JPH11157973A - Compost fermentative treatment - Google Patents
Compost fermentative treatmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11157973A JPH11157973A JP34226997A JP34226997A JPH11157973A JP H11157973 A JPH11157973 A JP H11157973A JP 34226997 A JP34226997 A JP 34226997A JP 34226997 A JP34226997 A JP 34226997A JP H11157973 A JPH11157973 A JP H11157973A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- air supply
- blower
- time
- compost
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、大腸菌を保有する
家畜糞などの有機被処理物の堆肥発酵処理法に関し、更
に詳しくは、O157その他の大腸菌を短時間で死滅さ
せて再増殖を防ぐことができる安全性に優れた堆肥発酵
処理法に関する。[0001] The present invention relates to a method for compost fermentation of an organic material to be treated, such as livestock dung, having Escherichia coli. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for killing O157 and other Escherichia coli in a short time to prevent regrowth. The present invention relates to a compost fermentation method which is excellent in safety.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】周知のように、腸管出血性大腸菌O15
7は、ヒトに感染すると出血を伴う激しい下痢や溶血性
尿毒症等の重篤な症状を引き起こす。その主たる感染源
はO157を保菌した家畜の糞便に起因するものと推測
される。そのため、大量の家畜糞を発酵処理する堆肥セ
ンターにおいては、O157を保菌した家畜糞が搬入さ
れた場合の作業者への安全性や、生産される堆肥の安全
性が懸念されている。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As is well known, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O15
No. 7 causes severe symptoms such as severe diarrhea accompanied by bleeding and hemolytic uremic disease when infected to humans. It is presumed that the main source of infection is caused by feces of livestock carrying O157. Therefore, in a compost center for fermenting a large amount of livestock manure, there is a concern about the safety of workers when livestock manure carrying O157 is carried in and the safety of the produced compost.
【0003】けれども、従来の堆肥センターにおいて、
単に家畜糞を発酵槽内で堆肥発酵させるだけでは、発酵
槽に家畜糞を搬入した直後の発酵温度の上昇が緩慢で、
発酵温度が70℃を越え難いため、家畜糞中の大腸菌等
が完全に死滅しにくく、しかも発酵処理が終了するまで
発酵温度を60℃以上に維持し難いため、大腸菌等の再
増殖を防ぐことが困難であった。[0003] However, in a conventional compost center,
Simply fermenting livestock manure in a fermenter in a fermenter will slow the rise in fermentation temperature immediately after the livestock manure is brought into the fermenter,
Escherichia coli and the like in livestock dung are hardly completely killed because the fermentation temperature does not easily exceed 70 ° C, and it is difficult to maintain the fermentation temperature at 60 ° C or higher until the fermentation treatment is completed. Was difficult.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記事情に鑑
みなされたもので、家畜糞等の有機被処理物を堆肥発酵
処理する際に、有機被処理物の発酵温度を最初に急速上
昇させて大腸菌等を短時間で完全に死滅させること、そ
して、発酵処理が終了するまで発酵温度を高く維持して
大腸菌等の再増殖を防ぐこと、さらに、発酵温度の調節
を発酵槽への通気制御という簡単な手段で実施できるよ
うにすること、を解決課題とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and when fermenting an organic material to be treated such as livestock dung, the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated is first raised rapidly. To completely kill Escherichia coli, etc. in a short period of time, and to maintain the fermentation temperature high until the fermentation process is completed to prevent regrowth of Escherichia coli, etc. To be implemented by such a simple means.
【0005】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するた
め、本発明の請求項1に係る堆肥発酵処理法は、槽内へ
空気を送るブロアーを付設した開放型の発酵槽に、大腸
菌を保有する有機被処理物を入れて堆肥発酵させるに際
し、1日目に有機被処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上に急
速上昇して発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以上を保つよう
に、ブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を制御して発酵槽へ
の送気と停止を繰り返すことを特徴とするものである。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fermentation method for compost fermentation, wherein E. coli is stored in an open fermentation tank provided with a blower for sending air into the tank. When the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated is rapidly increased to 70 ° C. or more on the first day and the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be maintained at 60 ° C. or more until the end date of the fermentation treatment, the fermentation of the compost fermentation is performed. The invention is characterized in that the air time and the stop time are controlled, and the air supply to the fermenter and the stop are repeated.
【0006】また、本発明の請求項2に係る堆肥発酵処
理法は、複数の区画に分けて各区画ごとに空気を送るブ
ロアーを付設した開放型の発酵槽の最初の区画に、大腸
菌を保有する有機被処理物を入れて最後の区画まで少し
ずつ移動させながら堆肥発酵させるに際し、1日目に有
機被処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上に急速上昇するよう
に、最初の区画のブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を制御
して最初の区画への送気と停止を繰り返し、更に発酵処
理の終了日まで発酵温度が60℃以上を保つように、次
の区画から最後の区画までの各区画のブロアーの送気時
間と停止時間を制御して各区画への送気と停止を繰り返
すことを特徴とするものである。Further, according to the method for compost fermentation according to the second aspect of the present invention, Escherichia coli is stored in the first compartment of an open fermenter having a plurality of compartments and a blower for sending air to each compartment. When the compost fermentation is carried out while putting the organic material to be treated and moving it little by little to the last compartment, the blower of the first compartment is used so that the fermentation temperature of the organic material increases rapidly to 70 ° C. or more on the first day. The air supply time and the stop time are controlled to repeat the air supply and stop to the first section, and further, from the next section to the last section, so that the fermentation temperature is maintained at 60 ° C. or higher until the end date of the fermentation treatment. The invention is characterized in that the air supply time and the stop time of the blower of the section are controlled, and the air supply and stop to each section are repeated.
【0007】そして、請求項3に係る堆肥発酵処理法
は、上記の請求項1又は2の堆肥発酵処理方法におい
て、大腸菌を保有する有機被処理物が家畜糞であること
を特徴とするものである。[0007] The compost fermentation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the compost fermentation method according to claim 1 or 2, the organic material to be treated having Escherichia coli is livestock dung. is there.
【0008】請求項1の堆肥発酵処理法では、ブロアー
の送気時間と停止時間の制御によって、1日目に有機被
処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上に急速上昇する。このよ
うに70℃以上の高温に急速上昇すると、有機被処理物
に保有される大腸菌等は数秒ないし数十秒程度で完全に
死滅する。特にO157は熱に弱く、68.3℃でも約
8秒で死滅すると言われている。この有機被処理物の発
酵温度は、その後のブロアーの送気時間と停止時間の制
御によって、発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以上に保たれ
るため、大腸菌の再増殖は勿論、大腸菌群の再増殖も防
止される。[0008] In the compost fermentation treatment method of the first aspect, the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated rapidly rises to 70 ° C or more on the first day by controlling the air supply time and the stop time of the blower. When the temperature rapidly rises to a high temperature of 70 ° C. or more, E. coli and the like retained in the organic material to be treated are completely killed in about several seconds to several tens of seconds. In particular, O157 is weak to heat and is said to die in about 8 seconds even at 68.3 ° C. The fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated is maintained at 60 ° C. or higher until the end date of the fermentation treatment by controlling the air supply time and the stop time of the blower thereafter. Proliferation is also prevented.
【0009】このように請求項1の堆肥発酵処理法は、
ブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を制御することによって
発酵温度を調節するものであるから、制御自体が極めて
簡単であり、しかも、インバーターや空気流量調節弁な
どの複雑で高価な機器類を必要としないので、安価に実
施することができる。Thus, the compost fermentation treatment method of claim 1
Since the fermentation temperature is controlled by controlling the air supply time and the stop time of the blower, the control itself is extremely simple and requires complicated and expensive equipment such as an inverter and an air flow control valve. Therefore, it can be implemented at low cost.
【0010】また、請求項2の堆肥発酵処理法では、発
酵槽の最初の区画に付設したブロアーの送気時間と停止
時間の制御により、最初の区画において1日目に有機被
処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上に急速上昇するため、請
求項1の処理方法の場合と同様、有機被処理物に保有さ
れる大腸菌等が数秒ないし数十秒程度で死滅する。そし
て、有機被処理物が次の区画から最後の区画まで少しず
つ移動して堆肥発酵する間、各区画に付設したブロアー
の送気時間と停止時間の制御によって、有機被処理物の
発酵温度が発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以上に保たれる
ため、請求項1の処理法の場合と同様に、大腸菌や大腸
菌群の再増殖が防止される。[0010] In the compost fermentation treatment method according to the second aspect of the present invention, the air supply time and the stop time of the blower attached to the first section of the fermenter are controlled to ferment the organic material to be treated on the first day in the first section. Since the temperature rapidly rises to 70 ° C. or higher, Escherichia coli and the like retained in the organic material to be treated die in about several seconds to several tens of seconds, as in the case of the processing method of claim 1. And, while the organic material to be moved gradually moves from the next section to the last section to perform compost fermentation, the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be processed is controlled by controlling the air supply time and the stop time of the blower attached to each section. Since the temperature is maintained at 60 ° C. or higher until the end date of the fermentation treatment, the regrowth of Escherichia coli and coliforms is prevented as in the case of the treatment method of claim 1.
【0011】この請求項2の堆肥発酵処理法も、発酵槽
の各区画に付設したブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を制
御するだけで発酵温度を調節するものであるから、制御
自体が極めて簡単であり、複雑で高価な機器類も必要と
しないので安価に実施することができる。[0011] In the compost fermentation treatment method of the second aspect, the fermentation temperature is adjusted only by controlling the air supply time and the stop time of the blower attached to each section of the fermentation tank. In addition, since complicated and expensive equipment is not required, it can be implemented at low cost.
【0012】また、請求項3のように有機被処理物が家
畜糞である場合は、家畜糞に含まれる有機物量が多いた
め、ブロアーによる送気制御によって、発酵温度を上記
のように70℃以上に急速上昇させて処理終了まで60
℃以上に保つことが容易である。In the case where the organic material to be treated is livestock dung as in claim 3, the amount of organic matter contained in the livestock dung is large. The speed is raised rapidly as above until the process is completed.
It is easy to keep the temperature above ℃.
【0013】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照しながら本発明
の具体的な実施形態を説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【0014】図1は本発明に係る堆肥発酵処理法の一実
施形態の概略説明図、図2は発酵槽の拡大横断面図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of one embodiment of the compost fermentation treatment method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fermenter.
【0015】図1に示す堆肥発酵処理法は、長い開放型
の発酵槽1をA,B,C,Dの4つの区画に分けて、各
区画ごとに空気を送るブロアー2a,2b,2c,2d
を付設し、最初のA区画に搬入した有機被処理物3を移
動式スクープ4によって少しずつ最後のD区画まで移動
させながら堆肥発酵させるものである。In the compost fermentation treatment method shown in FIG. 1, a long open fermenter 1 is divided into four sections A, B, C, and D, and blowers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2b for sending air to each section. 2d
, And the compost fermentation is performed while the organic treatment object 3 carried into the first section A is gradually moved by the movable scoop 4 to the last section D.
【0016】具体的には、長さ68m、巾4m、堆積高
1.8mのコンクリート製の発酵槽1を設置し、17m
を一区画として発酵槽1をA,B,C,Dの4つの区画
に分けると共に、各区画ごとに通気能力が9.3m3 /
分、出力0.6kwのブロアー2a,2b,2c,2d
を付設している。そして、移動式スクープ4として、掻
き揚げ能力が巾4m×深さ1.8m、1日(6時間稼
動)の堆肥の送り幅が2mである移動式スクープを用い
て、有機被処理物である家畜糞3を掻き揚げ、A区画か
らD区画まで30日間かけて家畜糞3を移動させてい
る。Specifically, a concrete fermenter 1 having a length of 68 m, a width of 4 m, and a pile height of 1.8 m was installed, and the length of the fermenter was 17 m.
Is divided into four sections A, B, C, and D, and the ventilation capacity of each section is 9.3 m 3 /
Minute, blower 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d with output 0.6 kw
Is attached. The mobile scoop 4 is a mobile scoop having a scraping capacity of 4 m in width × 1.8 m in depth and a feed width of compost of 2 m per day (operated for 6 hours), and is an organic material to be treated. The livestock dung 3 is scraped up and the livestock dung 3 is moved from the section A to the section D over 30 days.
【0017】この家畜糞3は肥育肉牛の牛糞であり、前
処理として完熟堆肥(発酵処理後さらに40日間堆積さ
せて完熟させたもの)を混合することで水分を約65%
程度に調整したものである。この水分調整された家畜糞
3の1日当たりの投入量は、12.7m3 (5.3t)
である。This livestock dung 3 is a cow dung of a fattening beef cattle, and is mixed with a fully-ripened compost (which is further accumulated for 40 days after fermentation and then matured) as a pretreatment to reduce the water content to about 65%.
Adjusted to the extent. The daily input amount of the livestock dung 3 whose water content has been adjusted is 12.7 m 3 (5.3 t).
It is.
【0018】図2に示すように、発酵槽1の底には直径
100mmの散気管5を一区画当たり4本配管し、各ブ
ロアー2a(2b,2c,2d)から空気を堆肥1m3
当たり80リットル/分の送気量で送気できるようにし
ている。そして、この発酵槽1の底に砕石6を敷き詰
め、更にその上に籾殻7を10cmの厚さに敷き詰め
て、移動式スクープ4による家畜糞3の掻き揚げ移動を
容易にしている。As shown in FIG. 2, four diffusers 5 each having a diameter of 100 mm are provided per section at the bottom of the fermenter 1, and air is supplied from each blower 2a (2b, 2c, 2d) to 1 m 3 of compost.
Air can be supplied at a rate of 80 liters / minute. Then, crushed stones 6 are spread on the bottom of the fermenter 1, and rice hulls 7 are further spread thereon to a thickness of 10 cm, thereby facilitating the movement of the livestock dung 3 by the movable scoop 4.
【0019】上記のブロアー2a,2b,2c,2dは
いずれも、コンピューターCPによって送気時間と停止
時間が制御されている。即ち、A区画のブロアー2a
は、投入した家畜糞3の発酵温度が1日目に70℃以上
に急速上昇するように、送気時間50分−停止時間50
分のサイクルで送気と停止を繰り返し、B区画、C区
画、D区画の各ブロアー2b,2c,2dはいずれも、
発酵温度が最終日まで60℃以上を保つように、送気時
間20分−停止時間50分のサイクルで送気と停止を繰
り返すように制御されている。In each of the blowers 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, the air supply time and the stop time are controlled by the computer CP. That is, blower 2a of section A
The air supply time is 50 minutes and the stop time is 50 minutes so that the fermentation temperature of the introduced livestock dung 3 rapidly rises to 70 ° C. or more on the first day.
The air supply and stop are repeated in a cycle of minute, and each of the blowers 2b, 2c, 2d of the section B, the section C, and the section D,
In order to keep the fermentation temperature at 60 ° C. or higher until the final day, the air supply and the stop are controlled in a cycle of a gas supply time of 20 minutes and a stop time of 50 minutes.
【0020】図3は、A区画のブロアー2aの送気時間
−停止時間のサイクルを、それぞれ送気時間50分−停
止時間50分(1日の総送気時間は12時間)、送気時
間30分−停止時間50分(1日の総送気時間は9時
間)、送気時間20分−停止時間50分(1日の総送気
時間は6.9時間)、送気時間10分−停止時間50分
(1日の総送気時間は4時間)の4種類のサイクルに設
定し、それぞれのサイクルにおける発酵温度の上昇の速
さ(発酵温度と発酵日数の関係)を比較したグラフであ
る。尚、発酵温度は、水銀温度計を用いて家畜糞3の表
面から30cmの深さの部分の温度を測定したものであ
る。FIG. 3 shows the cycle of the air supply time-stop time of the blower 2a in the section A, and the air supply time 50 minutes-the stop time 50 minutes (total air supply time per day is 12 hours), and the air supply time. 30 minutes-stop time 50 minutes (total air supply time per day is 9 hours), air supply time 20 minutes-stop time 50 minutes (total air supply time per day is 6.9 hours), air supply time 10 minutes A graph comparing four types of cycles with a stop time of 50 minutes (total air supply time of four hours per day) and the rate of increase in fermentation temperature (the relationship between fermentation temperature and fermentation days) in each cycle. It is. The fermentation temperature is obtained by measuring the temperature at a depth of 30 cm from the surface of the livestock dung 3 using a mercury thermometer.
【0021】このグラフに示すように、送気時間50分
−停止時間50分のサイクルで送気と停止を繰り返す
と、発酵温度は1日目に急速に上昇して76.4℃に達
し、2日目以降も高温を維持し、6日目においても7
7.4℃を維持する。これに対し送気時間30分−停止
時間50分のサイクルで送気と停止を繰り返す場合は、
発酵温度が急速には上昇するけれども、1日目の温度は
66.5℃であり、送気時間50分−停止時間50分の
サイクルに比べると、温度上昇がやや緩慢になる。ま
た、送気時間20分−停止時間50分のサイクルや、送
気時間10分−停止時間50分のサイクルでは、発酵温
度の急速な上昇はみられず、70℃以上に達するのに
5,6日を要する。これらの結果から、1日目に発酵温
度を大腸菌が死滅する70℃以上に急速上昇させるため
には、前述した実施形態のようにA区画のブロアー2a
の送気時間を50分、停止時間を50分に制御して、A
区画への送気と停止を繰り返す必要があることが判る。As shown in this graph, when the air supply and the stop were repeated in a cycle of the air supply time of 50 minutes and the stop time of 50 minutes, the fermentation temperature rapidly rose to 76.4 ° C. on the first day, Maintain high temperature after the second day, and keep 7
Maintain 7.4 ° C. On the other hand, when repeating air supply and stop in a cycle of air supply time 30 minutes-stop time 50 minutes,
Although the fermentation temperature rises rapidly, the temperature on the first day is 66.5 ° C., and the temperature rise is slightly slower compared to the cycle of 50 minutes of air supply time and 50 minutes of stop time. Moreover, in the cycle of the air supply time of 20 minutes and the stop time of 50 minutes, or the cycle of the air supply time of 10 minutes and the stop time of 50 minutes, no rapid increase in the fermentation temperature was observed. It takes six days. From these results, in order to rapidly increase the fermentation temperature to 70 ° C. or higher at which the E. coli is killed on the first day, the blower 2a in the A compartment as in the above-described embodiment was used.
By controlling the air supply time to 50 minutes and the stop time to 50 minutes,
It turns out that it is necessary to repeat the air supply to the compartment and the stop.
【0022】また、図4は、A区画のブロアー2aを送
気時間50分−停止時間50分のサイクルとし、B〜D
の区画のブロアー2b,2c,2dを送気時間20分−
停止時間50分のサイクルとして、家畜糞を移動させな
がら30日間堆肥発酵させる場合と、A〜Dまでの各区
画のブロアー2a,2b,2c,2dをすべて送気時間
20分−停止時間50分のサイクルとして、家畜糞を移
動させながら30日間堆肥発酵させる場合について、発
酵温度の変化(発酵温度と発酵日数の関係)を調べたグ
ラフである。FIG. 4 shows that the blower 2a in the section A has a cycle of air supply time 50 minutes and stop time 50 minutes,
Air supply time of 20 minutes-
As a cycle of the stop time of 50 minutes, the compost fermentation is performed for 30 days while moving the livestock dung, and the blowers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d in each section from A to D are all supplied with the air supply time of 20 minutes-the stop time of 50 minutes. 12 is a graph showing a change in fermentation temperature (a relationship between fermentation temperature and fermentation days) when compost fermentation is performed for 30 days while moving livestock dung as a cycle.
【0023】このグラフに示すように、前者の場合(A
区画のブロアーの送気時間50分)は1日目に発酵温度
が急速上昇して76.8℃に達し、75℃以上の状態は
20日目まで維持される。それ以降、発酵温度は徐々に
低下するが、30日目においても60.1℃を維持して
いる。これに対し、後者の場合(A区画のブロアーの送
気時間20分)は、発酵温度が75℃以上に達するのに
6日を要し、それ以降の発酵温度の変化は前者の場合と
ほぼ同様であるが、最終的な発酵温度は60℃を下回っ
ている。この結果から、発酵温度を1日目に70℃以上
に急速上昇させ発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以上に保つ
ためには、前述した実施形態のようにA区画のブロアー
2aの送気時間を50分、停止時間を50分に制御し、
且つ、B〜Dの各区画のブロアー2b,2c,2dの送
気時間を20分、停止時間を50分に制御すればよいこ
とが判る。As shown in this graph, the former case (A
The fermentation temperature rapidly rises to 76.8 ° C on the first day, and the condition of 75 ° C or higher is maintained until the 20th day. Thereafter, the fermentation temperature gradually decreased, but was maintained at 60.1 ° C. even on the 30th day. On the other hand, in the latter case (the air supply time of the blower in section A is 20 minutes), it takes 6 days for the fermentation temperature to reach 75 ° C. or higher, and the change in the fermentation temperature thereafter is almost the same as in the former case. Similar, but the final fermentation temperature is below 60 ° C. From this result, in order to rapidly increase the fermentation temperature to 70 ° C. or higher on the first day and maintain the fermentation temperature at 60 ° C. or higher until the end date of the fermentation treatment, the air supply time of the blower 2a in the A section as in the above-described embodiment is required. 50 minutes, stop time is controlled to 50 minutes,
In addition, it can be seen that the air supply time of the blowers 2b, 2c and 2d in each of the sections B to D should be controlled to 20 minutes, and the stop time should be controlled to 50 minutes.
【0024】次に、A区画のブロアー2aを送気時間5
0分−停止時間50分のサイクルとし、B〜Dの区画の
ブロアー2b,2c,2dを送気時間20分−停止時間
50分のサイクルとして、家畜糞を移動させながら30
日間堆肥発酵させる場合と、A〜Dまでの各区画のブロ
アー2a,2b,2c,2dをすべて送気時間20分−
停止時間50分のサイクルとして、家畜糞を移動させな
がら30日間堆肥発酵させる場合について、大腸菌数の
変化を下記の表1に、大腸菌群数の変化を下記の表2に
示す。Next, the blower 2a in the section A is set to the air supply time 5
A cycle of 0 minutes-stop time of 50 minutes, and the blowers 2b, 2c, and 2d of the sections B to D were cycles of air supply time of 20 minutes-stop time of 50 minutes, and 30 minutes while moving livestock dung.
When the compost fermentation is performed for a day, and the blowers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d in each section from A to D all have an air supply time of 20 minutes.
Table 1 below shows the change in the number of E. coli and Table 2 below shows the change in the number of E. coli in the case of performing compost fermentation for 30 days while moving livestock dung as a cycle of a stop time of 50 minutes.
【0025】尚、大腸菌及び大腸菌群の検査は次の要領
で行ったものである。即ち、各測定地点で家畜糞約1k
gを滅菌したビニル袋に採取し、室温で30分間放置し
た後、採取した家畜糞3gを滅菌したプロメディアXM
ブロス(株式会社エルメックス製)が27ml入った培
養フラスコに入れて、10分間よく振とうし、これを1
0倍希釈サンプル液とした。次に10倍希釈サンプル液
を滅菌メスピペットで1ml採り、9mlの滅菌0.8
5%食塩水に入れてよく撹拌し、これを102倍希釈サ
ンプル液とした。作製した希釈サンプルから、同様の操
作で、103 から109 倍希釈サンプル液を順次製作し
た。10倍希釈サンプル液は培養フラスコに綿栓をし、
そのまま培養した。102 から109 倍希釈サンプル液
については、それぞれの1mlを9mlのプロメディア
XMブロス入りの試験管3本に接種し、培養した。培養
は37℃で24時間行った。24時間後、菌の増殖が認
められ、かつ、培養液が青変したもの(β−ガラクトシ
ターゼ陽性)を大腸菌群陽性、さらに、紫外線(366
nm)を照射し、蛍光を発するもの(β−グルクロニタ
ーゼ陽性)を大腸菌陽性とした。24時間培養後に菌の
増殖の見られないものは、さらに24時間培養し、同様
に判定した。菌数は、3段階希釈における陽性試験管数
から求めた最確数(3−3−3法)で表した。この検査
は3回繰り返して行い、その平均と標準偏差を求めた。The examination of Escherichia coli and coliforms was carried out in the following manner. That is, at each measurement point, livestock dung is about 1k.
g was collected in a sterilized vinyl bag and left at room temperature for 30 minutes.
Broth (manufactured by Elmex Co., Ltd.) is placed in a culture flask containing 27 ml, and shaken well for 10 minutes.
This was a 0-fold diluted sample solution. Next, 1 ml of the 10-fold diluted sample solution was taken with a sterile pipette, and 9 ml of sterilized 0.8
Well stirred in 5% sodium chloride solution, which was used as a 10 2-fold diluted sample solution. From the prepared diluted sample, a 10 3 to 10 9 -fold diluted sample solution was sequentially produced by the same operation. A 10-fold diluted sample solution is plugged with a cotton plug in the culture flask,
The cells were cultured as they were. With respect to the 10 2 to 10 9 -fold diluted sample solution, 1 ml of each sample solution was inoculated into three test tubes containing 9 ml of Promedia XM broth and cultured. The culture was performed at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. Twenty-four hours later, those in which bacterial growth was observed and the culture solution turned blue (positive for β-galactosidase) were positive for coliform bacteria, and further, ultraviolet rays (366)
nm), and those that emit fluorescence (β-glucuronidase positive) were regarded as E. coli positive. If no bacterial growth was observed after culturing for 24 hours, the cells were further cultured for 24 hours, and similarly evaluated. The number of bacteria was represented by the most probable number (method 3-3-3) determined from the number of positive test tubes in three-step dilution. This test was repeated three times, and the average and standard deviation were determined.
【0026】[0026]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0027】表1及び表2に示すように、A区画のブロ
アーの送気時間を50分、停止時間を50分とした前者
の場合は、発酵温度が70℃以上に急速上昇した1日目
に大腸菌数及び大腸菌群数は検出限界以下になり、それ
以降も検出されなかった。これに対し、A区画のブロア
ーの送気時間を20分、停止時間を50分とした後者の
場合は、発酵温度が62℃に上昇した4日目においても
大腸菌及び大腸菌群が検出された。それ以降は、大腸菌
及び大腸菌群とも検出されなくなったが、30日目の堆
肥からは大腸菌群が再び検出された。30日目の堆肥か
ら大腸菌群が検出されたのは3回検査を行ったうちの1
回だけであった。このときの堆肥の発酵温度は56.6
℃であり、他の2回の検査における温度が57.6℃及
び57.7℃であったのに比べてやや低かった。このこ
とから、おそらく57℃付近が大腸菌群の生育限界温度
ではないかと考えられる。また、A区画の送気時間を5
0分、停止時間を50分に制御した前者の場合に大腸菌
群の再増殖を阻止できたのは、30日目の発酵温度が6
0℃以上(60.1℃)で、大腸菌群の生育限界温度を
完全に越えていたためと考えられる。As shown in Tables 1 and 2, in the former case, in which the air supply time of the blower in section A was 50 minutes and the stop time was 50 minutes, on the first day when the fermentation temperature rapidly rose to 70 ° C. or more. In addition, the number of E. coli and the number of E. coli fell below the detection limit and were not detected thereafter. In contrast, in the latter case where the air supply time of the blower in section A was 20 minutes and the stop time was 50 minutes, Escherichia coli and coliforms were detected even on the fourth day when the fermentation temperature increased to 62 ° C. Thereafter, neither Escherichia coli nor the Escherichia coli group was detected, but from the compost on the 30th day, the Escherichia coli group was detected again. The coliform group was detected from the compost on day 30 in one of three tests.
Only once. The fermentation temperature of the compost at this time was 56.6.
° C, which was slightly lower than the temperatures in the other two tests at 57.6 ° C and 57.7 ° C. From this, it is considered that around 57 ° C. is probably the growth limit temperature of the coliform bacteria. In addition, the air supply time of section A is 5
In the former case where the stop time was controlled to 0 minutes and the stop time was controlled to 50 minutes, the regrowth of the coliform bacteria could be prevented because the fermentation temperature on day 30 was 6%.
It is considered that the temperature exceeded 0 ° C. (60.1 ° C.) and completely exceeded the growth limit temperature of the coliform bacteria.
【0028】以上の結果から、発酵温度を1日目に70
℃以上に急速上昇させて発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以
上を保つように、ブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を制御
すると、1日目に大腸菌及び大腸菌群を完全に死滅させ
ることができ、発酵処理の終了段階で大腸菌は勿論、大
腸菌群の再増殖も阻止できることが判る。From the above results, it was found that the fermentation temperature was 70
When the air supply time and the stop time of the blower are controlled so as to rapidly raise the temperature to at least 60 ° C. until the end date of the fermentation treatment, E. coli and coliform bacteria can be completely killed on the first day, It can be seen that, at the end of the fermentation treatment, regrowth of not only Escherichia coli but also Escherichia coli group can be prevented.
【0029】この実施形態の堆肥発酵処理法では、大腸
菌を保有する有機被処理物として家畜糞を使用している
が、家畜糞以外の種々の有機被処理物、例えば厨介残
飯、家庭からの生ゴミなども勿論処理することができ
る。In the compost fermentation treatment method of this embodiment, livestock dung is used as an organic processed material containing Escherichia coli. However, various organic processed materials other than livestock dung, such as kitchen waste and household waste, are used. Of course, garbage can also be processed.
【0030】また、この実施形態の堆肥発酵処理法で
は、発酵槽1を4つの区画に分けて各区画のブロアーの
送気時間と停止時間を前記の如く制御しているが、発酵
槽1の区画数はいくつでもよく、要するに、有機被処理
物の量、処理日数、ブロアーの送気量、出力などを総合
的に考慮して、有機被処理物の発酵温度が1日目に70
℃以上に急速上昇するように、最初の区画のブロアーの
送気時間と停止時間を制御し、更に発酵処理の終了日ま
で発酵温度が60℃以上を保つように、次の区画から最
後の区画までの各区画のブロアーの送気時間と停止時間
を制御すればよい。In the compost fermentation treatment method of this embodiment, the fermenter 1 is divided into four sections, and the air supply time and the stop time of the blower in each section are controlled as described above. The number of sections may be any number. In short, the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated is 70% on the first day, taking into account the amount of the organic material to be treated, the number of treatment days, the amount of air blown by the blower, and the output.
Control the air supply time and stop time of the blower in the first section so that it rapidly rises above ℃, and further, from the next section to the last section so that the fermentation temperature stays above 60 ℃ until the end date of the fermentation process. The air supply time and the stop time of the blower in each section up to may be controlled.
【0031】次に、有機被処理物を移動式スクープ等で
移動させずに開放型の発酵槽の内部で堆肥発酵処理する
場合は、1日目に有機被処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上
に急速上昇し、発酵処理の終了日まで60℃以上を保つ
ように、発酵槽に付設したブロアーの送気時間と停止時
間を経時的に制御して発酵槽への送気と停止を繰り返せ
ばよい。Next, when compost fermentation treatment is performed inside an open fermenter without moving the organic object to be treated by a movable scoop or the like, the fermentation temperature of the organic object to be treated is 70 ° C. or more on the first day. If the air supply time and the stop time of the blower attached to the fermenter are controlled over time so as to keep the temperature higher than 60 ° C. until the end date of the fermentation treatment, the air supply and stop to the fermenter are repeated. Good.
【0032】例えば、家畜糞を30日間堆肥発酵させる
場合は、最初の7日間については、ブロアーの送気時間
を50分、停止時間を50分に制御して、1日目に発酵
温度を70℃以上に急速上昇させ、8日目以降について
は、送気時間を20分、停止時間を50分に制御して、
30日目でも発酵温度が60℃以上を保つようにすれば
よい。For example, when livestock manure is subjected to compost fermentation for 30 days, the air supply time of the blower is controlled to 50 minutes and the stop time is controlled to 50 minutes for the first 7 days, and the fermentation temperature is increased to 70% on the first day. ° C or more, and after the 8th day, the air supply time is controlled to 20 minutes and the stop time is controlled to 50 minutes.
The fermentation temperature may be maintained at 60 ° C. or more even on the 30th day.
【0033】このような堆肥発酵処理法は、比較的少量
の有機被処理物をバッチ方式で堆肥発酵処理する場合に
好適に採用される。Such a compost fermentation treatment method is suitably employed when a relatively small amount of an organic substance to be treated is subjected to a compost fermentation treatment in a batch system.
【0034】[0034]
【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明
の堆肥発酵処理法は、有機被処理物の発酵温度を1日目
に70℃以上に急速上昇させて大腸菌等を完全に死滅さ
せることができ、更に発酵処理が終了するまで発酵温度
を60℃以上に維持して大腸菌等の再増殖を防ぐことが
できるので、有機被処理物がO157などの恐ろしい大
腸菌を保有している場合でも、作業者の安全を守ると共
に、生産される堆肥の安全性を向上させることが可能と
なり、しかも、ブロアーの送気時間と停止時間の制御と
いう極く簡単な手段で発酵温度の調節を行うため、管理
が極めて容易でインバーターや空気流量調節弁などの複
雑、高価な機器類を必要とせず、安価に実施できるとい
った顕著な効果を奏する。As is clear from the above description, in the compost fermentation treatment method of the present invention, the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be treated is rapidly increased to 70 ° C. or more on the first day to completely kill E. coli and the like. Further, since the fermentation temperature can be maintained at 60 ° C. or higher until the fermentation process is completed, re-growth of E. coli and the like can be prevented, even when the organic substance to be treated has terrible E. coli such as O157. In addition to protecting the safety of workers, it is possible to improve the safety of the compost produced, and to adjust the fermentation temperature by extremely simple means of controlling the air supply time and stop time of the blower. It has a remarkable effect that it is extremely easy to manage, does not require complicated and expensive equipment such as an inverter and an air flow control valve, and can be implemented at low cost.
【図1】本発明に係る堆肥発酵処理法の一実施形態の概
略説明図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of one embodiment of a compost fermentation treatment method according to the present invention.
【図2】発酵槽の拡大横断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fermenter.
【図3】発酵温度の上昇の速さ(発酵温度と発酵日数の
関係)を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the rate of increase in fermentation temperature (relationship between fermentation temperature and fermentation days).
【図4】発酵温度の変化(発酵温度と発酵日数の関係)
を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 Changes in fermentation temperature (relationship between fermentation temperature and fermentation days)
FIG.
1 発酵槽 2a,2b,2c,2d ブロアー 3 家畜糞(有機被処理物) 4 移動式スクープ 5 散気管 CP コンピューター DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fermenter 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Blower 3 Livestock dung (organic material to be processed) 4 Mobile scoop 5 Air diffuser CP Computer
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 森 忠明 大阪市阿倍野区昭和町2丁目3番3号 株 式会社モリプラント内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tadaaki Mori 2-3-3, Showa-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi Mori Plant Co., Ltd.
Claims (3)
型の発酵槽に、大腸菌を保有する有機被処理物を入れて
堆肥発酵させるに際し、1日目に有機被処理物の発酵温
度が70℃以上に急速上昇して発酵処理の終了日まで6
0℃以上を保つように、ブロアーの送気時間と停止時間
を制御して発酵槽への送気と停止を繰り返すことを特徴
とする堆肥発酵処理法。When fermenting compost by putting an organic substance to be treated containing Escherichia coli into an open fermenter equipped with a blower for sending air into the tank, the fermentation temperature of the organic substance to be treated is increased on the first day. The temperature rises rapidly to 70 ° C or higher until the end of the fermentation treatment.
A compost fermentation treatment method characterized in that the air supply time and the stop time of the blower are controlled so as to maintain 0 ° C. or more, and the air supply to the fermenter and the stop are repeated.
るブロアーを付設した開放型の発酵槽の最初の区画に、
大腸菌を保有する有機被処理物を入れて最後の区画まで
少しずつ移動させながら堆肥発酵させるに際し、1日目
に有機被処理物の発酵温度が70℃以上に急速上昇する
ように、最初の区画のブロアーの送気時間と停止時間を
制御して最初の区画への送気と停止を繰り返し、更に発
酵処理の終了日まで発酵温度が60℃以上を保つよう
に、次の区画から最後の区画までの各区画のブロアーの
送気時間と停止時間を制御して各区画への送気と停止を
繰り返すことを特徴とする堆肥発酵処理法。2. The first compartment of an open fermenter having a plurality of compartments and a blower for sending air to each compartment,
When the fermentation temperature of the organic material to be processed rapidly rises to 70 ° C. or more on the first day when the compost fermentation is performed while the organic material to be treated having E. coli is put and gradually moved to the last compartment, the first compartment is used. The air supply time and the stop time of the blower are controlled to repeat the air supply and stop to the first section, and further, from the next section to the last section so that the fermentation temperature is maintained at 60 ° C. or higher until the end date of the fermentation treatment. A compost fermentation treatment method characterized in that the air supply time and the stop time of the blower of each section are controlled until the air supply and stop of each section are repeated.
ある請求項1又は請求項2に記載の堆肥発酵処理法。3. The compost fermentation treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the organic substance to be treated having Escherichia coli is livestock dung.
Priority Applications (1)
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---|---|---|---|
JP34226997A JPH11157973A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Compost fermentative treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP34226997A JPH11157973A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Compost fermentative treatment |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11157973A true JPH11157973A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
Family
ID=18352418
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JP34226997A Pending JPH11157973A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Compost fermentative treatment |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111715679A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-09-29 | 杭州洁洁环保科技有限公司 | Circulating dehydration biochemical processor and control method thereof |
WO2021102926A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 惠州东方雨虹建筑材料有限责任公司 | Spraying device of multifunctional production line for coiled material |
JP2023074661A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-30 | 株式会社晃伸製機 | air supply system |
-
1997
- 1997-11-26 JP JP34226997A patent/JPH11157973A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021102926A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 惠州东方雨虹建筑材料有限责任公司 | Spraying device of multifunctional production line for coiled material |
CN111715679A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-09-29 | 杭州洁洁环保科技有限公司 | Circulating dehydration biochemical processor and control method thereof |
CN111715679B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2023-12-19 | 杭州洁洁环保科技有限公司 | Circulation dehydration biochemical treatment machine and control method thereof |
JP2023074661A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-30 | 株式会社晃伸製機 | air supply system |
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