JPS60249672A - Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof

Info

Publication number
JPS60249672A
JPS60249672A JP59105960A JP10596084A JPS60249672A JP S60249672 A JPS60249672 A JP S60249672A JP 59105960 A JP59105960 A JP 59105960A JP 10596084 A JP10596084 A JP 10596084A JP S60249672 A JPS60249672 A JP S60249672A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
head
runner
needle valve
pelton
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP59105960A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinsaku Sato
晋作 佐藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to JP59105960A priority Critical patent/JPS60249672A/en
Publication of JPS60249672A publication Critical patent/JPS60249672A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/20—Controlling by varying liquid flow specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make highly efficient operation performable so well within a wide head range, by varying a diameter of a pitch circular of each bucket in plural runners so as to shift a peak value of variable head characteristics in each runner somewhat higher or lower than a designed reference head. CONSTITUTION:A diameter D1 of a pitch circle in a bucket 4 in the upper stage runner 2 attached to a main shaft 1 is formed into being large, and its design head H1 is shifted somewhat higher than a reference designed head H0. And, likewise a diameter D2 of a pitch circle in a lower stage runner 2 is formed into being small, and its design head H2 is shifted somewhat lower than the said H0. Then, a head signal H detected out of a head detector 15 is led into a judger 16, and when this satisfies a relationship of H>=H0, a needle valve 11 is controlled for its proper opening by needle valve driving devices 13 and 14, while a needle valve 12 is made to come into a state of fully closed. And, when H<H0 is the case, the needle valve 11 is fully closed, thus the needle valve 12 is controlled for its proper opening.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は、同一の主軸上にバケツ１〜のピッチ円の直径
が異なる複数段のランナを取イ」けた複輪ペルトン水車
およびその運転方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a double-wheeled Pelton water turbine having multiple stages of runners having buckets 1 to 1 with different diameters of pitch circles on the same main shaft, and a method for operating the same. .

（発明の技術的背景とその問題点〕 一般に、ペルトン水車では、主機の回転速度が一定の場
合、運転落差が設計落差から外れると、水ジェツトの干
渉や乱れなどのため効率が大幅に低下する。第２図は横
軸に単位落差当りの回転速度Ｎ／’ｌ−１をとり、縦軸
に水車の効率ηを示したもので、回転速度Ｎが一定の場
合には落差Ｈが設計落差から低落差側へずれた場合も、
高落差側へずれた場合も、効率ηは急激に低下する。(Technical background of the invention and its problems) In general, in a Pelton water turbine, when the rotational speed of the main engine is constant, if the operating head deviates from the design head, the efficiency will decrease significantly due to water jet interference and turbulence. In Figure 2, the horizontal axis shows the rotational speed N/'l-1 per unit head, and the vertical axis shows the efficiency η of the water turbine.If the rotational speed N is constant, the head H is the design head. Even if it deviates from to the low head side,
If the head is shifted to the high head side, the efficiency η also decreases rapidly.

運転落差が設計落差から大きく外れた場合には、水車効
率の低下のため発電運転が不可能となり、発電所の運用
上、重大な支障を来たすことになる。If the operating head deviates significantly from the design head, power generation operation will become impossible due to a decrease in the efficiency of the water turbine, which will cause serious problems in the operation of the power plant.

落差が変化した場合、主機の回転速度を変更して、その
時点の運転落差に最適な回転速度を選択すれば効率の低
下を防ぐことができるが、このような運転方法を実現し
ようとすると、主機に直結する同期発電機やその付属機
器の構造が複雑となり、高価なものとなるため、現在の
発電所では上述の回転速度変更方法は採用されていない
のが実状である。If the head changes, changing the rotational speed of the main engine and selecting the optimal rotational speed for the operating head at that time can prevent a drop in efficiency, but if you try to implement this operating method, Because the structure of the synchronous generator directly connected to the main engine and its auxiliary equipment is complicated and expensive, the above-mentioned method of changing the rotation speed is not currently used in power plants.

このような状況のため、広い運転落差範囲に適用できる
ペルトン水車の出現が強く望まれていた。Under these circumstances, there was a strong desire for a Pelton turbine that could be applied to a wide operating head range.

〔発明の目的〕 本発明は背景技術における上述の事情に鑑みて成された
もので、主機の回転速度を変更することなく、広い運転
範囲内で高い効率を発揮できるようにしたペルトン水車
およびその運転方法を提供することを目的とする。[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances in the background art, and provides a Pelton water turbine and its Pelton water turbine that can exhibit high efficiency within a wide operating range without changing the rotational speed of the main engine. The purpose is to provide driving instructions.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明は複数のランナのパ
ケットのピッチ円の直径を、それらのランナの変落差特
性のピーク値が設計基準落差よりも高目および低目にシ
フトするよう異ならせた複輪ペルトン水車と、これを高
落差範囲に亘って高い効率で運転制御するため、落差検
出器からの落差信号が基準設計落差よりも大きいか小さ
いかを判別し、大きい場合には大径側ランナのパケット
にのみジェット水を噴出し、小さい場合には小径側ラン
ナのパケットにのみジェット水を噴出するよう運転制御
を行なうことを特徴とするものである。To achieve the above object, the present invention differs the diameters of the pitch circles of the packets of a plurality of runners so that the peak values of the variable head characteristics of the runners are shifted higher and lower than the design standard head. In order to control the operation of a double-wheeled Pelton turbine with high efficiency over a high head range, it is determined whether the head signal from the head detector is larger or smaller than the standard design head, and if it is larger, a large diameter The jet water is jetted only to the packets of the side runners, and if the packets are small, the jet water is controlled to be jetted only to the packets of the small diameter runners.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下、図面を参照して本発明の詳細な説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

第１図は本発明を竪軸２段ペルトン水車に適用した例を
模式的に示すもので、主軸１には２段のランナ２．３が
上下方向に適瓜の間隔をおいて取付けられている。各ラ
ンナ２，３の周囲には夫々多数個のパケット４．５が取
付けられているが、ランナ２，３の直径は上段ランナ２
のパケット群のピッチ円の直径Ｄ１が下段ランナ３のパ
ケット群のピッチ円の直径Ｄ２よりも大きくなるように
寸法を定められている。Fig. 1 schematically shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a vertical shaft two-stage Pelton water turbine, in which two stages of runners 2.3 are attached to the main shaft 1 at suitable intervals in the vertical direction. There is. A large number of packets 4.5 are attached around each runner 2, 3, and the diameter of the runners 2, 3 is the same as that of the upper runner.
The diameter D1 of the pitch circle of the packet group is larger than the diameter D2 of the pitch circle of the packet group of the lower runner 3.

これらのランナ２，３およびパケット４．５を収納する
ハウジング６の側壁には、各パケット４゜５と対応する
位置にノズル管７．８が配置されている。これらのノズ
ル管はケーシング９，１０を介して鉄管（図示せず）内
の高圧水に連通しており、また各ノズル管７．８の先端
には流量調整弁としてニードル弁１１．１２が設けられ
ている。A nozzle pipe 7.8 is arranged on the side wall of the housing 6 which houses the runners 2, 3 and the packets 4.5 at a position corresponding to each packet 4.5. These nozzle pipes communicate with high pressure water in iron pipes (not shown) via casings 9 and 10, and needle valves 11.12 are provided at the tips of each nozzle pipes 7.8 as flow rate regulating valves. It is being

各ニードル弁１１．１２には、第３図に示すようにニー
ドル弁駆動装置１３．１４が接続されており、落差検出
器１５からの落差信号に基いて開閉制御される。即ち、
落差信号検出器１５から出力される落差信号Ｈは判定器
１６により判定され、落差信号Ｈが基準設計落差Ｈ８に
対してＨ≧１−１　。Each needle valve 11.12 is connected to a needle valve driving device 13.14 as shown in FIG. 3, and is controlled to open and close based on a head signal from a head detector 15. That is,
The head signal H output from the head signal detector 15 is determined by the determiner 16, and the head signal H is H≧1-1 with respect to the standard design head H8.

の関係にある場合にはニードル弁駆動装置１３はニード
ル弁１１を適正開度に開度制御すると共に、ニードル弁
駆動装置１４はニードル弁１２を全開とする。また、Ｈ
くＨｏの関係にあるとぎは、ニードル弁駆動装＠１３は
ニードル弁１１を全閉させ、ニードル弁駆動装置１４は
ニードル弁１２を適正開度に開度制御する。If the following relationship exists, the needle valve drive device 13 controls the opening of the needle valve 11 to an appropriate opening degree, and the needle valve drive device 14 fully opens the needle valve 12. Also, H
The needle valve drive device @13 fully closes the needle valve 11, and the needle valve drive device 14 controls the opening degree of the needle valve 12 to an appropriate degree.

次に、本発明の作用効果を説明する。Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained.

一般に、単輪式のペルトン水車では、変落差特性（落差
が変化した場合の効率特性）は、第２図中の実線および
第４図中の破線で示すように、設計落差Ｈ８をビークと
して高落差側および低落差側で急激に低下する。In general, for a single-wheel Pelton turbine, the variable head characteristics (efficiency characteristics when the head changes) are as shown by the solid line in Figure 2 and the broken line in Figure 4, with the design head H8 as the peak. It decreases rapidly on the head side and low head side.

本発明においては、上段ランナ２のパケットのピッチ円
の直径Ｄ１を大径としてその設計落差１」　を、第４図
に示すように、基準設計落差Ｈ６よりも高目にシフ［〜
させ、また下段ランナ３のパケットのピッチ円の直径Ｄ
２を小径としてその設計落差ＨをＨ８よりも低目にシフ
［・させである。In the present invention, the diameter D1 of the pitch circle of the packet of the upper stage runner 2 is made larger, and the design head 1 is shifted to be higher than the standard design head H6, as shown in FIG.
and the diameter D of the pitch circle of the packet of the lower runner 3
2 is made smaller in diameter and its design head H is shifted to a lower value than H8.

而して、第３図に示すように、落差検出器１５によって
検出した落差信号Ｈを判定器１６に導き、これがＨ≧Ｈ
ｏの関係を満足する場合にはニードル弁駆動装置１３．
１４によりニードル弁１１を適正開度に開度制御すると
共にニードル弁１２を全開とし、また、Ｈ＜　Ｈｏの場
合にはニードル弁１１を全閉とし、ニードル弁１２を適
正開度に開度制御する。Then, as shown in FIG.
If the relationship o is satisfied, the needle valve drive device 13.
14, the opening of the needle valve 11 is controlled to an appropriate opening degree, and the needle valve 12 is fully opened.If H<Ho, the needle valve 11 is fully closed, and the opening of the needle valve 12 is controlled to an appropriate opening degree. do.

このような運転方法を採用することにより、本発明の複
輪ペルトン水車の変落差特性は第４図中の実線曲線Ａで
示すように高効率範囲が大幅に拡大することができる。By adopting such an operating method, the high efficiency range of the variable head characteristics of the double-wheeled Pelton turbine of the present invention can be greatly expanded as shown by the solid curve A in FIG. 4.

従って、例えば運転落差がＨ２′まで低下した場合、従
来の単輪ペルトン水車では効率がη２′まで低下するが
本発明による場合には効率はη２に留まり、効率低下を
△η改善することがＣきる。Therefore, for example, when the operating head decreases to H2', the efficiency in the conventional single-wheel Pelton turbine decreases to η2', but in the case of the present invention, the efficiency remains at η2, and it is possible to improve the efficiency drop by Δη. Wear.

これは運転落差が設計落差よりも高落差側へ移動した場
合も同様である。This also applies when the operating head moves to a higher head than the design head.

このように、本発明においては、パケット群のピッチ円
の直径の異なる複数幅のランナを共通の主軸に固定し、
これらのランナの設泪落差Ｈ４゜Ｈを基準設計落差Ｈ８
の上下に適当間ずつシフトして設計し、運転落差がＨ８
よりも高い場合にはパケット群のピッチ円の直径の大き
なランナに対応するニードル弁を開いて他方のニードル
弁を全開とし、反対に運転落差がｌ−Ｉ　Ｑよりも低い
場合にはパケット群のピッチ円の直径の小さなランチに
対応するニードル弁のみを開き、残りのニードル弁を全
開とするようにしたので、水車の高効率運転範囲を大幅
に拡大することができる。In this way, in the present invention, runners of a plurality of widths with different pitch circle diameters of the packet group are fixed to a common main axis,
The design head H8 of these runners is the standard design head H4゜H.
Designed by shifting up and down by an appropriate distance, the operating head is H8
If the operating head is lower than l-IQ, the needle valve corresponding to the runner with the larger pitch circle diameter of the packet group is opened and the other needle valve is fully opened. By opening only the needle valve corresponding to the launch with a small pitch circle diameter and leaving the remaining needle valves fully open, the range of high efficiency operation of the water turbine can be greatly expanded.

なお、以上の説明では上段および下段のランナを水平方
向に平行に配置した例につき述べたが、ランナの運転時
における水のはね返り干渉を極力低減させるため、第５
図や第６図に示１ように、ランナ２．３のパケット取付
はディスクを主軸に対して傾斜して取付け、パケット間
距離を長くするようにしてもよい。In addition, in the above explanation, an example has been described in which the upper and lower runners are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, but in order to reduce water splash interference as much as possible when the runners are operating, the fifth runner is arranged horizontally in parallel.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the packets may be attached to the runner 2.3 by attaching the disks at an angle with respect to the main axis to increase the distance between the packets.

また、以上の説明では２段のランナを備えたペルトン水
車につき説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるもので
はなく、例えば運転落差範囲をより広範に設計したい場
合には、第７図に示すように、２段目のランナ３の下方
にもう１段またはそれ以上の段数のランナ１７を配置す
るようにしてもよい。この場合、ランナ１７に取付ける
パケット１８のピッチ円の直径はパケット５のそれより
も小さなものとする。Further, in the above explanation, a Pelton turbine equipped with a two-stage runner has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if it is desired to design a wider range of operating head, the flowchart shown in FIG. As shown, one or more stages of runners 17 may be arranged below the second stage runner 3. In this case, the diameter of the pitch circle of the packet 18 attached to the runner 17 is smaller than that of the packet 5.

また更に、本発明は竪軸型以外のペルトン水車にも適用
することができる。Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to Pelton water turbines other than the vertical shaft type.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

上述の如く本発明によれば広い落差範囲に亘ってペルト
ン水車を高い効率で運転制御することができ、発電所の
運用効率を大幅に向上させることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the operation of the Pelton water turbine can be controlled with high efficiency over a wide head range, and the operating efficiency of the power plant can be greatly improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図は本発明のペルトン水車の実施例を模式的に示す
縦断面図、第２図は従来の単輪式ペルトン水車の変落差
特性を例示するグラフ、第３図は本発明における運転制
御方法を例示するブロック図、第４図は本発明の実施例
における変落差特性を示すグラフ、第５図ないし第７図
は夫々本発明の他の実施例を模式的に示す縦断面図であ
る。 １・・・主軸、２・・・上段ランナ、３・・・下段ラン
ナ、４．５．１８・・・パケット、６・・・ハウジング
、７．８・・・ノズル管、９，１０・・・ケーシング、
１１゜１２・・・ニードル弁、１３．１４・・・ニード
ル弁駆動装置、１５・・・落差検出器、１６・・・判定
器、１７・・・ランナ。 出願人代理人　猪　股　清 死　５　図 后　６　図 ５７　図FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the Pelton turbine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the variable head characteristics of a conventional single-wheel Pelton turbine, and FIG. 3 is the operation control according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the method, FIG. 4 is a graph showing variable head characteristics in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 5 to 7 are vertical cross-sectional views schematically showing other embodiments of the present invention. . 1... Main shaft, 2... Upper runner, 3... Lower runner, 4.5.18... Packet, 6... Housing, 7.8... Nozzle pipe, 9, 10... ·casing,
11°12...Needle valve, 13.14...Needle valve drive device, 15...Head detector, 16...Judgment device, 17...Runner. Applicant's agent Kiyoshi Inomata 5 Figure 6 Figure 57 Figure

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、　外周に多数個のパケットを取付けたランチの複数
個を同一の主軸上に固着し、各ランナのパケットに対応
する位置に、流量調整弁を備えたノズル管を配置した複
輪ペルトンを水車において、複数ランナのパケットのピ
ッチ円の直径をこれらのランチの変落差特性のピーク値
が設計基ｉｉ差よりも高目および低目にシフトするよう
異ならせたことを特徴とする複輪ペルトン水車。 ２、　同一の竪型主軸の上段にパケットのピッチ円の直
径の大きなランナを配置し、その下方にパケットのピッ
チ円の直径のより小さいランナを配置したごとを特徴と
する特許請求の範囲第１項に記載の複輪ペルトン水車。 ３、　隣接する段のバケツ１−間距離が大きくなるよう
パケット取付はディスクが主軸に対して傾斜しているこ
とを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項または第２項に記
載の複輪ペルトン水車。 ４、　落差検出器からの落差信号が基準設計落差よりも
大きなときは大径側ランナに対応するノズル管の流量調
整弁を適正開度に制御すると共に、残りのノズル管の流
量調整弁を全開とし、前記落差検出器からの落差信号が
前記設計落差よりも小さなときには小径側ランナに対応
するノズル管の流量調整弁を適正開度に制御すると共に
、残りのノズル管の流量調整弁を全開とすることを特徴
とする複輪ペルトン水車の運転方法。[Claims] 1. A plurality of launches each having a large number of packets attached to the outer periphery are fixed on the same main shaft, and a nozzle pipe equipped with a flow rate adjustment valve is arranged at a position corresponding to the packet of each runner. This method is characterized in that the pitch circle diameters of the packets of multiple runners are made different so that the peak values of the variable head characteristics of these launches are shifted higher and lower than the design basis ii difference. A double-wheeled Pelton water turbine. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that a runner with a large packet pitch circle diameter is arranged on the upper stage of the same vertical main shaft, and a runner with a smaller packet pitch circle diameter is arranged below it. The double-wheeled Pelton turbine described in Section. 3. The double-wheeled pelton according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the packet mounting disk is inclined with respect to the main axis so that the distance between the buckets 1 and 1 of adjacent stages is increased. Water wheel. 4. When the head signal from the head detector is larger than the standard design head, the flow rate adjustment valve of the nozzle pipe corresponding to the large diameter runner is controlled to the appropriate opening degree, and the flow rate adjustment valves of the remaining nozzle pipes are fully opened. When the head signal from the head detector is smaller than the design head, the flow rate adjustment valve of the nozzle pipe corresponding to the small diameter runner is controlled to an appropriate opening degree, and the flow rate adjustment valves of the remaining nozzle pipes are fully opened. A method of operating a double-wheeled Pelton water turbine, which is characterized by:
JP59105960A 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof Pending JPS60249672A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59105960A JPS60249672A (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59105960A JPS60249672A (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60249672A true JPS60249672A (en) 1985-12-10

Family

ID=14421367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59105960A Pending JPS60249672A (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 Dual pelton wheel and operating method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60249672A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101522788B1 (en) * 2013-11-22 2015-05-26 이경녕 Rotating Apparatus with Volume-variable Cells Closed

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101522788B1 (en) * 2013-11-22 2015-05-26 이경녕 Rotating Apparatus with Volume-variable Cells Closed

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