JPH10219248A - Method for forming water-permeable layer and spraying equipment for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To mechanize and simplify a forming operation of a water-permeable layer for construction, civil engineering such as tunnel construction by spraying a specific bubble-containing composition on a surface to be processed by a spraying equipment and forming the water-permeable layer. SOLUTION: This method for forming a water-permeable layer is to spray a bubble-containing composition, which contains particles such as silica sand, glass beads, etc., having 40-50vol.% voids, a binder such as an epoxy resin, etc., having 10-30vol.% voids and a sufficient amount of a foaming agent such as an anion surfactant, etc., capable of maintaining the mixture of the particles with the binder in a fluid state for spraying condition, onto a surface to be processed by a spraying equipment consisting of a hopper 10, a transporting means 20, a rotation means 23, a transporting hose 30 and a nozzle 40, etc., cure the binder and form a water-permeable layer having >=10<i-2> /sec water- permeation coefficient and >=5kgf/cm<2> compressive strength.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a permeable layer useful in construction and civil engineering work, and a spraying apparatus suitable for forming the permeable layer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for forming a water-permeable layer used for waterproofing and drainage in civil engineering work and the like, and a spray device for forming a water-permeable layer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In civil engineering work and the like, a layer or member having a water permeable function is provided at a required location for treating water such as spring water or rainwater, and water is finally passed from the water permeable layer or member through a drain. Is led to rivers. Such examples include rainwater, spring water or groundwater leaking from the inner wall of the tunnel in the tunnel, preventing the life of various facilities in the tunnel from being shortened, and preventing the freezing of the road surface in winter in cold regions from the inside of the tunnel. There is a permeable layer, a permeable pavement plate that absorbs rainwater on the pavement road surface and guides it to the sewer, and alternatives to shotcrete slopes that use drainage pipes, etc. It is a permeable layer in the inner wall lining structure.

[0003] At present, the construction of the permeable layer of the lining structure in the tunnel relies heavily on manual work. As a waterproofing method for tunnel construction on mountain roads, Showa 5
In the latter half of 2000, the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) method was implemented as a nearly perfect waterproofing method. In the NATM method, as shown in Fig. 1, after a primary sprayed concrete layer (1) is formed on the entire inner wall of a hole excavated in the ground, a water-permeable cushioning material of a certain size is formed.
(Nonwoven fabric, etc.) (2a) and a water-impermeable sheet (EVA or P
VC etc.) (2b), the ends of the waterproof sheet are stuck together over the entire surface to form a waterproof layer (2), and concrete is sprayed on the surface to form a lining concrete layer (3). Is formed. The spring water that seeps out of the primary concrete layer cannot pass through the impermeable sheet, but is absorbed by the water-permeable cushioning material and guided to the drain (4) at the bottom of the tunnel to be discharged. Is reliably prevented, and indirect cracking is also prevented.

[0004] To adhere the waterproof sheet by the NATM method, a fixed size (about 2 m width) of a water-permeable cushioning material is fixed with nails or the like while overlapping the ends thereof, and the non-water-permeable sheets are attached to each other. The overlapping portion is joined by heat welding or the like on site using high frequency or a press with a built-in heater. Build a scaffold in the tunnel, and use the non-permeable sheet with a long total extension distance with high reliability so that the presence of the pillars will be partially adapted to the uneven inner peripheral surface of the tunnel due to the presence of bolts and nuts for pillar support. The process of attaching the waterproof sheet to the entire inner periphery of the tunnel while completely performing the joining of the overlapped portions is a difficult operation requiring time and effort.
Therefore, this operation is simplified, and the formation of the waterproof sheet layer is simplified.
Attempts are being made to apply the method using a spraying machine as in the case of the primary concrete and the secondary lining concrete.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-236996 discloses that
Next, a high-foamable urethane elastomer is sprayed on the entire surface of the concrete to form a primary waterproof coating having the same function as the cushioning material, and a low-foamable or non-foamable urethane elastomer is sprayed on the first waterproof coating to impermeable to water. It describes a method for forming a secondary waterproof coating having the same function as a sheet, and a method for simplifying a process of forming a waterproof layer only by spraying work.
This method does not provide the primary waterproofing film with the function of water permeability, and when the urethane is blown and foamed, the primary waterproofing film is waterproofed together with the skin layer formed between the foam and the primary concrete surface. The purpose of the present invention is to provide the function described above, and it cannot be directly applied to the simplification of the NATM method.

Further, a water-permeable cement mortar (foamed mortar or an inorganic porous composition) is sprayed as a water-permeable layer,
A method of spraying urethane (solid or foam) or an acrylic emulsion as a waterproof sheet thereon and then curing the same has been proposed (JP-A-7-173997). An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus which can form a water-permeable layer more easily by using a spraying machine.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors sprayed a layer in which various particles having a porosity sufficient to provide water permeability were fixed with a minimum amount of binder not impairing the water permeability. Considering that it will be installed on primary concrete by attaching work, we have studied diligently. When spraying the particles and a small amount of the binder, the most important problem is the fixing ratio of the mixture of the particles and the binder to the wall surface during the spraying. The present inventors aim at a fixing rate of 70% as a guide, and to further increase the fixing rate, it is effective to increase the fluidity of the mixture by generating bubbles which disappear when the binder is cured in the mixture. It has been confirmed that it is effective to use a small amount of a foaming agent such as a surfactant to generate such foam. The permeable layer forming method of the present invention has been completed based on such findings.

That is, the present invention provides a method for forming a water-permeable layer having the following constitution. (1) Permeability characterized by spraying a bubble-containing composition containing particles, a binder, and a foaming agent that keeps a mixture of the particles and the binder in a sprayable fluid state on a construction surface by a spraying device. The method of forming the layer. (2) For a particle having a porosity of 40 to 50% by volume, a binder having a porosity of 10 to 30% by volume and a sufficient amount of a binder for maintaining a mixture of the particles and the binder in a sprayable fluid state. After spraying a foam-containing composition containing a foaming agent on a construction surface with a spraying device, the binder is cured.
The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (1).

(3) The method according to the above (1), wherein the permeability of the permeable layer is 10 ^-2 cm / sec or more (according to the Tokyo method for drainable pavement) and the compressive strength is 5 kgf / cm ² or more (JISA1216). A method for forming a permeable layer. (4) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (1), wherein the particles of the aggregate are used. (5) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (4), wherein the aggregate is selected from one or more of silica sand, glass beads, ceramic cobblestone, wood chips, rubber chips, resin beads, metal grids, and calcium carbonate.

(6) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to the above (1), wherein an adhesive is used as a binder. (7) The adhesive according to (6), wherein the adhesive is selected from an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a modified silicone resin, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion.
The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to the above. (8) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (1), wherein the foaming agent is selected from surfactants. (9) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (1), wherein the surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. (10) The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to (1), further comprising a thickener and / or a thixotropic agent.

Further, the present invention provides a spraying apparatus for forming a permeable layer having the following constitution. (11) a hopper for receiving the bubble-containing composition, a transport means for transporting the composition while holding the content bubbles, and a transport hose communicating with the transport means, wherein the transport means is an elongated rotor provided with spiral fins The rotor has a rotating means, and the rotor extends from the lower part of the hopper to the tip of the transfer hose, and is internally provided.The nozzle for ejecting the composition is mounted at the tip of the transfer hose, and the rotor is provided with the nozzle. A ventilating device for forming a permeable layer, wherein a vent for introducing compressed air toward a nozzle opening is provided. (12) The spraying device according to (11), wherein the transfer means forms a monopump transfer function together with the transfer hose. (13) The spraying device according to the above (11) or (12), wherein the plurality of ventilation holes are annularly arranged along the nozzle port, and are formed in the same direction as the spiral fin toward the nozzle port.

(14) The rotor at the lower part of the hopper is formed as a double layer by an outer rotor and an inner rotor. The outer rotor has a cylindrical shape, and an inner rotor is coaxially mounted inside the outer rotor. A rotating means is provided, and spiral fins are provided on the outer rotor outer circumference and the inner rotor outer circumference extending from the outer rotor and extending to the transfer hose, and the bubble-containing composition cut out quantitatively by rotation of the outer rotor. The spraying device according to the above (11), (12) or (13), in which is transported by rotation of the inner rotor. (15) A relay device is provided in the middle of the transfer hose, and the relay device is provided with an auxiliary rotating means of a rotor, and the rotor is connected via the relay device (11) to (14). The spraying device according to any one of the above. (16) The spraying device according to any one of (11) to (15), wherein the rotor and the transfer hose are formed of a flexible elastic material.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. (1) Particles The particles used in the present invention adhere to primary concrete with an appropriate strength when sprayed with an appropriate amount of a binder, and a layer formed after curing of the binder exhibits an appropriate water permeability. It is. Specifically, the porosity [(Vm−Vt) / Vm × 100%] obtained by measuring the apparent volume Vm and the true volume Vt of the particles is 25 to 70, preferably 40 to 50%. Particles with a compressive strength (according to JISA1216) of 3 kg after curing the binder
f / cm ² or more, preferably 5 kgf / cm ² or more. When the porosity exceeds 70%, the grain system of the aggregate is large,
Due to the distorted shape, fixing during spraying becomes worse, and 25
% Is not preferable because the water permeability becomes poor. Examples of such particles include silica sand (No. 3 to 6), glass beads (0.6 to 5.5 mm), ceramic cobblestone (0.5 to 20 mm), wood chips, rubber chips, resin beads, metal grids, and calcium carbonate. And inorganic particles such as Among these, silica sand and ceramic spheres are preferred.

(2) Binder The binder used in the present invention has a compressive strength of 5 kgf / cm ² or more (JISA
1216), which is stable for a long period of time suitable for the intended use. Examples of such a binder include a polymer-based adhesive. Specific examples include an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, an acryl-butadiene-styrene rubber resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion. Of these, epoxy resins and vinyl acetate emulsions are preferred. The amount of the binder used is such that the layer obtained by curing the particles to a required strength and curing and hardening has a water permeability of 10 ^-2 cm / sec or more (measured according to the Tokyo method for drainable pavement). Is a quantity indicating Specifically, it is an amount corresponding to about 10 to 30% of the porosity (40 to 50%) of the particles. The amount of the binder is 1 to the porosity.
If it is less than 0%, the fixing rate at the time of spraying becomes poor, and if it exceeds 20%, the water permeability deteriorates, which is not preferable.

(3) Foaming agent In the present invention, the particles and a small amount of binder are sprayed onto a desired predetermined place with a high fixing rate, so that the mixture has a property of increasing the fluidity of the mixture and the binder is cured. And a foaming agent that stably generates foam that disappears when the mixture is produced. Foaming agents that generate such foams include anionic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactants. Examples of anionic surfactants include soaps such as sodium laurate, sodium stearate, and sodium oleate; higher alcohol sulfates, higher alkyl ether sulfates, sulfated oils, sulfated fatty acid esters, and sulfated fatty acids. And sulfonated ester salts such as sulfated olefins; sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, paraffin sulfonate, Igepon T (trade name) and aerosol OT (trade name); higher alcohol phosphate And the like phosphate esters,

Examples of the cationic surfactant include amine salt-type cationic surfactants such as higher alkylamine salts, and quaternary ammonium salt-type cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts. Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants and betaine-type amphoteric surfactants such as stearyl dimethylyl betaine and lauryl dihydroxyethyl betaine. In addition, examples of the nonionic surfactant include a polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and a polyhydric alcohol type nonionic surfactant. Among them, anionic surfactants which are excellent in foaming property and stable in foaming are preferable, and higher alcohol sulfates such as sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate are preferable. In the present invention, an amphoteric surfactant can be used in combination as a foam stability enhancer.

The amount of the foaming agent used is an amount sufficient for the mixture of the particles and the binder to exhibit a fluidity that can be sprayed by a spraying machine by the adsorbing force of the generated foam surface. Although it depends on the type of the binder and the additive, it is generally 2 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder.
-5 parts by weight.

(4) Other Additives In the present invention, a thickener or a thixotropic agent is used if necessary to further enhance the adhesion between the binder and the particles. Examples of the thickener include cellulose and the like, and examples of the thixotropic agent include silica, talc, and clay.

At the time of spraying, the particles, the binder and the additive are stirred and mixed to generate stable air bubbles, which are then charged into a spraying machine and sprayed on an object. As the spraying machine, a spraying gun machine usually used in construction work, in particular, a spraying gun machine used for spraying small and medium particle lysine, skin and lightweight spraying material can be preferably used. In addition, the spraying apparatus for forming a permeable layer suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention will be described in the following examples.

[0020]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to the present invention will be described below with reference to examples. Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 64 No. 4 silica sand (porosity 45%), an epoxy-based adhesive, or a vinyl acetate-based aqueous adhesive and a foaming agent (sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate) are shown in Table 1 and The mixture is mixed by a machine at the ratio shown in Table 2 and sprayed on a sprayed concrete surface by a spraying machine (ricin type), and left to cure at room temperature for one day to form a water-permeable layer of 2 to 5 mm. did. At this time, the spraying workability, the water permeability of the formed water-permeable layer, the adhesion to the sample surface, and the compressive strength of the cured layer were measured and evaluated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1 (Comparative Example) and Table 2 (Example).

Spraying workability: When the composition shown in Table 1 or Table 2 was mixed with a machine, it was observed whether or not spraying was possible with a spraying machine (whether or not the composition had sufficient fluidity for spraying). Was evaluated according to the following criteria. …: There is a movement that the liquid flows continuously when the cup is turned upside down.…: There is a mixture of the state that the liquid flows continuously and the state that the liquid comes out. ×: The aggregate containing binder is powdery. It is smooth.

Water permeability: A water permeability test was conducted in accordance with the Tokyo Metropolitan Law for drainage pavements, and the evaluation was made according to the following criteria. …: 10 ⁻² cm / sec or more, ×: less than 10 ⁻² cm / sec.

Adhesion to sample surface: Sample plate whose weight has been measured in advance (Material: manufactured by spraying concrete, size: 30 cm)
× 30 cm), the fixing rate was calculated from the weight of the material mixture adhered by spraying and the weight of the compound charged in the spraying machine, and evaluated according to the following criteria. …: Fixing rate of 70% or more, Δ: Fixing rate of 50 to 70%, ×: Fixing rate of less than 50%.

Compressive strength of hardened layer: diameter 50 mm × height 100
Specimens of mm were prepared, measured according to JIS A1216, and judged according to the following criteria. ○: 5 kgf / cm ² or more, Δ: 3 to 5 kgf / cm ² , ×: Less than 3 kgf / cm ² .

[0025]

[Table 1]

[0026]

[Table 2]

From the results of Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen from the results that only particles and an adhesive (binder) were used (Comparative Examples 1 to 3: epoxy,
In Comparative Examples 4 to 6: aqueous vinyl acetate), even if the amount of the binder is changed, there is a problem in any of spraying workability, water permeability, and adhesion to a surface. Addition of a foaming agent (surfactant) to the adhesive improves spraying workability, water permeability, and adhesion to the surface, so that there is no problem in using it as a water-permeable layer for the tunnel lining structure. It was confirmed that the performance of was obtained.

(5) Configuration of the Spraying Apparatus The spraying apparatus of the present invention comprises a hopper for receiving the bubble-containing composition, a conveying means for conveying the composition while holding the air-containing composition, and a conveying hose communicating with the conveying means. Having. The conveying means has an elongated rotor provided with spiral fins and its rotating means. The rotor extends from the lower part of the hopper, through the inside of the transfer hose, to the tip thereof. A nozzle is attached to the tip of the transfer hose, and the nozzle is provided with a vent for introducing compressed air toward the nozzle opening. The composition, which is a material for forming the water-permeable layer, is prepared by adding a foaming agent together with particles and a binder, stirring the mixture in advance with a mixer, and then supplying the foamed foam to a hopper. The bubble-containing composition is carried forward by the rotation of a rotor provided at the lower part of the hopper while holding the bubble-containing composition by the fins, conveyed to the tip through a transfer hose, and injected from the nozzle by compressed air.

In the above-mentioned spraying apparatus of the present invention, the conveying means preferably forms a monopump type conveying function together with the conveying hose. That is, a transfer hose is formed of an elastic material (e.g., rubber) having an oval cross section with respect to an elongated rotor having a spiral fin, and a rotor rotated about an eccentric shaft reciprocates inside the transfer hose. By doing so, the internal pressure is not applied to the composition, and the composition is transported inside the transport hose while holding the contained bubbles, and transported toward the nozzle at the tip of the hose.

Further, the spraying device of the present invention preferably comprises
A plurality of ventilation holes provided in the nozzle are arranged annularly along the nozzle port, and the direction of the ventilation hole is the same as the spiral fin toward the nozzle port, that is, with respect to the Norse axis. It is formed inclined in the radial direction. Compressed air is introduced into the bubble-containing composition, which is sent out while being rotated along the spiral fins by the rotation of the rotor, substantially in parallel with the flow, so that the composition can be jetted uniformly.

Further, the spraying apparatus of the present invention preferably has a fixed amount conveying mechanism for sending out the bubble-containing composition supplied to the hopper at regular intervals. The fixed quantity transport mechanism can be formed by a double rotor provided below the hopper. That is, the above-mentioned rotor is formed as a double by an outer rotor and an inner rotor, the outer rotor is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the inner rotor is coaxially mounted inside the outer rotor. By providing spiral fins on the outer rotor and protruding from the outer rotor and the outer rotor and extending to the transfer hose, a fixed amount of the bubble-containing composition is cut out by rotation of the outer rotor,
This is transported by the rotation of the inner rotor.

Further, the spraying device of the present invention may have a relay in the middle of the transfer hose, and the relay may be provided with an auxiliary rotating means of the rotor, and the rotor or the transfer hose may be extended through the relay. Includes possible embodiments.

Further, the spraying device of the present invention includes a mode in which the rotor and the transfer hose are formed of a flexible elastic material, and the nozzle can be directed in an arbitrary direction.

Specific Examples of Spraying Apparatus FIGS. 2 to 8 show examples of the structure of the above-mentioned spraying apparatus. FIG. 2 is a schematic external view of the spraying device according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a hopper and a transport mechanism, FIG.
5 is a sectional view of the nozzle portion, FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway sectional view of the nozzle portion, FIG. 7 is an external sectional view of an annular member for forming a ventilation path, and FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a repeater.

The spraying apparatus according to the present invention shown in the drawing includes a hopper 10 for receiving a bubble-containing composition, a conveying means 20 for conveying the composition while holding the air-containing composition, and the conveying means 20.
And a transfer hose 30 communicating with the transfer hose. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the transfer means 20 is provided below the hopper 10, and a long and thin transfer hose 30 is connected to the front surface thereof. ing.

The transfer means 20 includes a box-shaped storage section 27 provided below the hopper 10, an elongated rotor (rotary shaft) 21 disposed laterally inside the storage section 27, and a rotating means (motor). Etc.) 23. The rear part 24 of the rotor 21 projects rearward through the storage part 27 and
5, and is rotatably supported via a joint 5 and connected to a rotating shaft of a motor 23 via a joint 26. On the other hand, the front part of the rotor 21 extends to the tip through the inside of the transfer hose 30, and the outer periphery of the rotor 21 passing through the storage part 27 and the inside of the transfer hose 30 has a spiral fin 2.
2 are provided.

The transfer means 20 preferably forms a monopump-type transfer function together with the transfer hose 30. That is, the transfer hose 30 is formed of an elastic material (e.g., rubber) having an oval cross section with respect to the rotor 21, and the rotor 21 is slightly eccentrically connected to a rotating shaft of a motor or the like via a joint 26. The rotor 21 is formed so as to reciprocate while rotating inside the elastic transfer hose 30 by a small gap between the bearing 25 and the transfer hose. In the case of this structure, the rotor 21
The internal pressure is not applied to the composition inside the hose during the rotation of, and therefore the composition can be sent forward with the bubbles kept by the movement of the spiral fin 22 without crushing the bubbles in the composition. In addition, if the rotor 21 and the fins 22 are formed of a flexible member together with the transfer hose 30, the transfer hose 30 can be freely bent and the tip can be directed in any direction.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, a nozzle 40 is attached to the tip of the transfer hose 30.
The nozzle 40 shown in FIG.
The compressed air introduction pipe 42 extends obliquely toward the center of the nozzle port 41 through the rear part of the nozzle. The bubble-containing composition conveyed to the end of the hose by the rotor 21 reaches the nozzle 40, where it is blown out of the nozzle port 41 by compressed air blown out from the introduction pipe 42. The nozzle in FIG.
It has the advantage that the structure is relatively simple and inexpensive. The spray device of the present invention includes an embodiment having the nozzle of FIG.

On the other hand, in the nozzle of FIG. 5, the composition may be jetted non-uniformly due to the pressure difference. The nozzle shown in FIG. 6 is an improved version of the nozzle, in which a plurality of ventilation holes 51 for introducing compressed air are annularly arranged along the nozzle opening 41, and the direction of the ventilation opening 51 is directed toward the nozzle opening. This is a nozzle formed in the same direction as the spiral fin. Specifically, as shown in the drawing, the nozzle 40 is provided with annular mounting brackets 43 and 44.
Is mounted coaxially with the transfer hose 30 via
An annular member 50 forming a compressed air ventilation passage 53 is fitted to the rear of the nozzle 40. As shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, fins 51 and 52 forming ventilation paths 53 are provided on the outer peripheral portions on both sides, and
Is formed with a ventilation hole 51. The ventilation holes 51 are formed in the same direction as the spiral fins 22 of the rotor 21, that is, in the radial direction with respect to the axis of the nose 40 or the annular member 50 and inclined toward the nozzle port 41. The annular member 50 is fitted integrally with the mounting brackets 43 and 44, and the rotor 21 extends to the inside of the annular member 50. A compressed air introduction pipe 54 is connected to the mounting bracket 44 that covers the annular member 50, and the introduction pipe 54 is connected to the annular member 5.
0 and the air passage 53 and the air hole 51. The compressed air sent through the introduction pipe 54 flows into the ventilation passage 53 on the outer periphery of the annular member, flows through the ventilation hole 51 into the nozzle, and is introduced into the bubble-containing composition substantially in parallel with the flow. Therefore, the bubble-containing composition can be uniformly sprayed from the nozzle port without generating a pressure difference, and a water-permeable layer having a uniform thickness without spray spots can be formed.

Next, the spraying device of the present invention includes one having a fixed amount conveying mechanism. The configuration in FIG. 4 is an example of the fixed amount transport mechanism in the spraying device of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the fixed-quantity transport mechanism is formed by a double rotor provided in the storage unit 27. That is, the rotor 60 of the storage portion 27 is formed in a double configuration by the outer rotor 61 and the inner rotor 62, and the outer rotor 61 is cylindrical, and the inner rotor 62 is coaxially mounted inside the outer rotor 61. . The rear ends of these rotors 61 and 62 protrude rearward of the storage portion 27, and a gear 63 is mounted on the outer periphery of the outer rotor 61. A drive gear 65 of a drive motor 64 meshes with the gear 63, It is formed so as to be rotatable independently of the inner rotor 62. This gear part is covered by a casing 67 having a sealing part 66. In addition, storage section 2
On the outer periphery of the outer rotor 61, a spiral fin 69 for cutting out a fixed amount is provided.

On the other hand, the rear end 66 of the inner rotor 62 projects from the outer rotor 61 and is connected to the rotating means (drive motor or the like) 23 through the joint 26. The connection structure of the inner rotor 62 and the structure extending to the hose tip through the inside of the transfer hose 30 are the same as those of the rotor 21 of FIG. That is, the transfer hose 30 projecting from the outer rotor 61
Spiral fins 22 are provided on the outer periphery of the inner rotor extending to the end, and preferably form the above-described monopump-type transfer function together with the transfer hose 30.

A carry-out channel 70 having a fixed width is formed between the outer rotor tip of the storage portion 27 and the transfer hose 30, and a fixed amount of the bubble-containing composition is cut out by the rotation of the outer rotor 61. Then, the air is sent out to the transfer hose 30 through the flow path 70, and is conveyed to the end of the transfer hose without crushing the contained bubbles by the rotation of the inner rotor 62. At the tip of the transfer hose, the nozzle 4 shown in FIGS.
0, the bubble-containing composition is uniformly sprayed.

The transfer hose 30 can have a length corresponding to the spraying operation, and a relay device 80 for assisting the rotation of the rotor 21 can be provided in the middle thereof. FIG.
Is an example of this repeater. Storage side (rear)
And the rotor 21b on the tip side (front) are connected coaxially inside the transfer hose 30, and the repeater 80 is interposed at this connection portion. Note that the rear rotor 21a and the front rotor 21b may be integrally connected, or may not be connected.

The repeater 80 is formed by a motor 81 for rotating the rotor 21 and gears 82 and 83 for transmitting the torque of the motor 81 to the rotor 21. The gear 83 has an annular shape and is provided so as to surround the rotor 21b.
4 is connected to the inner periphery of the gear 83. The outer periphery of the gear 83 meshes with a gear 82 mounted on a rotating shaft of a motor 81. When the gear 83 is rotated via the gear 82 by the rotation of the motor 81, the rotor 2 connected thereto is rotated.
1 are rotated together.

The gears 82 and 83 are accommodated in a housing 84 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the front transfer hose 30b, and the gear 83 is fitted on the inner periphery of the housing 84 and supported by the shaft. The motor 81 is connected to the housing 84
It is fixed on the side. On the other hand, the rear transfer hose 30
a flange portion 85 is formed at a joint end of the housing 84, the flange portion 85 is tightly joined to a rear end surface of the housing 84, a seal ring 86 is provided on the joint surface, and a transfer hose is provided by the rotor 21. The connection portion is formed airtight so that the bubble-containing composition sent inside 30 does not leak outside. By interposing the repeater 80, the rotor 21 and the transfer hose 30 can be extended to an arbitrary length, and the bubble-containing composition can be transferred without reducing the rotation of the rotor 21.

[0046]

As described above, the method for forming a water-permeable layer according to the present invention provides a foam-containing composition containing particles, a binder, and a foaming agent that maintains a mixture of the particles and the binder in a sprayable fluid state. Is sprayed on a construction surface by a spraying device. The method of the present invention is used particularly as a method for forming a water-permeable layer formed on a primary concrete surface in a tunnel lining method. In addition, a spraying method using a water-permeable layer on a pavement road surface and a conventional drainage pipe is used. It can also be suitably used as a method of construction of a water-permeable slope that does not require a drainage pipe in place of the above. Further, the spraying device of the present invention is suitable as a device for forming the permeable layer, transports the composition in a state where the air bubbles in the composition are held as they are without being crushed, and is uniformly applied to the construction surface from the nozzle at the tip. The permeable layer can be formed by spraying.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view of a tunnel constructed by the NATM method.

FIG. 2 is a schematic external view of a spraying device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a hopper and a transport mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a fixed-quantity transport mechanism.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a nozzle portion.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway sectional view of a nozzle portion.

FIG. 7 is an external sectional view of an annular member for forming a ventilation path.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a repeater.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1-Primary sprayed concrete layer 2-Waterproof layer 3-Lining concrete layer 4-Drainage groove 10-Hopper 20-Transport means 21-Rotor 22, 69-Spiral fin 23-Rotating means (drive motor, etc.) 25 -Bearing 26-Joint 30-Transport hose 40-Nozzle 42-Air introduction pipe 50-Annular member 51-Vent hole 53-Ventilation path 53-Introduction pipe 60-Rotor 61-Outer rotor 62-Inner rotor 63-Gear 64-Drive Motor 70-Flow path 80-Relay machine 81-Motor 82, 83-Gear 84-Housing 85-Flange part 86-Seal ring

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C09K 3/00 C09K 3/00 N 17/48 17/48 E21D 11/10 E21D 11/10 D 11/38 11/38 Z E21F 16/02 E21F 16/02 // C09K 103: 00 (72) Inventor Harumitsu Takizawa 3600, Kita-gaiyama, Komaki-shi, Aichi Prefecture Tokai Rubber Industries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Osamu Wakisaka Komaki-shi, Aichi Prefecture No. 3600, Gezu, Kitai-gai, Tokai Rubber Industries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Nagatsu, 3600, Geji, Kita-gai, Komatsu, Komaki, Aichi

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A spraying device sprays a foam-containing composition containing particles, a binder, and a foaming agent that keeps a mixture of the particles and the binder in a sprayable fluid state. Method of forming a permeable layer. 2. A binder having a porosity of 40 to 50% by volume and a binder having a porosity of 10 to 30% by volume and an amount sufficient to maintain a mixture of the particles and the binder in a sprayable fluid state. The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to claim 1, wherein the binder is cured after spraying the foam-containing composition containing the foaming agent on the construction surface with a spraying device. 3. The permeable layer has a permeability coefficient of 10 ^-2 cm / sec or more (according to the Tokyo method for drainable pavement) and a compressive strength of 5 kgf / c.
The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable layer has a m ² or more (JISA1216) or more. 4. The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to claim 1, wherein aggregate particles are used. 5. The aggregate is selected from one or more of silica sand, glass beads, ceramic cobblestone, wood chips, rubber chips, resin beads, metal grids, and calcium carbonate.
The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to the above. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein an adhesive is used as the binder. 7. The adhesive according to claim 6, wherein the adhesive is selected from an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a modified silicone resin, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion. A method for forming a permeable layer. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the foaming agent is selected from a surfactant. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. 10. The method for forming a water-permeable layer according to claim 1, further comprising a thickener and / or a thixotropic agent. 11. A hopper for receiving the cell-containing composition,
Conveying means for conveying the composition while holding the contained bubbles, having a conveying hose communicating with the conveying means, the conveying means has an elongated rotor provided with spiral fins and a rotating means thereof, and the rotor is It extends from the lower part of the hopper to the tip of the transfer hose, and is provided with a nozzle for ejecting the composition at the end of the transfer hose. Compressed air is introduced into the nozzle toward the nozzle port. A spray device for forming a water-permeable layer, wherein the spray device is provided with a vent hole. 12. The spraying device according to claim 11, wherein the transfer means forms a monopump type transfer function together with the transfer hose. 13. The spraying device according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of ventilation holes are annularly arranged along the nozzle opening, and are formed in the same direction as the spiral fin toward the nozzle opening. 14. A rotor at a lower portion of a hopper is formed by an outer rotor and an inner rotor, and the outer rotor has a cylindrical shape, and an inner rotor is coaxially mounted inside the outer rotor. Means are respectively provided, spiral fins are provided on the outer rotor outer circumference and the inner rotor outer circumference extending from the outer rotor and extending to the transfer hose, and the bubble-containing composition cut out quantitatively by rotation of the outer rotor is provided. The spraying device according to claim 11, 12 or 13, which is conveyed by rotation of an inner rotor. 15. A relay machine is provided in the middle of the transfer hose, and the relay machine is provided with auxiliary rotating means of a rotor,
The rotor is connected through the repeater.
15. The spraying device according to any one of claims 14 to 14. 16. The spraying device according to claim 11, wherein the rotor and the transfer hose are formed of a flexible elastic material.