JPH1046550A - Environment preserving block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method by which the natural scenery can be maintained and a water quality can be improved by reliably vegitating water side plants in reveting work of rivers, lakes and marskes. SOLUTION: In a block 10 to be used in reveting work of rivers, lakes and marshes, its block 10 is formed of a water permeable frame body 12. In that case, a vegetating medium 20 is housed inside the frame body 12, and its vegetating medium 20 is constituted so as to contain two layers of an upper layer composed of soil 14 in which at least waterside plants are planted or roots and stems or the like of the waterside plants are housed and a lower layer composed of water permeable layers 16 and 18.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a block used for revetment work of rivers and lakes, and more particularly to a multi-natural type environmental protection block capable of improving landscape and purifying water by vegetation of waterside plants. .

[0002]

In recent years, as the importance of preserving and nurturing the natural environment has been recognized, it has been pointed out that the necessity of protecting and nurturing waterside plants on river banks of rivers and shores of lakes and marshes has been pointed out. Water plants not only help improve the natural landscape,
It also purifies the waters of rivers and lakes and provides the space necessary for the propagation of aquatic animals such as fish. In most of the conventional revetment works, it was almost always the case that the native riparian plants were pulled out and finished with concrete lacquer walls. For this reason, after the construction, the environment where the waterside plants grow naturally did not become an environment, and the landscape was unnatural so that the greenery did not recover any time.

Conventionally, various vegetation methods have been proposed to protect the slopes of roads, residential lands, and rivers and to maintain aesthetic appearance. For example, a spraying method in which flower seeds are mixed with guest soil material and fertilizer and sprayed on the slope, or a method of laying a sheet in which seeds and fertilizer are bonded and held, or seeds and fertilizer are bonded A vegetation bag construction method in which soil is packed and laid in a bag, or a construction method of stacking a slope protection greening block mainly made of concrete, etc. are well known.

However, vegetation of waterside plants using these methods has the following problems. In other words, there are many types of riparian plants that have roots and stems on the underwater soil, the vegetation soil is constantly exposed to the water current, and the vegetation soil flows out. In addition, the water may be washed not only by the steady gentle current but also by the strong current when the river rises. Therefore, in order to prevent the outflow of vegetation soil, it is necessary not only to prevent outflow, but also from the viewpoint of revetment.

The present inventor has previously described (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-33432)
No.), a method of transplanting aquatic plants using sandbags was proposed. In addition to transplanting aquatic plants and growing them natively, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a method of combining seawall protection of rivers and lakes with water purification by waterside plants and water purification by contact oxidation between gravel, and as a result, the present invention has been reached. .

[0006]

The present invention takes the following means to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, the gist of the present invention is a block used for revetment work of rivers and lakes, the block is formed of a water-permeable frame, and a vegetation medium is accommodated inside the frame, The vegetation medium includes two layers: an upper layer made of a sandbag in which a waterside plant is planted or in which a rhizome of the waterside plant is stored, and a lower layer made of a water-permeable soil layer.

Further, in such an environmental protection block,
The wave protection block is provided on the upper surface of the environmental protection block.

Further, in such an environmental protection block,
That is, a spacer portion for determining a space between adjacent environmental protection blocks is provided integrally with the environmental protection block.

Further, in such an environmental protection block,
When the environmental protection block is laid, a space serving as a fishway is provided inside and / or below the block and / or between the blocks.

Further, in such an environmental protection block,
The sandbag is made of a fabric containing at least either biodegradable fiber or photodegradable fiber.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of an environmental protection block according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a block according to the present invention. A block 10 has a frame 12 having a rectangular parallelepiped frame structure as a whole, and is disposed in the frame 12. The vegetation medium 20 includes the sandbag 14 and the water-permeable layers 16 and 18, and the surface layer 22. The frame 12 is a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG.
An opening 24 is provided on each of the surfaces, and is configured to allow water to flow in any direction of up, down, left, and right. In addition, sandbags are planted with waterside plants, or
It contains the rhizomes of waterside plants and germinates after a suitable time.

The environmental protection block using the concrete frame of the present embodiment and the method of construction are implemented as follows. First, a plurality of frame bodies 12 are laid, and then the water-permeable layers 16 and 18 are formed using a marble stone or gravel water material of an appropriate size.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, if the frames 12 are laid side by side like a grid, the openings 24 on the side surfaces of each frame 12 are connected to form a lattice-shaped space. The water-permeable layers 16 and 18 formed by the debris spread in a planar manner across the frames 12. In other words, the direction of water passage in the water passage layers 16 and 18 is not limited to one direction, but can be the front, rear, left, and right directions.

Next, the sandbags 14 are arranged on the water-permeable layer 16 by putting the sandbags 14 through the opening 24 above the frame 12. Furthermore, a stone or the like is put on the sandbag 14 to fill the upper space inside the frame 12 and form the surface layer 22. If necessary, a net such as a wire net may be provided thereon.

In the block group formed as described above, the water-permeable layers 16 and 18 are formed as two-dimensionally continuous layers through the openings 24 provided on the side surfaces of the frame 12. Become. For this reason, the flow of the river water flowing through the water-permeable layers 16 and 18 becomes two-dimensional, and the sewage purification action by the active microorganisms adhering to the stone and the gravel is stably performed.

The environmental protection block using the concrete frame according to the present embodiment and the construction method thereof are implemented in another mode as follows. That is, the inside of the frame 12 is covered with a net such as a wire mesh, or a wire mesh or a grid is provided on the bottom and side surfaces of the opening 24 of the frame 12.
Then, the frame body 12 is arranged on land or the like near a predetermined factory or construction site, and the stones and gravel constituting the water-permeable layers 18 and 16 are sequentially put into the frame body 12. Next, the sandbag 14 is put in, and the surface layer 22 is formed thereon to complete the block 10. In this way, the shore protection work can be performed by laying the block 10 in which the vegetation medium is already stored. In this way, the repair work for rivers and the like and the manufacture of the blocks can be performed at the same time, and the work period for the revetment work and the like can be performed in a short period of time.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of continuously protecting a bank from a slope 36 of a river to a riverbed 38 by the environmental protection block method according to the present invention. The slope 36 serves as a so-called revetment building block, and the riverbed 38 serves as a so-called shoring block. In the riverbed 38, the block 10 is completely below the water surface 40 and the block 10
Not only on the upper surface of the
Water will flow even though it passes. Therefore, the active microorganisms will eventually adhere to the gravel and the like forming the water-permeable layers 16 and 18, and the pollutants will be decomposed by the catalytic oxidation, thereby purifying the water quality of the river.

The riparian plants planted on the sandbag 14 or containing the rhizome grow after a certain period of time after construction and grow tall, and at the same time, spread the rhizome in the block. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the rhizome 44 that has penetrated the sandbag 14 and entered the water-permeable layer 16 eventually reaches the water-permeable layer 18, and finally reaches the adjacent block 10 and the riverbed 38 below the block. It will grow. When grown up to this point, the waterside plant 42 itself is firmly rooted, so that it will not be washed away by a considerably strong water current.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the river on which revetment work has been carried out as shown in FIG. 4, waterside plants 42 grow not only on the slope 36 but also before the leaves are extended on the water surface. Therefore, the natural landscape will be greatly improved. In addition, the water quality is improved by the purifying action of the waterside plants 42, and below the water surface is a place where small animals such as fish lay eggs and breed.

The riparian plants referred to in the present invention include riparian forests such as willows and hannon, wet plants such as sedges, irises and mizu-basho, reeds, sea cucumbers and mosses. Although it refers to a water-extracting plant, a water-side plant particularly suitable for the environmental conservation block method of the present invention includes a water-extracting plant that has roots in soil at the bottom of the water and extracts foliage on the water surface.

The sandbag 14 used in the present invention is one in which soil is loaded in a bag formed of woven or nonwoven fabric. In this method, a part of the bag is cut out to plant a seedling of a waterside plant, or a sandbag in which a rhizome or rhizome having germination ability is embedded in the soil is used. Preferably, the degree of cultivation of waterside plants should be adjusted according to the construction time and contents.

The soil to be loaded into the sandbag may be any commonly used soil, and is not particularly limited. Preferably, the soil is adjusted for water retention, air permeability, PH and the like so as to be suitable for the growth of waterside plants. In consideration of the above, some kinds of soil, fertilizer components, and the like are appropriately blended.

Since the water-permeable layer 16 is for receiving the thin roots of waterside plants that penetrate the sandbag 14, it is preferable to use a relatively small material. 10mm ~
It is preferable to use rubble, pumice or the like having a diameter of about 50 mm. The water-permeable layer 18 is a space where waterside plants take root, and at the same time, plays a role of purifying water by contact oxidation between gravel by actively flowing water. A size of about 50 mm to 200 mm in diameter is preferable.

The purpose of providing the surface layer 22 is to prevent the sandbag 14 from being washed away by a strong water flow.
The second is to create a natural landscape. Therefore, it is preferable to use relatively large and heavy natural stones.
Further, in order to promote germination of the waterside plant 42 contained in the sandbag 14 from the rhizome, appropriate sunlight is required. For this purpose, a large stone is used to form a gap and the surface layer is arranged. It is preferred that sunlight easily pass through 22.

A net such as a wire net may be used to meet the purpose and necessity of the sandbag 14, such as prevention of outflow, water permeability, and moderate sunlight permeability. Instead of the surface layer 22, or in combination with the surface layer 22. If the frame 12 and a net such as a wire mesh are connected by a wire or the like, the wire such as the wire mesh does not move, so that the sandbag 14 can be further prevented from flowing out.

At least one opening 24 is provided on the side surface of the frame 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the openings 24 may be provided on all four side surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped, or may be provided on only three surfaces, only two surfaces, or only one surface. Depending on the situation at the construction site, if there is a direction in which the rhizome of the waterside plant does not want to be stretched, or a direction in which the water in the rivers or lakes does not want to flow, a block having a surface without the opening 24 is used to change the direction. Work to shut off. Further, the opening 24 may be constituted by one opening, but may be constituted by a plurality of openings.
The shape and the like are not limited.

The frame 12 is not limited to a concrete block as shown in FIG. There is a space inside which can accommodate the vegetation medium, and the water-permeable frame 1
2 is sufficient. For example, a so-called Japanese basket 46 as shown in FIG. 7 can be used. Square basket 46
FIG. 8 shows an example in which the vegetation medium 20 according to the present invention is configured. Note that reference numerals are given in the drawings, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the structure of the present invention, the sandbag 14 is for preventing the outflow of soil that supports the growth of the waterside plant 42 until the waterfront plant 42 grows sufficiently large.
Numerals 6 and 18 are spaces necessary for waterside plants to sufficiently extend their rhizomes, and also spaces necessary for attaching active microorganisms to purify water by catalytic oxidation. In addition, the water-permeable frame 12 prevents outflow of the vegetation medium 20 and plays a role of revetment. Furthermore, the block shape formed comprehensively improves the workability at the revetment work site. Therefore, only in the environmental protection block construction method according to this configuration, multi-natural type revetment work is possible.

Although the embodiments of the environmental protection block according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

For example, a wave-dissipating block may be provided to further prevent the outflow of the sandbag 14 or the soil loaded in the sandbag 14. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the wave-dissipating block 26 includes a water receiving plate 26A that receives a water flow, a cutout portion 26B that allows a small amount of water flow, and a support 26C that stands the water receiving plate 26A. Is formed. This wave-dissipating block 26 is attached to the upper end of the frame 12 as shown in FIG. 10, and furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11, the wave-dissipating block 26 is positioned substantially at right angles to the flow of water in the direction of the arrow. They are laid out on the riverbed. Behind the wave-dissipating block 26, the momentum of the water flow weakens.
4 or the soil or the waterside plant 42 is less likely to flow out.

In order to attach the wave-eliminating block 26 to the frame 12, it is preferable to provide a mounting seat 28 on the frame 12, as shown in FIG. 12, for example. By providing the mounting seats 28 on the upper two sides of the frame 12, the mounting as shown in FIG. 10 becomes possible. If necessary, mortar or concrete may be poured around the attachment portion to reinforce the attachment of the wave breaking block 26.

Next, the environmental protection block of the present invention can be configured so that an appropriate gap is provided between the blocks 10 so as to improve water permeability or secure a space as a fishway. For example, as shown in FIG.
Each of the four sides of the frame 12 has a convex spacer portion 30.
Is provided, the interval between adjacent blocks becomes W
The block 10 can be laid so that

Alternatively, a catch may be formed between the blocks by using the spacer portion 30 so that the block 10 is hard to move. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, if a convex spacer portion 30 is provided at one corner of the frame body 12 and a concave portion 32 is provided at the other three corners, the convex spacer portion 30 and the concave portion 32 are fitted. Can be combined. When the block 10 is moved in a certain direction by receiving a strong water flow, the block 10 is caught by two adjacent blocks 10, so that the block 10 is hardly moved.

Furthermore, it is also possible to form a space that becomes a fishway so as to provide a place where small animals such as fish lay eggs and breed. In addition, it is also possible to provide vertical and horizontal water channels to activate the flow of water, and to promote water purification by contact oxidation between gravel in the water-permeable layers 16 and 18 described above.

That is, the water-permeable layers 16 and 18 provided below the vegetation medium 20 also include a space suitable for small animals such as fish to breed, but a space suitable for a slightly larger small animal is also actively provided. It is intended to be provided in a specific manner. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, a tunnel-shaped fishway 34 is provided on the lower surface of the frame 12, or as shown in FIG. 16, between blocks, or as shown in FIG. A fishway 34 can be provided in the block.

Next, since the rhizome of the waterside plant 42 breaks through the bag of the sandbag 14 and grows to the outside soil, the bag of the sandbag 14 may remain semi-permanently without decay.
It is preferable that the bag of the sandbag 14 be configured so that it gradually decomposes and decomposes to become part of the soil after the time when the waterside plants 42 grow sufficiently and are not washed away by the water current. That is, the rhizome portion of the waterside plant 42 housed and constructed in the sandbag 14 eventually breaks through the sandbag 14, penetrates the water-permeable layer, and grows to reach the ground under the block. Since the rhizome of the waterside plant 42 goes out of the sandbag 14 through the gaps between the fibers constituting the bag and grows while expanding the gap, the bag of the sandbag 14 always has its shape. If stopped, the rhizomes may be pinched by the fiber and growth may be inhibited. In addition, sandbag 1
If the bag or part of the bag stops flowing and leaks for some reason, it may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is preferable to use a material that degrades the bag body at an appropriate speed and loses its shape in accordance with the growth of the waterside plant 42.

In order to deteriorate the bag, it is preferable to deteriorate fibers constituting the bag. That is, this object can be achieved by using at least either the biodegradable fiber or the photodegradable fiber. Examples of the biodegradable fiber include hemp, jute, coconut fiber, natural fiber such as cotton, polyester biodegradable fiber, synthetic fiber mixed with starch, and the like, and photodegradable fiber. Polypropylene fibers such as polypropylene and various synthetic fibers to which a photodegradation accelerator has been added can be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The present invention relates to the shape of the frame, the structure of the water-permeable layer, the type of riparian plant, the form of the sandbag, the structure of the soil, and the like, and variously based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist thereof. The present invention can be implemented in an improved, modified, or modified manner.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

Example 1 A concrete frame 12 similar to that shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured. 100cm in width, 100cm in depth, 80c in height
m, and openings 24 of 60 cm × 60 cm are provided on the upper and lower sides and 40 cm × 60 cm are provided on the four side surfaces. The main frame 12 was laid on the slope 36 and the riverbed 38 so as to cross the river as shown in FIGS. The opening 24 of the frame 12 is arranged to face the opening 24 of the adjacent frame 12. The width of the constructed riverbed is 5
m, and the width of the slope was 8 m.

Next, the rubble stones, gravels and sandbags 14 were put into the frame 12 so as to obtain the state shown in FIG. That is, a chestnut stone having a diameter of 100 to 120 mm and a thickness of 50 cm
To form a water-permeable layer 18, and then gravels having a diameter of about 3 cm were charged to form a water-permeable layer 16 having a thickness of 10 cm. Furthermore, sandbags 14 each having a size of 30 cm × 60 cm and a height of 10 cm were arranged on the water-permeable layer 16, two per frame, to form a vegetation medium 20. The sandbag 14 is a bag 18 made of polypropylene hessian cloth filled with soil collected from the construction site, and contains a reed rhizome. The sandbag 14 has a diameter of 10 cm.
The surface layer 22 was formed by arranging the chestnuts in a single layer.

Further, a wire diameter of 4 mm is further formed thereon,
A wire mesh having a mesh interval of 10 cm was put thereon, and was tied using a wire to a hook-shaped stopper previously provided on the upper surface of the frame 12.

Embodiment 2 When a frame 12 provided with a spacer portion 30 as shown in FIG.
It was able to be laid according to the range of 12 cm. Since the spacer portion 30 is provided only at the height of the upper half of the frame body 12, the gap between the blocks 10 formed thereunder forms a lattice-like waterway, and the river water is A state of flowing two-dimensionally vertically and horizontally was observed.

Example 3 A revetment was carried out by using an environmental protection block method using a square basket having a width of 1.2 m, a length of 4 m and a height of 64 cm. By applying to the slopes or riverbed of rivers, waterside plants will breed and the natural landscape will be restored, as in the case of using concrete frames. Was confirmed to have bred.

[0045]

According to the revetment work by the multi-natural type environmental protection block construction method of the present invention, the purpose of revetment can be achieved and, at the same time, the propagation of waterside plants becomes possible, so that the natural landscape is maintained and preserved. I can do it. In addition, the water quality of rivers and lakes can be improved by the water purification action of waterside plants and the water purification action of active microorganisms attached to the aquifer in the block. Furthermore, the improvement of water quality and the breeding place of waterside plants suitable for spawning of fish, etc., have the effect of breeding small animals such as fish. Furthermore, in this way, the water is cleaned, plants grow, and animals inhabit, so that the natural purifying action of nature has an effect of maintaining the natural environment forever. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a block according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a frame according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating an example of a method of laying a frame according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing an example of the environmental protection block method according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a growth state of a waterside plant according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing another example of a growth state of a waterside plant according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of the frame according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another example of the block according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a wave-dissipating block according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a frame to which the wave eliminating block is attached according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing an example of an environmental protection block construction method using a wave-dissipating block according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a frame for attaching a wave-dissipating block according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view schematically illustrating an example of a frame having a spacer portion according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a plan view schematically illustrating another example of the frame including the spacer portion according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a front view illustrating an example of a frame for providing a fishway below a block according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a front view illustrating an example of a frame for providing a fishway between blocks according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a front view illustrating an example of a frame for providing a fishway in a block according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: Block 12: Frame body 14: Sandbag 16, 18: Water layer 20: Vegetation medium 22: Surface layer 24: Opening 26: Wave-dissipating block 28: Mounting seat 30: Spacer part 32: Depression 34: Fish passage 36: Slope 38: Riverbed 40: Water surface 42: Waterside plant 44: Rhizome 46: Jakago

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A block used for revetment work of rivers and lakes, wherein the block is formed of a water-permeable frame, and a vegetation medium is housed in the frame, and the vegetation medium is at least An upper layer consisting of a sandbag in which a waterside plant is planted or in which a rhizome of the waterside plant is stored,
An environmental protection block comprising two layers, a lower layer comprising a water-permeable layer. 2. The environmental protection block according to claim 1, wherein a wave-dissipating block is provided on an upper surface of the environmental protection block. 3. The environmental protection block according to claim 1, wherein a spacer portion for determining an interval between adjacent environmental protection blocks is provided integrally.
Or the environmental conservation block according to claim 2. 4. A space for a fishway is provided in the block and / or below the block and / or between the blocks when the environmental protection block is laid. Claims 1 to 3
An environmental protection block according to any of the above. 5. The environmental protection block according to claim 1, wherein the sandbag is made of a fabric containing at least one of biodegradable fiber and photodegradable fiber.