JP3638652B2 - Constant flow horizontal axis Pelton turbine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a horizontal axis Pelton turbine that performs constant flow operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Pelton turbines are often used because they are suitable for locations with high heads and relatively low flow rates, and good partial load performance.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine. The horizontal axis Pelton turbine is composed of a nozzle 2 for adjusting the flow rate by inserting and removing the needle 1, a water wheel shaft 3 for supporting a runner 6 comprising a plurality of buckets, a needle operating mechanism 4 for operating the needle 1, and an inlet valve 5. The branch pipe 7 is used. The water that enters the branch pipe 7 from the inlet valve 5 and branches here is adjusted in flow rate by the needle operating mechanism 4 and is jetted toward the bucket of the runner 6 as a jet.
In a conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine, a maximum of two nozzles 2 are attached. In order to avoid interference between the water discharged from the nozzle 2 and the water bounced off by the runner 6, It arrange | positions so that it may collide with the runner 6 below.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of a Pelton turbine used at a constant flow point, the needle operation mechanism 4 for controlling the flow rate is not necessary. However, in order to adjust the amount of water at the time of starting the water wheel, the needle control mechanism 4 has been conventionally attached even at a constant flow point. A needle operating mechanism 4 is attached outside the pipe at the end of the needle 1. Therefore, it is impossible to increase the number of nozzles to two or more because the difficulty of branching pipes and the construction cost increase.
Vertical axis Pelton turbines have examples of 4 to 6 nozzles, and the applicable flow rate range was large, but in the case of horizontal axis Pelton turbines, the conventional limit was two nozzles. The range of flow rate was about 1/3 of the vertical axis Pelton turbine.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal axis Pelton turbine in which the apparatus is simplified and the applicable flow rate range is expanded by increasing the number of nozzles.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a constant flow horizontal axis Pelton turbine having a nozzle in a pipe branched from an inlet valve by a branch pipe, and jetting from the nozzle to rotate a runner . the fixed type rectifier in place of the movable needle provided, at startup and is to adjust the flow rate by the inlet valve.
[0006]
[Action]
In this invention, instead of the needle, a fixed rectifier is provided in the nozzle, the inlet valve is gradually opened to start the horizontal axis Pelton turbine, and after startup, the inlet valve is fully opened to operate at a constant flow rate. This eliminates the need for a needle operating mechanism and simplifies the structure of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine. As a result, constant flow horizontal axis single shot Pelton turbine with one nozzle, constant flow horizontal axis dual shot Pelton turbine with two nozzles, and constant flow rate with three nozzles using branch pipes. A horizontal triple-pelton water turbine can also be constructed.
[0007]
【Example】
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow horizontal axis two-shot Pelton turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the needle 1 and the needle operation mechanism 4 in the prior art (FIG. 5) are omitted, and a fixed rectifier 8 is provided in the nozzle 2 instead. At startup , the inlet valve 5 is gradually opened, jets are injected from the upper and lower nozzles 2 branched by the branch pipe 7, the water turbine is started, and after startup, the inlet valve 5 is fully opened to operate at a constant flow rate. To do. Since the nozzle 2 does not have a conventional needle operation mechanism, the configuration of the device is simplified.
[0008]
Example 2
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow horizontal axis three-fire Pelton turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the example of FIG. 2, two branch pipes 7 are used, the number of nozzles 2 is three, and the nozzles 2 are mounted on the top, side, and diagonally below. The inter-nozzle angle 12 is set to 60 degrees or more so that the water discharged from the nozzle in front of the rotation direction does not interfere with the water sprayed from the adjacent nozzle. The inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to start the water turbine, and after startup, the inlet valve 5 is fully opened to operate at a constant flow rate. Since there is no needle operation mechanism, the nozzle 2 can be arranged also on the upper part of the water turbine shaft 3 as shown in FIG. 2, and the flow rate range applicable to the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be increased by using three nozzles 2 compared to the conventional one. Can be magnified 1.5 times.
[0009]
Example 3
FIG. 3 (A) is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow rate four-emission Pelton turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 (B) is a view in the B direction of FIG. In the example of FIG. 3, the hydraulic iron pipe 9 is branched left and right by the branch pipe 7, and further branched vertically by the branch pipe 7 so that four nozzles 2 are provided. The inlet valve 5 is gradually opened to start the water turbine, and after startup, the inlet valve 5 is fully opened to operate at a constant flow rate. By using a total of four nozzles 2 from the left and right of the runner, the flow rate application range of the horizontal axis Pelton turbine can be expanded to twice that of the prior art. Since there is no needle operation mechanism, the configuration of the device can be simplified. Reference numeral 10 denotes a generator coupled to the water wheel shaft 3.
[0010]
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. In the case of four shots, the water coming out of the nozzle 2 collides with the runner 6 on the upper side of the water wheel shaft 3, and the scattered water interferes with other jets. In order to avoid this, the water 13 from the runner 6 flows along the housing 11 so that it does not interfere with the subsequent jets.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the needle and the needle operation mechanism are not required, the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified, and the flow rate range can be easily expanded by setting the number of nozzles to three or more in the horizontal axis Pelton turbine. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow horizontal axis two-shot Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow horizontal axis three-fire Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a longitudinal sectional view of a constant flow horizontal axis four-shot Pelton turbine showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a view in the direction of arrow B in FIG.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional horizontal axis Pelton turbine.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Needle 2 Nozzle 3 Water axle 4 Needle operation mechanism 5 Inlet valve 6 Runner 7 Branch pipe 9 Hydraulic iron pipe 10 Generator 11 Housing

Claims (1)

In a constant flow horizontal axis Pelton turbine that has a nozzle in a pipe branched from an inlet valve by a branch pipe, and jets are jetted from this nozzle to rotate a runner .
The fixed type rectifier in place of the movable needle arranged in the nozzle, at the time of starting a constant flow horizontal axis Pelton, characterized in that to adjust the flow rate by the inlet valve.

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