned structure and is extremely lightweight, so it can be transplanted to a rooftop or the like without any special reinforcement work. It can be transplanted to stone walls and fences on steep slopes, and can be transplanted to rice paddy ridges and the like very efficiently. Furthermore, since sedums grow in harsh environments with little moisture, such as rocks, their maintenance can be performed very easily. Further, since the method for manufacturing a sedum carpet according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, such a sedum carpet can be manufactured very efficiently. Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to green the roof of a building such as a building in a city very easily, thereby alleviating the heat island phenomenon in the city, reducing the cooling power, and purifying the air. It will greatly contribute to the improvement of the urban environment. On the other hand, it also contributes to the reduction of rice cultivation work.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. Mainly, soft bark flakes, peat moss,
A light medium having a thickness of 15 to 40 mm made of pumice flakes,
A sedum carpet comprising a woven portion formed under the light medium by roots of the sedums planted in the light medium. 2. A needle bark flake, peat moss,
A light medium having a thickness of 10 to 30 mm composed of pumice strips and the like;
A sedum carpet comprising a ground or underground stem of a sedum planted in the light medium and a mesh formed from the surface layer to the inside of the light medium by roots extended therefrom. 3. A needle bark flake, peat moss,
A light medium having a thickness of 10 to 30 mm made of pumice stones and the like, a reticulated portion formed from the surface layer of the light medium to the inside by the above-ground stem or rhizome and the roots extended therefrom of the sedums planted in the light medium, and A sedum carpet comprising a woven portion formed under a light medium by sedum roots 4. A synthetic resin sheet having drain holes in some places is laid on a horizontal ground, on which needle bark flakes, peat moss,
A light medium consisting of pumice flakes and the like is spread over a thickness of 10 to 40 mm, and on top of that, stalks cut from sedums grown separately in a nursery are sprayed almost uniformly, and a small amount of sand is sprayed as necessary. 4. A method for producing a sedum carpet according to claim 1, wherein sedums are grown. 5. The roof, side walls and interior of buildings such as buildings, verandas, roofs, side walls and fences of houses, shoulders and retaining walls of expressways,
4. The method of using a sedum carpet according to claim 1, wherein the sedum carpet is laid at an event venue or the like. 6. The sedum according to claim 1, which is laid in a weed control area such as a paddy field ridge.
How to use carpet