JPH1026072A - Horizontal pelton water turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a horizontal shaft type Pelton water turbine simple in structure, constituted at a low cost, and capable of conducting flow control. SOLUTION: In a horizontal shaft Pelton water turbine having three nozzles, a needle device 10 is arranged only at one nozzle 4a and the needle device 10 for other nozzles 4b and 4c are eliminated. A water turbine is started by radially opening an inlet valve 2. By operating the needle device 10 during operation after full opening of the inlet valve 2, a three-jet type horizontal Pelton water turbine is capable of controlling a flow rate equivalent to that of one nozzle 4a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a horizontal axis Pelton turbine that can be used to simplify the flow control of a horizontal axis Pelton turbine.

[0002]

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional horizontal Pelton turbine. The Pelton turbine is an impact turbine suitable for a point of a high head, and has a feature that even if the flow rate largely changes and the head fluctuation is small, the efficiency is relatively small and the driving performance is good. The Pelton turbine is divided into a horizontal axis type and a vertical axis type according to the installation state of the turbine and the generator. As shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal axis Pelton turbine is
The inlet valve 2 composed of an on-off valve such as a butterfly valve, a biplane valve or a rotary valve connected to the inlet valve 2 is fully opened, and the pressure water introduced through the branch pipe 3 connected to the inlet valve 2 is supplied to the nozzle. A structure in which water is transmitted to a bucket 8 attached to an outer periphery of a runner 7 supported in a water axle 6 installed in a housing 5 as a high-speed jet water flow accelerated by 4 and then discharged to a discharge channel 9. Has become. A needle device 10 is attached to the nozzle 4, and the start and stop control of the water turbine, the speed control of the water turbine, and the flow rate control after the start are performed by inserting and removing the needle 11 by operating the needle device 10. As shown in FIG. 6, when the horizontal axis Pelton turbine has two or more nozzles 4, the branch pipe 3 is connected to the end of the hydraulic pipe 1, and each nozzle 4 is provided through the inlet curved pipe. .

[0003]

By the way, there is an example of a structure in which a vertical axis Pelton turbine has four to six nozzles in terms of structure, but in the case of a horizontal axis Pelton turbine, it is provided in the nozzle. The needle device is attached to the outside of the pipe at the end of the nozzle, and the configuration of providing two or more nozzles is not adopted because the installation of the branch pipe becomes difficult and the construction cost increases. The application range of the horizontal Pelton turbine was also limited. Also,
Since the needle device and the control device described above are precision devices, there is also a problem that a failure rate is high.

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a horizontal axis Pelton turbine which has a simple structure and is inexpensive and capable of controlling the flow rate.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a horizontal Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, in which only one nozzle is provided with a needle device, and the other nozzles are provided with needles. As a configuration in which the device is omitted, the inlet valve is gradually opened when the water turbine is started, and the inlet valve is fully opened after the water turbine is started. Thereby, the control of the flow rate after the start-up when the above-mentioned inlet valve is fully opened has simplified the structure capable of controlling the flow rate of one nozzle provided with the needle device with respect to the total flow rate. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be obtained.

Further, in the above configuration, an opening / closing valve is provided for the other nozzle not provided with the needle device, so that the flow rate can be controlled by the nozzle provided with the needle device and the nozzle provided with the opening / closing valve. Since the control can be performed, the total flow rate can be controlled.

Further, in a horizontal Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, an on-off valve is provided for all the flow rates even if a needle device is not provided and an on-off valve is provided on another nozzle except for one nozzle. The flow rate for the nozzle can be controlled.

Further, without providing a needle device for any of the plurality of nozzles, a high-pass pipe for discharging to a water discharge passage connected in parallel to the hydraulic pipe and an on-off valve connected in the middle of the bypass pipe are provided to provide a horizontal position. By configuring the shaft Pelton turbine, when the flow rate is adjusted after the inlet valve is fully opened and the turbine is started, the flow rate can be controlled by discharging the increased or decreased flow rate by opening and closing the bypass pipe on-off valve.

Further, without providing a needle device for any of the plurality of nozzles, a discharge pipe for discharging to a water discharge channel when the turbine is stopped, and an on-off valve connected in the middle of the discharge pipe are provided to provide a horizontal Pelton turbine. Even with this configuration, after the water turbine is started by fully opening the inlet valve, it is possible to control the flow rate by opening and closing the on-off valve of the discharge pipe to discharge the increased or decreased flow rate to the discharge pipe.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a partial vertical sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. 6 including the later-described embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 1 shows a three-projection horizontal shaft Pelton turbine provided with three nozzles. Two branch pipes 3 connected to an inlet valve 2 of a hydraulic pipe 1 are used to form three nozzles 4 (4).
a, 4b, 4c), the needle device 10 is provided only in one nozzle 4a. When the turbine is started, the inlet valve 2 is gradually opened to rectify the rectifiers 11a and 11b of the nozzles 4b and 4c without the needle device 10.
The runner 7 is started to rotate by the pressure water jetted from the above. After startup, the above-described opening operation of the inlet valve 2 is continued to be fully opened, and a generator (not shown) is installed when the rotation speed reaches the specified rotation speed.

When controlling the flow rate during operation of the water turbine, the opening degree of the needle 11 installed on the nozzle 4a is changed by operating the needle device 10. With this configuration, it is possible to control a flow rate that is １ ／ of the total flow rate. That is,
In the configuration in which the needle device 10 is provided only in one nozzle 4a according to this embodiment, the flow rate can be controlled by 1 / (the total number of nozzles). Therefore, the horizontal axis Pelton turbine according to this embodiment is suitable for a horizontal axis Pelton turbine having two or more nozzles with a small flow rate change.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment,
Only one nozzle 4c is provided with the needle device 10, and the other two nozzles 4a, 4b are both open / close valves 12,13.
Are connected to each other to show the configuration of a three-shot horizontal Pelton turbine. In this embodiment, when the turbine is started, first, the needle 11 of the needle device 10 and the on-off valves 12 and 13 of the other nozzles 4a and 4b are fully closed and connected to the hydraulic pipe 1. The fully opened inlet valve 2 is opened. After the branch pipes 3 and 3 are filled with water, the opening degree of the needle 11 is changed by operating the needle device 10 to control the flow rate until the water turbine is started and the generator is inserted. The on-off valves 12 and 13 may be the same on-off valves as the inlet valve 2 or a commonly used flow stop valve such as a gate valve.

In the case of the three-shot type horizontal Pelton turbine having the above-mentioned three constructions, the flow rate can be adjusted to 1/3 of the total flow rate by setting the needle valves 10 and 13 fully closed while the needle device 10 is closed. Is a one-shot operation performed by adjusting the opening of the needle 11. And, at the flow rate of 1/3 or more of the total flow rate,
When the on-off valve 12 of the nozzle 4b is fully opened, and the opening degree of the needle 11 of the needle device 10 changes, 1/3 of the total flow rate is obtained.
Adjust the flow rate by 2/3. When the flow rate is 2/3 or more of the total flow rate, the on-off valve 13 of the nozzle 4a is further fully opened to adjust the flow rate from the total flow rate to 2/3 of the total flow rate by operating the needle 11 by the needle device 10 described above. be able to. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to control the flow rate for the entire flow rate, and it is possible to cope with a horizontal axis Pelton turbine having an on-off valve and a large number of nozzles.

Third Embodiment FIG. 3 is a partial vertical sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the illustration of a rectifying device in a nozzle portion is omitted, including a diagram illustrating an embodiment described later. In this embodiment,
The flow rate is adjusted by providing an on-off valve for each nozzle. In the case of the three-shot type having three nozzles shown in FIG. 3, the on-off valves 12, 13 are provided only in the two nozzles 4a, 4b, respectively. Also in the horizontal axis Pelton turbine of this embodiment, when starting the turbine, the inlet valve 2 is gradually opened, and the runner 7 is started to rotate by the pressurized water from the nozzle 4c not provided with the on-off valves 12 and 13. Do it. After startup, the above-described opening operation of the inlet valve 2 is continued and fully opened, and when the specified rotation speed is reached, the generators provided therewith are inserted in parallel. , 4b provided on the opening and closing valve 1
Flow control is performed by opening and closing the valves 2 and 13.

In the case of the above-described three-nozzle configuration, the on-off valves 12 and 13 are fully closed for one-shot operation up to one third of the total flow rate. When the flow rate is 1/3 or more of the total flow rate and reaches 2/3, the on-off valve 12 is fully opened to perform the two-shot operation. Further, when the total flow rate is reached, the on-off valve 13 is further fully opened to perform the three-shot operation, whereby 1/100 of the total flow rate is achieved.
The flow rate can be adjusted every three.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, each of the nozzles 4a, 4
Both b and 4c have a structure in which no needle device is provided, and a bypass pipe 14 for discharging running water to the water discharge passage 8 in parallel with the hydraulic pipe 1.
Is provided to connect the on-off valve 15 in the middle of the bypass pipe 14. The above-mentioned on-off valve 1
5 can have the same structure as the on-off valve 12 or 13 of the second and third embodiments.

When the turbine is started, the inlet valve 2 is gradually opened and each nozzle is opened in the three-shot horizontal Pelton turbine shown in FIG. 4, as in the first and third embodiments. The rotation is performed by starting the runner 7 with the pressure water from 4a, 4b and 4c. Then, after the start, the opening operation of the inlet valve 2 is continued as it is, and when the rotation speed reaches the specified rotation speed, the power generators that are provided together are inserted. Thereafter, when the flow rate during operation of the water turbine increases or decreases, the on-off valve 15 provided in the bypass pipe 14 is fully closed and fully opened to discharge the increased flow to the water discharge passage 8. By installing a plurality of the bypass pipes 14 provided with the above-mentioned on-off valves 15 around the hydraulic pipe 1, controlling the opening and closing of each on-off valve 15 to control the flow rate of water discharged to the water discharge channel 8. Becomes possible.

This embodiment is a configuration suitable for a horizontal axis Pelton turbine power generation facility that must discharge a constant maintenance flow rate. That is, the water turbine is normally designed to allow a constant flow at the time of the maximum effective head. Accordingly, when the predetermined flow rate cannot be discharged because the flow rate decreases as the effective head becomes lower, the insufficient flow rate can be replenished by opening / closing control of the opening / closing valve 15 of the bypass pipe 14 described above. It is possible to secure a flow rate.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that
4 instead of providing a hydraulic pipe 1
Using the discharge pipe 16 for discharging the flowing water from the
The opening / closing valve connected to the discharge pipe 16 serves as an opening / closing control valve 17 whose opening can be adjusted. The opening and closing control of the opening / closing control valve 17 controls the flow rate to be discharged. Also in the horizontal axis Pelton turbine according to this embodiment, after the inlet valve 2 is opened and the turbine is started as described above, the inlet valve 2 is fully opened to operate, and when the flow rate increases or decreases, Opening / closing control valve 17 provided in the discharged discharge pipe 16
Is adjusted so as to discharge the increased flow to the water discharge passage 9. The opening / closing control valve 17 uses the above-described opening / closing valve or a flow control valve to which an opening degree control such as a flow stop valve, a needle valve, and a control valve is added. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine according to this embodiment is effective for a power generation facility in which a constant maintenance discharge volume must be secured as in the fourth embodiment.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a horizontal Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, only one of the nozzles is provided with a needle device, and the other nozzles are provided with no needle device or a butterfly device. By providing a valve, the flow control to the runner of the turbine after the inlet valve is fully opened is controlled by the flow rate of one nozzle provided with the above-described needle device, or when a butterfly valve is provided. Thus, it is possible to control the flow rates of the nozzles provided with the butterfly valve. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a horizontal axis Pelton turbine having a simple structure capable of controlling the flow rate having two or more nozzles with a reduced number of needle devices that are difficult to install, and a high reliability that can expand the applicable flow rate range. Thus, an economical horizontal Pelton turbine can be obtained.

Further, even if the on-off valve is provided on another nozzle except for one nozzle without providing the needle device, the structure capable of controlling the flow rate of the nozzle provided with the on-off valve with respect to the total flow rate is simple. A horizontal Pelton turbine with two or more shots can be obtained.

Further, a configuration in which a plurality of nozzles are not provided with a needle device, but a bypass pipe having an on-off valve for discharging water to a water discharge passage connected in parallel with the hydraulic pressure pipe, or a water discharge passage when the turbine is stopped is provided. Even in a configuration in which an opening / closing control valve capable of adjusting the opening degree is provided in the discharge pipe for discharging, the amount of flow increased or decreased by controlling the opening / closing of the open / close valve of the bypass pipe or the opening / closing of the discharge control valve of the discharge pipe is supplied to the discharge pipe. By discharging the water, it is possible to obtain a horizontal axis Pelton turbine that can control the flow rate with a simple structure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal Pelton turbine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional horizontal Pelton turbine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic pipe 2 Inlet valve 3 Branch pipe 4a nozzle 4b nozzle 4c nozzle 9 Water discharge channel 10 Needle device 11 Needle 12 On-off valve 13 On-off valve 14 Bypass pipe 15 On-off valve 16 Discharge pipe 17 On-off control valve

Claims (5)

[Claims] In a horizontal Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, a needle device is provided for only one nozzle to form a horizontal Pelton turbine, and an inlet valve is gradually opened to start the water turbine. Wherein the inlet valve is fully opened and the flow rate is controlled by operating the needle device. 2. A horizontal shaft Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, a needle device is provided for only one nozzle, and an opening / closing valve is provided for the other nozzles to constitute a horizontal shaft Pelton turbine, and an inlet valve is fully opened. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine is characterized in that the turbine is started by operating the needle device after the operation, and the flow rate is controlled by opening and closing the on-off valve and operating the needle device after the operation. 3. A horizontal-axis Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, except for one nozzle, the other nozzles are provided with a horizontal-axis Pelton-wheel having no needle device provided with an on-off valve, and an inlet valve is gradually provided. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine is characterized in that the turbine is opened to start the turbine, and after the startup, the inlet valve is fully opened to control the flow rate by opening and closing the on-off valve. 4. A horizontal axis Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, a needle device provided with a bypass pipe discharged to a water discharge passage connected in parallel to a hydraulic pipe, and an on-off valve connected in the middle of the bypass pipe. A horizontal axis Pelton turbine having no is provided, the inlet valve is gradually opened to start the turbine, and after the start, the inlet valve is fully opened and the flow rate is controlled by opening and closing the on-off valve of the bypass pipe. And the horizontal axis Pelton turbine. 5. A horizontal Pelton turbine having a plurality of nozzles, wherein a horizontal shaft without a needle device provided with a discharge pipe for discharging to a water discharge channel when the turbine is stopped, and an open / close control valve connected in the middle of the discharge pipe. Constructing an axial Pelton turbine, gradually opening the inlet valve to start the turbine, and after starting, controlling the flow rate by fully opening the inlet valve and adjusting the opening of the open / close control valve of the discharge pipe. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine characterized by.