JPH08218999A - Constant flowrate horizontal shaft pelton turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a horizontal shaft Pelton turbine having an expanded applicable flowrate range by simplifying equipment and increasing the number of nozzles. CONSTITUTION: Regarding a horizontal shaft Pelton turbine, one to four nozzles 2 are provided, and an inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to blow a jet flow from the nozzles 2 for starting a turbine. After the start of the turbine, the valve 5 is wide opened for a constant flowrate operation. As a result, a needle operation mechanism can be eliminated and a nozzle number can be increased, thereby enabling the applicable flowrate range of the Pelton turbine to be doubled as maximum, compared with the case of the conventional design.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a horizontal shaft Pelton turbine that operates at a constant flow rate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Pelton turbines are widely used because they have a high head and are suitable for locations where the flow rate is relatively small and they have good partial load performance. FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine. The horizontal shaft Pelton turbine has a nozzle 2 that adjusts the flow rate by moving a needle 1 in and out, a water turbine shaft 3 that supports a runner 6 composed of a plurality of buckets, a needle operating mechanism 4 that operates the needle 1, and an inlet valve 5. , A branch pipe 7. The flow rate of the water branched from the inlet pipe 5 into the branch pipe 7 is adjusted by the needle operating mechanism 4 and is jetted toward the bucket of the runner 6.
In the conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine, up to two nozzles 2 are attached, and in order to avoid interference between the water discharged from the nozzle 2 and the water bounced by the runner 6, the water discharged from the nozzle 2 is It is arranged so as to collide with the runner 6 on the lower side.

[0003]

In the case of a Pelton turbine used at a constant flow point, a needle operating mechanism 4 for controlling the flow rate.
Is not necessary. However, since the amount of water is adjusted when the turbine is started, the needle control mechanism 4 has been conventionally used even at a constant flow rate point.
Was attached. At that time, the needle operating mechanism 4 is attached to the outside of the pipe at the end of the needle 1. Therefore, it is impossible to increase the number of nozzles to two or more because the pipe branching is difficult and the construction cost is increased. Vertical shaft Pelton turbines have an example of 4 to 6 nozzles, and the applicable flow range was large, but in the case of horizontal shaft Pelton turbines, the maximum number of nozzles was 2 conventional horizontal shaft Pelton turbines. The applicable range of the flow rate was about 1/3 of that of the vertical Pelton turbine.

The present invention simplifies the equipment and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a horizontal axis Pelton turbine having an expanded applicable flow range by increasing the number of nozzles.

[0005]

In a horizontal axis Pelton turbine used at a constant flow rate point, one to four nozzles are provided, the inlet valve is gradually opened, and a jet is jetted from the nozzles to activate the turbine. After that, the above-mentioned object is achieved by fully opening the inlet valve and performing constant flow rate operation.

If three nozzles are provided, the applicable flow range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded.

Further, a plurality of nozzles, two on the left and right of the runner, are provided in total, and a plurality of side surfaces of the housing facing the runner are opposed to the surface of the runner on the turbine shaft side so as to gently extend to the upper side. If it is composed of a surface and a surface facing the surface of the runner on the side opposite to the water shaft with a predetermined distance from the surface of the runner, the applicable flow range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded.

[0008]

In the present invention, the inlet valve is gradually opened to inject the jet from the nozzle to start the horizontal shaft Pelton turbine, and after the start, the inlet valve is fully opened for constant flow rate operation. Is unnecessary, and the structure of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be simplified. As a result, the constant flow horizontal axis single injection Pelton turbine with one nozzle, the constant flow horizontal axis two injection with two nozzles, and the constant flow horizontal axis three injection with three nozzles using a branch pipe. Can construct a Pelton turbine. Furthermore, a plurality of nozzles, two on each side of the runner, are provided, and the side surface of the housing facing the runner is connected to the runner surface on the water turbine shaft side so that the side surface is gently connected to the upper side. With a surface facing the runner surface on the opposite side of the water axle from the surface of the water wheel, the water reflected from the bucket to the water wheel axis does not collect at the top of the shaft and Even if the water reflected to the opposite side of the water wheel hits the wall and bounces back, it does not interfere with the subsequent jets, so that the nozzle can be arranged above the water wheel shaft to form a constant flow lateral four-axis Pelton turbine.

[0009]

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a constant flow rate horizontal-axis double-injection Pelton turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the same parts as those in FIG. In the example of FIG. 1, the inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to inject jets from the upper and lower two nozzles 2 branched by the branch pipe 7, the runner 6 is rotated to start the water turbine, and after the start, the inlet valve 5 Fully open to operate at a constant flow rate. Since the nozzle 2 has no conventional needle operating mechanism, the structure of the device is simplified. Reference numeral 8 is a rectifying device.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a constant flow rate horizontal axis three-injection Pelton turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the example of FIG. 2, two branch pipes 7 are used, the number of nozzles 2 is three, and the nozzles 2 are attached to the upper, horizontal, and diagonally lower sides. The nozzle-to-nozzle angle 12 is set to 60 degrees or more so that the water ejected from the nozzle in front of the rotation direction does not interfere with the water ejected from the adjacent nozzle. The inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to inject a jet from the three nozzles 2 branched by the branch pipe 7 to rotate the runner 6 to start the water turbine. After the start, the inlet valve 5 is fully opened to perform a constant flow rate operation. . Since the number of nozzles 2 is 3, the applicable flow range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded 1.5 times compared with the conventional one. Since there is no needle operating mechanism, the nozzle 2 can be arranged on the upper portion of the water wheel shaft 3 as shown in FIG. 2, and the structure of the device can be simplified.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 3 (A) is a vertical sectional view of a constant flow rate four injection Pelton turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 (B) is a view in the direction B of FIG. In the example of FIG. 3, the penstock 9 is branched into left and right by a branch pipe 7, and further branched into upper and lower parts by the branch pipe 7 so that four nozzles 2 are provided. The inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to inject jets from the four nozzles 2 branched by the branch pipe 7, the runner 6 is rotated to start the water turbine, and after the start, the inlet valve 5 is fully opened to perform constant flow rate operation. To do. By using four nozzles 2 each from the left and right of the runner, the flow rate applicable range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded to twice the conventional range. Since there is no needle operating mechanism, the device configuration can be simplified. A generator 10 is connected to the water wheel shaft 3.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3 (A). The side surface of the housing 11 facing the runner 6 is a plurality of surfaces facing the surface of the runner 6 on the turbine shaft side so as to be gently connected to the upper side, and the side opposite to the turbine shaft with a predetermined distance from the surface of the runner 6. And a surface facing the surface of the runner 6. Reference numeral 13 indicates a mainstream flow. The water reflected from the bucket toward the turbine axle flows through the ceiling and flows to the other side without accumulating at the top of the axle. Since the distance 14 from the surface of the runner on the opposite side of the water wheel shaft 3 to the wall is a predetermined size, the water reflected to the other side of the water wheel shaft 3 does not bounce on the wall and interfere with the subsequent jets. Since the housing 11 is configured in this way, the nozzle 2 can be arranged also on the water wheel axle 3 as shown in FIG.

[0013]

According to the present invention, the inlet valve is gradually opened to inject the jet from the nozzle to start the horizontal shaft Pelton turbine, and after the start, the inlet valve is fully opened for constant flow rate operation. Also, the needle operation mechanism is not required, and the device can be simplified. As a result, in addition to the horizontal axis Pelton turbine having one or two nozzles, a horizontal axis Pelton turbine having three nozzles can be formed, and the flow range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded. A total of four nozzles, two on each side of the runner, are arranged to form a horizontal four-axis Pelton turbine, and the side surface of the housing facing the runner is gently connected to the upper side of the runner on the turbine axis side. If it is composed of a plurality of surfaces facing the surface and a surface facing the surface of the runner on the side opposite to the water wheel shaft with a predetermined distance from the surface of the runner, the water discharged from the bucket will be collected on the upper part of the water wheel shaft. In addition, since the water hitting the wall does not interfere with the jet, the turbine efficiency of the horizontal four-axis Pelton turbine is improved. As a result, the applicable flow range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded to twice the conventional range.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a constant-flow horizontal-axis double-injection Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a constant flow rate horizontal axis triple-injection Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a vertical cross-sectional view of a constant flow rate horizontal axis four-injection Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a view in the direction B of FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Needle 2 Nozzle 3 Water Wheel 4 Needle Operating Mechanism 5 Inlet Valve 6 Runner 7 Branch Pipe 9 Hydraulic Iron Pipe 10 Generator 11 Housing

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Naofumi Tsukamoto 1-1 Tanabe Nitta, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A horizontal axis Pelton turbine used for a constant flow point, comprising one to four nozzles, gradually opening an inlet valve and injecting a jet from the nozzles to start the turbine.
After starting, the constant flow horizontal axis Pelton turbine is characterized in that the inlet valve is fully opened to perform constant flow operation. 2. The constant flow rate horizontal axis Pelton turbine according to claim 1, wherein the constant flow rate horizontal axis Pelton turbine is provided with three nozzles. 3. The constant flow rate horizontal axis Pelton turbine according to claim 1, wherein two nozzles are provided on each of the left and right sides of the runner and a total of four nozzles are provided, and the side surface of the housing facing the runner is connected to the upper part gently. The constant flow rate is characterized by comprising a plurality of surfaces facing the surface of the runner on the turbine shaft side and a surface facing the surface of the runner on the side opposite to the turbine shaft with a predetermined distance from the surface of the runner. Horizontal axis Pelton turbine.