US1792761A - Hydraulic turbine - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 17, 1931. J, J, m 1,792,761

HYDRAULI G TURB INE Filed April 21, 1930 Patented Feb. 17, 1931 l,792,76l i (a STATES PATENT OFFICE J'QSEPH J'. RING, OF WAUWATOSA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-CI'IALMERS MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATIGN OF DELA- WARE HYDRAULIC TURBINE ppli atib fi ed April. 2

This invention relates in general to improvements in the construction of hydraulic machines, and relates more specifically to improvements in spray deflectors for impulse water wheels or the like.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved spray deflector for impulse water wheels or the like, which will effectively.

granted December 17 1929. These and other objects of the invention will appearfrom the following description.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention and of the mode of constructing and of operating devices built in accordance therewith, may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through the housing and'spray deflecting apparatus of a typical impulse water wheel installation, showing one form of the im proved energy absorbing and spray deflecting devices.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the housing and deflector of another typical impulse water wheel installation, showing a modified form of spray deflecting device. V

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional View through the impulse water wheel and housing of Fig. 2, the section being taken along the radial line IIIIII illustrated in Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

The typical impulse Water wheel illustrated in Fig. 1, comprises in general a rotor 2 1930. Serial No. 445,938.

ing in close proximity to the buckets 4 and having a rear inclined wall directed downwardly away fromthe wheel and frornthe nozzle 5. The housing 9 is supported upon a foundation 13 having an inclined wall or surface which is substantially alined with the rear inclined wall of the housing 9. Located beneath the housing 9 is a lateral deflector 7 which is provided with a top opening' 8 through which the successive buckets 4 are adapted to travel upon entering and leaving the sphere of action of the jet delivered from the nozzle 5. The lateral, deflector 7 is lat-' erally downwardly curved in accordance with the disclosure in the United States patent hereinbefore referred to, and extends along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of the rotor 2 between the rotor and jet axes.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, a lower shield 10 1s attached directly to the lateral deflector 7 and extends upwardly and rearwardly away from the sphere of action of the jet delivered from the nozzle 5. A tangential deflector 11 is located above and is spaced from the shield 10, this deflector being formed to direct fluid delivered thereagainst tangentially from the buckets 4, downwardly in the direction of the inclined rear wall or surface of the housing 9 and foundation 13. A second tangentialldefiector 12 is located above and is spaced from the deflector 11, this latter deflector being attached directly to the rear inclined wall of the housing 9, and likewise being adapted to direct water leaving the buckets 4, tangentially away from the rotor and downwardly along the inclined rear wall of the housing and foundation. A space 14: separates the rear end of the plate forming the lateral deflector 7. from the rear inclined Wall or surface of the foundation 13, and the tangential deflectors 11, 12 are adapted to discharge the fluid delivered against the same, downwardly through the space 14. An energy absorber 15 comprising a plate with ribs thereon is located on the nozzle side of the space 14, some distance in front of the inclined surface of the foundation 13 and i111 line with the jet delivered from the nozz e 5.

In the embodiment of the invention illus trated in Fig. 2, the energy absorber has been omitted and the lateral deflector 7 is spaced from the inclined rear wall of the housing 9 and foundation 13, a considerable distance. A. lower shield is secured directly to the deflector 7 as in Fig. 1, and a tangential deflector 12 is likewise attached directly to the housing 9 as in Fig. 1. Between the shield 10 and deflector 12, are located several tangential deflectors 16, 17 the forward edges 19 of which extend tangentially in close proximity to the path of travel of the buckets 4 and follow the contour of this path, as illustrated in Fig. 3. This construction insures better and more complete discharge of fluid from the buckets 4 against the deflectors 16,

17, 12, and subsequent discharge of this fluid downwardly in the direction of the inclined end walls.

During normal operation of th impulse wheel, the needle 6 may be adjusted to deliver a jet of fluid of any desired intensity, against the successive buckets a of the rotor 2 as they approach the sphere of action of the jet. As the jet impinges against the buckets, it causes the wheel to rotate, the kinetic energy of the jet being transformed into rotary motion of the wheel. As the energy of the jet is spent, the water is eventually dischargedfrom the wheel, most of the water being delivered from the buckets laterally thereof and against the lower deflector 7 from whence the fluid drains into the pit below the wheel. Due to the rapid rotation of the rotor 2, a small percentage of the water is carried through the opening 8 and above the lateral deflector 7. This water is quickly discharged by centrifugal force and strikes the tangential deflectors which serve to reverse the flow and to discharge the water downwardly through the opening between the rear end of the lower deflector 7 and the inclined rear walls of the housing 9 and foundation When an energy absorber is utilized, such portion of the jet which may travel beyond the sphere of action thereof with respect to the wheel, has its residual energy absorbed by the absorber 15 from which the water drops bygravity to the discharge pit. The tangential deflectors iocated above the lateral deflector 7 should preferably extend around the periphery of the wheel as far as possible so as to prevent any water from entering the housing 9 above the highest deflector 12. thus eliminating possible interference with the rotation of the wheel through the upper and forward portion of the housing 9. The tangential deflectors should also be gradually curved and formed to permit unobstructed delivery of the fluid therefrom.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the tangential deflectors cooperating with the lateral deflector 7 insure discharge of practically all of the water from the buckets at before these buckets enter the upper and forward portion of the housing 9, and it has been found that these deflectors serve to increase the efficiency of a wheel of this type to a considerable extent. vision of the lateral deflector 7 alone has caused quite an increase in eiflciency, and the additional provision of the tangential deflectors 11, 12, 16, 17 has been instrumental in further increasing the efliciency of this type of wheel to a marked degree. The shields 10 prevent water from flowing from above the deflectors 7 through the openings 8, and the tangential deflectors should be so supported as to permit free delivery of water on opposite sides and from the discharge edges thereof.

In some cases, the nozzle may be so positioned that the jet delivered therefrom is directed toward the drainage pit. In these cases, the inclined or sloping rear wall may be omitted, and the tangential deflector will then deliver the water delivered thereagainst by the buckets 4, directly toward the drainage pit.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact details of construction and operation herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor, a wall sloping away from said rotor and extending across the ct axis beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to the rotor, said wall being separated from said deflector by a space, and a tangential deflector extending in close proximity to said rotor beyond the sphere of action of the jet for directing fluid from the rotor periphery through said space.

2. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid imping- The pro- LII ing thereagainst away from said rotor, a wall sloping away from said rotor and extending across the jet axis beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to the rotor, said wall being separated from said deflector by a space, and a tangential deflector extending in close proximity to said rotor beyond the sphere of action of thejet for directing fluid from the rotor periphery through said space, said tangential deflector being spaced from both said lateral deflector and said wall to permit free delivery of fluid from the discharge edge thereof.

3. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and et axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor, a wall sloping away from said rotor and extending across the jet axis beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to the rotor, said wall being separated from said deflector by a space, and a series ofindependent tangential deflectors extending in close proximity to said rotor beyond the sphere of action of the jet for directing fluid from the rotor periphery through said space.

4. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor, an inclined wall extending across the jet axis beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to the rotor, said wall being separated from said deflector by a space, and a series of independent tangential deflectors extending in close proximity 'to said rotor beyond the sphere of action of the jet for directing fluid from the rotor periphery through said space, said tangential deflectors being spaced from each other and from both said lateral deflector and said wall to permit free delivery of fluid from the discharge edges thereof.

5. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst laterally away from said rotor, a wall sloping away from said r0- tor and extending across the jet axis beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to the rotor, said wall being separated from said deflector by a space, a deflector extending in close proximity to said rotor and tangential thereto in a forward direction with reference to the rotation thereof and located beyond the sphere of action of the jet for directing fluid from the rotor periphery through said space, and an energy absorber disposed on the nozzle side of said space in line with the et.

-6. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along said jet between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector having a space at the end thereof remote from said nozzle, and a deflector adjacent the periphery of said rotor and tangential thereto in a forward direction with reference to the rotation thereof and located on the side of said lateral deflector opposite to the jet side thereof, said tangential deflector being formed to permit free delivery of fluid from the discharge edge thereof through said space.

7 In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid tangentially against said rotor, and a curved deflector having a fluid receiving portion disposed substantially tangential to said rotor in a forward direction with reference to the rotation thereof and beyond the sphere of action of said jet and having a discharge portion extending downwardly for free delivery of fluid therefrom in the direction of said discharge portion.

8. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a lateral deflector extending along said jet below the rotor axis and above the jet axis, said deflector being formed to deliver the major portion of the spent jetaway from said rotor, and a tangential deflector disposed in close proximity to the periphery of said rotor above said lateral deflector, said tangential deflector being formed to deliver substantially all of the remaining portion of the spent jet away from said rotor and to freely discharge said remaining portion in a downward direction remote from said rotor.

9. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, and a curved deflector having a fluid receiving portion disposed substantially tangent to said rotor in a forward direction with: reference to the rotation thereof and being formed to gradually change the direction of flow of the fluid therealong to effect free discharge thereof downwardly."

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is aifixed hereto.

JOSEPH J. RING.

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