JPH11155363A - Culture soil having seed fixed thereto and plant product - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a culture soil having seeds fixed thereto capable of providing a good environment related to the germination of the plant seeds and growth of germinated young plants by fixing the plant seeds to the culture soil with a fixing agent. SOLUTION: This culture soil having seeds fixed thereto is obtained by fixing the plant seeds to the culture soil with a fixing agent. In the culture soil having the seeds fixed thereto, the fixing agent can be a material having plant physiological actions. The fixing agent can be a material having the plant physiological actions promoting the germination of the seeds and growth of the germinated young plants. The fixing agent can be composed of a liquid containing natural polysaccharides. Furthermore, the fixing agent can be composed of a liquid containing chitosan and the natural polysaccharides.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to seed-fixing soil and plant products.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Techniques relating to germination of plant seeds and breeding of young plants are important in the production of seeds and seedlings of agricultural and horticultural crops and the production of various plants.

[0003] In seed production, seeds are sown (filled or laid) on soil to germinate and grow. In addition, plug seedlings for germinating and growing plant seeds by filling culture soil prepared by adding a fertilizer or a root rot inhibitor to soil into a readily degradable container are also being produced. In large-scale seedling production, a large and expensive sowing machine is used in order to appropriately manage the sowing density and sowing depth.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to develop a novel means capable of providing a favorable environment for germination of plant seeds and cultivation of young plants.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems and Embodiments of the Invention
(1) A seed-fixed soil obtained by fixing a plant seed to a soil using a fixing agent. . The fixing agent refers to an adhesive capable of fixing plant seeds to the soil.

[0006] The cultivation soil refers to a cultivation substrate having a fixed form, such as soil generally used for plant cultivation, molded ceramic particles, synthetic resin molded foam, and the like, to which plant seeds can be fixed. In the case of particles such as soil, both the particles and the aggregated state of the particles are included.

[0007] Therefore, the mode of seed-fixing soil is characterized in that one or more plant seeds are fixed to particles of soil or the like, and the aggregate state of particles of soil or the like (ie, the state where soil or the like is laid, typically Is a state in which soil is placed in a container such as a flowerpot), and one or more plant seeds are fixed to the
There is an embodiment in which one or more plant seeds are fixed to a culture substrate having a fixed form. Is a state where the plant seeds are fixed on the surface layer of the laid soil, and the surface layer of the soil itself is also fixed.

In the case of large seeds, it is easy to control the amount of seed sown per unit area. On the other hand, in the case of fine seeds, conventionally, it has been difficult to sow a certain number of seeds in a certain area, but the seed-fixing soil according to the aspect makes it easy to control the seeding amount per unit area. The seeding work is also performed reliably and there is no waste of seeds, and after being installed, there is no risk of being blown away by wind and rain, etc.
Germination and breeding of plant seeds in the target area is possible.

[0009] In the seed-fixing soil of the embodiment, the particulate soil and the fixing agent are mixed and stirred to form a film of the fixing agent on the surface of the soil, and then the plant seeds are adhered to the surface of the soil and dried. Can be manufactured. It can also be obtained by mixing, stirring and drying the plant seed, the particulate soil, and the fixing agent. It can also be obtained by adding plant seeds and a fixing agent to the granulation process of artificial soil.

[0010] By the seed-fixing soil according to the embodiment, the plant seed is stopped at a predetermined position and is prevented from moving, so that germination and growth of the plant seed can be performed in a target area. Further, in the case of a product in which one or more plant seeds are fixed to a state where soil is put in a container (typically, fixed to the surface layer of laid soil), during transportation or transportation, The movement of the seeds due to vibrations of the seeds is prevented, and the seeds can be distributed to the market as commodities in which the seeding operation is omitted. The same action as in the case of the seed-fixed soil of the embodiment can be achieved.

[0011] The seed-fixing soil of the above embodiments can be produced by applying a liquid fixing agent to the surface layer of the soil to form a film, then attaching and drying the plant seeds, and fixing. Alternatively, the plant seeds may be mixed with a fixing agent solution, and the mixed solution may be applied to the surface layer of the cultivated soil, dried and fixed. It can also be produced by placing a plant seed on a cultivation soil, applying a fixing agent, drying and fixing.

(2) The seed fixing medium according to (1), wherein the fixing agent has a plant physiological action. The fixing agent contains a substance having a plant physiological action. With this configuration, the plant physiological action acts on the seed from the fixing agent, so that it is not necessary to separately supply an agent having a plant physiological action after seeding. The plant physiological action includes, in addition to the plant growth promoting action, a growth suppressing action by a plant growth regulator such as abscisic acid and other plant physiological actions.

(3) The seed-fixing soil according to (2), wherein the fixing agent has a plant physiological action to promote germination of seeds and growth of germinated seedlings. The fixing agent contains a substance having a plant physiological action that promotes germination of seeds and growth of germinated seedlings. With this configuration, germination of seeds can be promoted only by water supply, and growth of seedlings can be promoted even after germination.

(4) The seed fixing medium according to (1), wherein the fixing agent comprises a liquid containing a natural polysaccharide. As described above, the fixing agent is an adhesive capable of fixing the plant seed to the soil. Although some synthetic polymers have excellent adhesive strength, they are not necessarily harmless to plants, so use a solution containing natural polysaccharides that are naturally compatible and have little effect on plants. The plant seeds are fixed to the soil by utilizing the viscosity and adhesiveness. Examples of the natural polysaccharide include cellulose (preferably water-soluble cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose), pectin, alginic acid, and polygalacturonic acid.

(5) The seed fixing medium according to (2), wherein the fixing agent comprises a mixed solution containing chitosan and a natural polysaccharide. When cellulose or starch is used alone or as a mixture, it is not possible to say that bacteria, molds, etc. will proliferate as time passes and impair the aesthetic appearance or give off a bad smell. Therefore, chitosan, which is obtained by deacetylating chitin, which is a component of crab and shrimp shells, has the function of suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria and mold, and has been attracting attention as a raw material for biodegradable plastics. It was made.

In Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-108161, a mixed solution of chitosan and a natural polysaccharide is applied to at least the surface layer of a soil and dried to fix the soil and to move ornamental plants planted in the soil. Although a technique for preventing falling has been disclosed, a technical idea of fixing seeds directly to a medium has not been suggested.

The use of the above-mentioned fixing agent containing chitosan can simultaneously achieve the functions of fixing seeds, fixing artificial soil, and promoting plant growth. The fixing agent has a plant physiological action that promotes the growth of young plants immediately after germination of plant seeds.
Therefore, a plant product in which seeds are fixed to artificial soil using this fixing agent has the advantage of promoting the growth of plants after germination. Furthermore, the present inventors have obtained a new finding that the above-mentioned fixing agent also has an effect of promoting seed germination. The above-mentioned fixing agent forms a water-retaining gel or viscous solution after absorbing water, and functions to further enhance the water retention of the artificial soil. When plant seeds are placed on the surface of artificial soil and fixed using this fixing agent, a water-retentive film is formed around the seeds after water supply to protect the seeds from drying, thereby facilitating germination of the seeds.

Chitosan itself is decomposed by bacteria having a chitosan-degrading enzyme in the soil or the like, but the decomposition is not so-called spoilage, but is simply degraded in a form that loses its properties as a fiber. After that, since it acts as a fertilizer for plants, it can have a favorable effect on plants. Although chitosan has excellent viscosity, it is not sufficient as a fixing agent by itself.

Since chitosan is insoluble in water, an appropriate amount of cellulose or the like is usually added to an aqueous solution of chitosan salt, for example, a mixture of chitosan and dilute acetic acid solution, or dilute acetic acid solution, chitosan and cellulose, alginic acid or pectin are added. Are mixed together to obtain a liquid fixing agent.
When chitosan is mixed with an aqueous solution of polygalacturonic acid, it is not necessary to use dilute acetic acid since it is dissolved in the solution. Also, instead of dilute acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid,
Lactic acid or the like may be used. The fixing agent may contain an additive or the like as needed.

The mixing ratio of polysaccharide such as cellulose to chitosan is 20 to 400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of chitosan.
Parts by weight are preferred. More preferably, the amount is 20 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of chitosan. In the above-mentioned range, not only good adhesion can be maintained, but also an uncomfortable feeling such as whitening of the soil after drying can be suppressed. As the polysaccharide content is increased, the strength for fixing the soil is improved, but the place where the fixing agent is applied becomes whiter after drying.

When pectin is used, the amount of acetic acid used when preparing a solution can be adjusted depending on the degree of methyl esterification of pectin. Reducing the amount of acetic acid further reduces the possibility of affecting plants.

When alginic acid is used, since the alginic acid is generally commercially available in the form of sodium alginate, an amount of acetic acid equivalent to that in the case of adding cellulose is used for preparing the fixing agent solution.

The component composition of the fixing agent is, for example, 1
200 g of chitosan, pectin 8 in 0 liter aqueous solution
It is produced containing 0 g and 20 ml of acetic acid. In actual use, this solution can be appropriately diluted with water before use.

However, the component composition of the fixing agent is not limited to the above, and can be optimized by changing the component composition and concentration according to the properties of the soil to be fixed and the properties of plant seeds to be grown. It is.

(6) The cultivated soil is an artificial cultivated soil as described in (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5).

Generally, it is considered that there is psychological resistance to contamination caused by bringing soil into a room for plant cultivation. In breeding plants used as learning teaching materials in addition to interior ornamental plants (referred to as learning teaching plants) and plants used in horticultural therapy (referred to as horticultural therapy plants), plant cultivation places are often indoors. Therefore, in cultivation of such a plant, it is desirable to use a clean soil instead of soil. The use of clean artificial soil can also prevent the introduction of phytopathogenic bacteria from the soil, and can germinate and grow healthy plants.

As the artificial cultivation soil, a porous fired product, in particular, a product obtained by firing fine powder of cristobalite to various particle diameters (Christrite, trade name, manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.)
Is preferred. This fired product has water retention and is suitable for germination and growth of plant seeds. Moreover, since it is a granular fired product, it does not collapse even when it absorbs water, and forms an artificial soil with excellent air permeability. By changing the particle size of the fired product, it is possible to cope with germination and growth of plant seeds having different particle sizes. Since sterilization is performed by the firing operation, a clean artificial soil is formed.

The artificial cultivation is not limited to the above-mentioned ones, but may include the burning of cristobalite, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, foamed bricks and the like having similar properties, and further, the disposal of unglazed pots used for horticulture. Industrial waste such as cultivated soil obtained by molding products can also be used. Moreover, you may use the mixture of these artificial cultivation soils, and also the artificial cultivation soil mixture which added the fertilizer required for plant growth.

The particle size of the artificial soil is usually 1 to 5 mm.
It is possible to use those having the most appropriate particle size depending on the shape and size of the plant seed to be used.

(7) A plant product in which plant seeds are fixed on the surface layer of the soil put in a container using a fixing agent. With this configuration, in the product, the movement of the seed due to vibration or the like at the time of transportation or transportation is prevented, and the product can be distributed to the market as a product in which the seeding operation is omitted. That is, in such a product, the seeds are previously contained in the soil, and germination can be promoted only by supplying water. Further, by fixing the surface of the cultivated soil together with the seeds, it is possible to prevent breakage (scattering) of the product due to vibration during transportation.

The above-mentioned plant product in which the plant seeds are fixed to the soil can be started to germinate and grow by supplying water. Of course, after germination, the fertilizer may be applied by giving a nutrient solution.

(Plant Species) In growing interior ornamental plants, learning teaching plants, and horticultural remedies, the demand for seeds by sowing the seeds and watering the seedlings after germination is simplified. It is thought that can be expanded. Such a product contains plant seeds in advance in the soil, and can promote germination only by water supply, has excellent water retention of the soil, does not dry during cultivation, has good air (oxygen) flowability, It is desirable to have such properties as not causing root rot.

In addition, in growing interior ornamental plants, learning teaching plants, and horticultural therapy plants, the life cycle from seed germination to plant growth, flowering and fruiting is completed in a short period of about one month. There may be demand.

Therefore, applying the technique of fixing plant seeds to the soil according to the present invention to such plants is as follows:
This is a preferred embodiment, and provides a plant product that can be used as an interior ornamental plant, a learning teaching plant, or a horticultural therapy plant using plant seeds that bloom within about one month after the start of water supply. can do.

Plant species for producing plant products to be used as interior ornamental plants, learning teaching plants, and horticultural therapy plants. Plant species that reach flowering in a short period of time, about one month after the start of water supply, include water-absorbing plants. One type of cruciferous plant whose life cycle from germination to flowering and fruiting ends in about one month is preferred.

This kind of Brassicaceae plant will reach flowering in a short period of about one month after the start of water supply.
It is about 10 cm and worth watching. Products using this plant are suitable for use as interior ornamental plants. Middle-aged and elderly people in Japan are thought to have nostalgia for rapeseed blossoms and rape fields in early spring, and many people prefer to use tabletop interiors in early spring.

The plant species used are not limited to one type of cruciferous plant. There is a possibility that the life cycle will be completed in about one month, and plants that will be small in size and have high ornamental value will be searched and developed according to each season of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The purpose of using plants that have a life cycle of about one month, have a small individual size, and have high ornamental value is not limited to interior ornamental plants. It can also be used as a learning teaching plant or a horticultural therapy plant.

The technique of fixing seeds on artificial soil using a fixing agent, and the resulting plant products are used not only as interior ornamental plants, learning teaching plants, and horticultural therapy plants, but also as seedlings for agricultural and horticultural crops. Also applicable to

Since mass production of plug seedlings for agricultural and horticultural crops requires an expensive and large-sized machine used for sowing work, a specialist or a seedling center often contracts production. Current methods may not be able to respond to the purpose of producing seeds and seedlings for individual farmers considering their own crops. The technique of fixing seeds on artificial soil using a fixing agent includes the possibility that individual agricultural producers will adopt the technique for producing plug seedlings in consideration of their own crops.

[0041]

EXAMPLES (Example 1) A fixing agent containing chitosan as a main component has a plant growth promoting action. This effect was confirmed by sowing and growing a Japanese radish (Brassicaceae plant) on a plant growing substrate (trade name: oasis) molded into an open-celled foam of phenolic resin and coated with a fixing agent.
The composition of the fixing agent was prepared by including 200 g of chitosan, 80 g of pectin and 20 ml of acetic acid in a 10 liter aqueous solution. This solution was appropriately diluted with water and used.

The confirmation test was performed in the following procedure. Length 1
An oasis having a size of 2 cm, a width of 9 cm, and a thickness of 3 cm was prepared by forming 91 holes of 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in depth at regular intervals on one surface. To this, a 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 dilution of the above-mentioned fixing agent is evenly sprayed (applied) in 40 ml increments.
did. As a control, water was sprayed instead of the chitosan solution. The seeds of the Japanese radish were placed on each hole one by one, and the fixing agent was dried to fix the seeds. An oasis was placed in a plastic vat filled with water, and water was supplied from the bottom. The water depth was set to submerge 2 cm from the bottom of the oasis. The germination and growth were carried out at 25 to 30 ° C for 5 days under indoor scattered light. The number of germinated seeds and the lower hypocotyl length of germinated plants were measured.

As the test results, FIG. 1 shows the distribution of the lower hypocotyl length of the seedlings having the lower hypocotyl length from the top to the 30th among the germinating and growing Japanese radish sprouts in each treatment group.

Promoting effect of fixative on elongation of hypocotyl of radish seedling A: control (water) B: 1/8 diluted fixative C: 1/4 diluted fixative D: 1/2 diluted fixative

[0045]

FIG.

As is clear from FIG. 1, the effect of promoting the extension of the hypocotyl of the Japanese radish was observed in the case where the fixing agent was used. The accelerating effect was larger in the order of a quarter dilution, a half dilution, and a eighth dilution.

Also, as a result of sowing 91 seeds in each treatment section, the number of germinated seeds was 1/8, 1/4 of the control (water).
One-half chitosan dilutions, 41, 51, 5 respectively
There were 4,48. It is understood that the fixing agent has a germination promoting effect.

Further tests have also revealed that the fixative has the effect of increasing the germination rate of eustoma.

(Example 2) An example in which a plant product in which a plant seed is fixed on a surface layer of a cultivated soil put in a container by using a fixing agent will be described. Creation of artificial soil using cristobalite fired material was performed as follows. Upper end diameter 7c
In the bottom of a plastic container having a diameter of 5 m and a depth of 3 cm, two holes each having a diameter of 5 mm are formed. This hole is for water supply and drainage. The hole was closed with a piece of gardening net that allowed water to pass but not artificial soil.

A fired cristobalite having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a fired diameter of 3 to 5 mm (Chrislite, trade name, manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.) and a fired soil of 2 to 3 mm (Kureha culture soil, commercially available) were prepared. Was placed in a container as each of the following compositions, and the surface was made uniform.

Upper layer: cristobalite (diameter 1 to 2 mm) 5 g Lower layer: cristobalite (diameter 3 to 5 mm) 40 g Upper layer: cristobalite (diameter 1 to 2 mm) 5 g Lower layer: cristobalite (diameter 3 to 5 mm) 25 g + soil calcined product (2 to 3 mm) ) 25 g (mixed) Upper layer: Soil calcined material (2 to 3 mm) 5 g Lower layer: Cristobalite (diameter 3 to 5 mm) 25 g + Soil calcined material (2 to 3 mm) 25 g (mixed) Soil calcined material (2 to 3 mm) 80 g

The seeds of four cruciferous plants are placed on the surface of the artificial soil. The seeds of this cruciferous plant have a diameter of 1 to
2 mm, which is almost the same size as the fired cristobalite of artificial soil. Therefore, the use of the cristobalite fired product having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm is selected in order to prevent the seed from falling into the cultivation layer. The presence of the seed on the surface of the cultivation layer has the effect of providing a sufficient supply of air (oxygen) to the seed during germination.

The particle size of the cristobalite fired material to be overlaid on the upper layer is, of course, not limited to 1 to 2 mm. Depending on the shape and size of the plant seeds to be used, those having the most appropriate particle size can be used.

30 ml of the fixing agent (described in Example 1) containing chitosan as a main component diluted to 1/8 was uniformly spread over the artificial soil on which the seeds were placed. All day and night,
Leave to dry at room temperature. After drying, the product seeds are fixed to the surface of the artificial soil and the artificial soil is fixed at the same time, so that the shape does not collapse due to vibration during transportation.

Germination by water supply and rearing of plants after germination,
Flowering was performed as follows. 5m plastic container
It was placed in a plastic vat filled with water to a depth of m and water was supplied from the bottom. When allowed to stand under room scattered light at 25 to 30 ° C. to germinate and grow, flowering started about one month later. Since the cruciferous plants have infinite inflorescences, flowering continued for 2-3 weeks thereafter. During training,
Water was supplied to the outer plastic bat so that the surface of the artificial soil did not dry. From two weeks after germination, once a week,
It is advisable to apply a plant nutrient inorganic salt solution diluted 1/500.

Four weeks after the start of water supply, flowering occurred. At this time, the plant height was only 7 to 10 cm. The growth of the plants was good in the order of>=>.
The best growth was obtained when the fired cristobalite with a small particle size was overlaid on the culture soil obtained by mixing the fired cristobalite and the fired soil in equal volumes. The growth of the culture soil containing only the burned soil was poor.

The height of the plant can be controlled by changing the concentration (dilution ratio) of the fixing agent. In the test using the 1/4 diluted fixative, the 1/2 diluted fixative, and the 1/1 fixative, the height of the plant is 1/4 diluted fixative> 1/2 diluted fixative> 1/1 fixative. It was in order.

[0058] Fertilizers have been added to the above-mentioned commercially available products of soil burnt products in advance. Therefore, the size (plant height) of the finally growing plant can be controlled by preparing and using the cultivated soil in which the mixture ratio of the baked cristobalite and the baked soil is changed.

[0059]

As described above, according to the seed-fixing soil and the plant product of the present invention, a favorable environment for germination of plant seeds and cultivation of seedlings is provided by a novel means which has not been used in the past. be able to.

The seeds are fixed to the surface of the soil using a fixing agent comprising a mixed solution containing chitosan and natural polysaccharide, so that a water-retaining, moderately thick film is formed on the seed surface after water supply. While protecting from drying, it is possible to secure a good oxygen supply and keep the environment until germination optimal.
Chitosan, which is the main component of the fixing agent, improves the germination rate and promotes the growth of seedlings after germination.

The fixation of seeds to the surface of the cultivated soil by the fixing agent
It has a favorable effect on the germination of seeds and the growth of plants after germination, and also fixes the cultivation soil and the seeds.When this is commercialized, the movement of the seeds due to vibration during transportation or handling is prevented. It does not hinder distribution in the market.

The seed-fixing soil and plant product to be produced are:
The use of clean artificial soil is extremely beneficial for indoor plant cultivation such as interior ornamental plants, learning teaching plants, and horticultural therapy plants, and for use as plant products.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the distribution of lower hypocotyl length of seedlings having 30 hypocotyl lengths from the top among the Japanese radish sprouts in Examples.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takao Kobayashi 34-7 Hamada Itabashi, Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture (72) Inventor Mikoko Kobayashi 34-7 Hamada Itabashi, Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A seed-fixing soil obtained by fixing a plant seed to a soil using a fixing agent. 2. The seed-fixing soil according to claim 1, wherein the fixing agent has a plant physiological action. 3. The seed-fixing soil according to claim 2, wherein the fixing agent has a plant physiological action for promoting germination of seeds and growth of germinated seedlings. 4. The seed-fixing soil according to claim 1, wherein the fixing agent comprises a liquid containing a natural polysaccharide. 5. The seed-fixing soil according to claim 2, wherein the fixing agent comprises a mixture containing chitosan and a natural polysaccharide. 6. The soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil is artificial soil.
The seed-fixed soil according to 2, 3, 4 or 5. 7. A plant product obtained by fixing a plant seed to a surface layer of a soil medium placed in a container using a fixing agent.