US1740036A

US1740036A - Hydraulic turbine

Info

Publication number: US1740036A
Application number: US258569A
Authority: US
Inventors: William J Rheingans
Original assignee: Allis Chalmers Corp
Current assignee: Allis Chalmers Corp
Priority date: 1928-03-02
Filing date: 1928-03-02
Publication date: 1929-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 1946-12-17

Description

Dec. 17, 1929. w. J. RHEINGANS HYDRAULIC TURBINE 7 Filed March 2. 1928 Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM J'. RHEINGANS, OF WEST ALLIS, VJISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR T ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, W ISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE Application filed March 2,

The present invention relates generally to improvements in the construction of hydraulic machines, and relates more specifically to improvements in housings and fluid deflectors for impulse water Wheels or the like.

An object of the invention is to provide improved housing structure for impulse water Wheels or the like. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved deflector for preventing undesirable interference with the operation of a wheel propelled by means of a jet of'fluid delivered thereagainst, by the water leaving the wheel after the energy of the jet has been spent. A further object of the invention is to provide simple and efficient means for enabling operation of jet propelled impulse turbines at maximum efficiency. Still another object of the invention is to provide means for preventing undesirable retardation of the rotation of a bucket wheel, by air friction or windage. A further object of the invention is to provide effective means for eliminating interference with the rotation of a hydraulic turbine, by the water delivered from the wheel after expending its energy thereon. Another object of the invention is to provide an extremely compact housing structure for impulse water wheels or the like whereby the space occupied by such machines is reduced to a minimum. These and other objects of the invention will appear from the following description.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention and of the manner of constructing and of operating devices incorporating the 'improvemenumay be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is v a transverse vertical section through an impulse wheel housing and jet deflector, showing the rotor and jet producing nozzle of the unit in elevation.

Fig. 2 is av longitudinal vertical section through the housing and deflector, and through the impulse wheel or rotor.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the improved housing and deflector.

5 0 The type of impulse Wheel to which the.

HYDRAULIC TURBINE 1928. Serial No. 258,569.

present invention is especially applicable comprises in general a rotor consisting of a disk 2 having a series of buckets 4 secured to the periphery thereof, and a nozzle 9 having a movable needle 10 for delivering a jet 11 of water of any desired intensity, against the successive buckets A tangentially of the rotor. The disk 2 is mounted upon a main shaft 3 which may be connected to an energy absorber such as an electric generator, and which is supported in suitable bearings, not shown.

The major portion of the rotor is enclosed in a close fitting housing 5 which preferably permits only suflicient clearance to avoid striking of the buckets against the interior of the housing. The lower portion of the main housing 5 is closed by means of a deflector consisting of downwardly directed or curved plates 6 which extend in close proximity to opposite sides of the rotor and which also extend longitudinally of the jet 11 delivered from the nozzle 9. The jet deflector is provided with an opening through which the successive buckets 4: of the rotor may pass with minimum clearance, the opening being formed with a medial constriction 7 in order to reduce the clearance as much as possible. An inclined wall 12 which is associated with the end of the deflector plates 6 and with the housing 5, crosses the axis of the jet, the deflector being provided with an opening 13 adjoining the wall 12 in order to permit drainage of any water which might have reached the interior of the housing 5 into the discharge chamber 8. The deflector walls 6 may be directed downwardly away from the housing 5 and toward the discharge chamber 8 and are capable of discharging the water which impinges against the walls 6 of the deflector in a downward direction. The end wall 12 is capable of likewise deflecting the portions of the jet 11 which may travel beyond the periphery of the rotor, downwardly into the chamber 8.

During normal operation of the impulse wheei, the needle 10 may be adjusted to deliver a et 11 of desired intensity against the successive buckets 4 of the rotor. As the jet strikes these buckets it causes thewheel to rotate, the kinetic energy of the jet being transformed into rotary motion of the wheel,

and the water originally constituting the jet being eventually discharged by gravity into the discharge chamber 8. Most of the water after strikino the buckets 4 is discharged laterally therefrom. This water strikes the curved side walls 6 of the deflector and is immediately directed downwardly into the di charge chamber 8 without interfering 'ith the rotation of the rotor. By virtue of the fact that the deflector closely approaches the disk 2 and the buckets 4:, the greater portion of the et water after delivering its energy to the wheel, is prevented from entering the housing 5 and thereby obstructing the free rotation of the rotor. Small quantities of water which may enter the housing 5 are immediately discharged from the buckets 4. and are delivered through the opening 13 to the discharge chamber 8. Any portions of the jet 11 which may pass beyond the sphere of action thereof with respect to the buckets 4, will strike the inclined end wall 12 and will likewise be deflected into the discharge chamber 8 without interfering with the rotation of the wheel. The close fitting housing 5 furthermore eliminates resistance to the rotation of the wheel due to windage resulting from the entrance of large volumes of air and the consequent flow of this air around the buckets.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the housing and deflector eliminate substantially all possible retardation to the motion of the rotor, thereby permitting operation thereof at maximum efficiency. The-close fitting housing 5 serves to eliminate windage, and the side plates 6 of the deflector besides quickly dispensing the water discharged from the buckets, also prevent water from entering the housing 5 and thereby retarding the rotation due to churning action. The end wall 12 cooperates with the deflector to discharge the spent jet, thereby producing a combination of elements for insuring attainment of maximum efliciency by eliminat ing undesirable interference with the rotary motion of the wheel.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact details of construction herein shown and described for various modifications within the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent 1. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, and a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to a side of said rotor between the rotor axis and the jet axis, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor.

2. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jetof fluid tangentially against said rotor, and a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor axis and the jet axis, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor.

3. In combination, a rotor having buckets associated with the periphery thereof, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said buckets tangentially of said rotor, and a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between said buckets and the rotor axis, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid discharged thereagainst away from said rotor.

4. in combination, a rotor, a housing closely confining the major portion of said rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor outside of said housing, and a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to t 1e opposite sides of said rotor, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said housing.

5. In combination, rotor having a series of buckets associated with the periphery thereof, a housing closely confining the major portion of said rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said buckets outside of said housing, and deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between said buckets and the rotor axis, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid discharged thereagainst away from said housing 6. In combination, a rotor, a housing closely confining the major portion of said rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid tangentially against said rotor outside of said housing,

a deflector extending along the jet substan- .tially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor at an end of said housing, said deflector being curved to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said housing, and a fluid deflecting wall co-acting with the end of said deflector and extending across the axis of said jet beyond the sphere of action thereof with respect to said rotor.

'Z. In combination, a rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being formed to deliver fluid impinging thereagainst away from said rotor, and an inclined wall co-acting with the end of said deflector and extending across the axis of the jet beyond the sphere of action of the jet relative to said'rotor.

8. In combination, a rotor having a series of buckets associated with the periphery thereof, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said rotor, and a deflector extending along the jet substantially parallel to the axis thereof and in close proximity to the opposite sides of said rotor between the rotor and jet axes, said deflector being curved away from said rotor and having a medially constricted elongated opening for permitting I passage of the successive rotor buckets therethrough with a minimum amount of clear ance.

9. In combination, a rotor having a series of buckets associated with the periphery thereof, a housing closely confining the major portion of said rotor, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid tangentially against said rotor outside of said housing, and a deflector substantially sealing the end of said housing adjacent to the sphere of action of the jet, said deflector being curved away from said housing and being provided with an opening for permitting discharge of fluid from within said housing.

10. In combination, a rotor having a series of peripheral buckets, a housing confining the major portion of said rotor with minimum clearance adjacent to said buckets, a nozzle for directing a jet of fluid against said buckets outside of said housing, and a laterally curved longitudinally straight deflector substantially sealing said housing adjacent to said jet and extending substantially parallel to the jet axis.

In testimony whereof, the'signature of the inventor is aflixed hereto.

WILLIAM J. RHEINGANS.