JPH10218694A - Crop nutritive auxiliary and crop cultivation using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a crop nutritive auxiliary effective for crop growth promotion, greening and its period extension, capable of improving resistance to diseases, higher yield of fruiting and reduction in fruit dropping, improving fruit saccharinity and taste, improving flower color and rind luster, and longer storage duration of crops, etc., by using a fermented product with trehalose-contg. saccharides as the major ingredient. SOLUTION: This crop nutritive auxiliary comprises a fermented product with trehalose-contg. saccharides as the major ingredient. Specifically, the auxiliary is obtained by acetic acid fermentation of a mixture of trehalose-contg. saccharides and an alcohol for brewing use to form a vinegar with trehalose as the major ingredient. Alternatively, trehalose-contg. saccharides are subjected to alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic acid fermentation to form a vinegar with trehalose as the major ingredient. The concentration of this nutritive auxiliary when it is to be applied to crops is <=2wt.% in terms of the trehalose-contg. saccharides and the acidity is <=0.5% in terms of acetic acid, in the form of diluted aqueous solution. The usage of this auxiliary includes application to the surface of leaves and fruits and application to soil, or it is used in e.g. hydroponics through its addition to a liquid fertilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention utilizes vinegar, which is a food, and more specifically, promotes the growth of crops and replants crops by using a nutritional supplement consisting of fermented products containing trehalose-containing saccharides as components. It has the effect of extending the duration of crops, improving crop resistance, increasing fruit set and dropping, improving fruit sugar content and taste, improving flower color and luster, and improving crop shelf life. Are food crops, craft crops, green manure crops and horticultural crops,
Other temperate crops, tropical crops, subtropical crops, cold crops,
The present invention relates to a crop nutritional supplement using vinegar, which is an effective food for greenhouse crops, ornamental crops, medicinal crops, processing crops, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a crop is a plant cultivated on arable land for use in clothing, food and shelter.
Stems, leaves, flowers, roots, etc. are used. For example,
"Crops using leaves such as cabbage and tea", "Crops using stems such as asparagus and udo", "Sweet potatoes,
Crops that use roots and rhizomes, such as potatoes, "
There are "crops using flowers such as hops and saffron", "crops using seeds such as wheat, corn and soybean", and "crops using fruits such as cucumber, grapes and bananas". It is known that substances necessary for growing various crops are inorganic nutrients and sugar. Inorganic nutrients are taken in from the soil as nutrients and sugars are produced as photosynthesis. Although more than 30 species are known as basic elements involved in the growth, that is, elements contained in the body of a plant, 16 of them are essential elements indispensable for growth, and carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen, nitrogen,
It is a major element of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium and trace elements of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and chlorine. Although carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present in large amounts in crops, they are not usually required to be provided because of their abundant natural supply as air (carbon dioxide) and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are well known in particular as the three elements of fertilizers because of their relatively low abundance in soil and high response of plants to external supplementation. Sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron,
Copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine are not all abundant in the soil, but can be deficient due to the amount of forms readily available to the crop (available) and imbalance with other elements. is there. Elements other than carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are
Since all of these elements are generally absorbed as an aqueous solution from the soil, if the soil is deficient in these elements, the soil cannot maintain its productivity unless it is artificially supplied. Therefore, a large number of fertilizer products classified as special fertilizers from ordinary fertilizers have been used in the Fertilizer Control Law. On the other hand, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are converted into carbohydrates (sugars) by photosynthesis to form a plant skeleton, and carbohydrates are involved in the production of proteins and lipids. Carbohydrates are also important as an energy source for growth. This photosynthesis is known as a carbon dioxide fixing mechanism. Carbon dioxide will vary passed a series of reactions in carbohydrates (sugars) other compounds, but the first case a (C ₃ type plants) the first product carbon perform photosynthesis only Calvin acid cycle in three trioses product are divided into such CAM plant to be fixed as another case with dicarboxylic acids circuit (C ₄ type plants) and once malic acid Calvin acid cycle carbon is four dicarboxylic acids. The main sugars in this photosynthesis and glycolysis system are sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like. So far, it is not a legal fertilizer in order to promote the photosynthetic action of leaves, but it dissolves sucrose (sugar), glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), etc. under the name of a plant activator, etc. Giving has been done. For example, P70 of "Flower gardening dictionary" Asakura Shoten (issued October 25, 1986)
Reference numeral 2 shows a cut flower preservative (life-promoting agent) containing a drug, the main component of which is sucrose (sucrose) or glucose. Since organic acids are involved in photosynthesis and glycolysis, rice vinegar and brown rice vinegar containing organic acids have been used empirically.

In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted various studies on the effects of vinegar and saccharides containing vinegar on crop growth and the like, and as a result, have found that sucrose, glucose, Although the mechanism of action is unknown, such as fructose, etc., surprisingly, it has been found that a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component has excellent effects such as crop growth and the like. Reached.

Configuration of the Invention

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crop nutritional supplement comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. A crop cultivation method according to a second aspect uses the crop nutritional supplement according to the first aspect. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Trehalose is a natural carbohydrate that is abundantly contained in plants, insects, mushrooms, yeasts, and the like, and has a protective effect against drying and freezing. There are industrial methods for producing trehalose, such as a method of extracting from trehalose, a method of isolating trehalose from a bacterial culture that produces trehalose, and a method of genetically modifying trehalose in a plant body. . The trehalose-containing saccharide in the present invention has a trehalose content of more than 20/100 in the solid content, and its production method is not limited. Next, a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide used in the present invention is prepared in the following example. Vinegar as a fermented product comprising the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 3 as a component, for example,
Commercially available trehalose-containing saccharides (trehalose content 30
%) And a brewing alcohol (purity 95%) in pure water with an alcohol concentration of 5.5% v / v and a sugar concentration of 20% w.
/ W, and 1000 ml as a raw material. To this, 1 g of yeast extract, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of diammonium phosphate and seed vinegar Acetobacter acetyl (A
seed vinegar fermented liquid 30 of cetobacter aceti)
After adjusting the acidity to 1.5%, the temperature was 30 ° C.
The acetic acid fermentation was performed for 25 days. The acetic acid concentration after fermentation was 5.0% w / v, and the alcohol concentration was 0.3% v / v. This was filtered to remove the cells, and heat-treated at 75 ° C. to obtain vinegar containing trehalose as a component. This vinegar has an acidity of 5%, a salt-free soluble solid content of 18.8%, and 100 ml of vinegar
The sugar component per unit was 20.3 g of trehalose-containing saccharide and 6 g of trehalose. Vinegar as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 4 as a component, for example,
The above-mentioned commercially available saccharide containing a branched oligosaccharide is purified water with 3
Adjust to 0% w / w and use 1000 ml as raw material. The yeast Saccharomyces ellipsoidus (Sacch)
aromyces ellipoideus), yeast extract 1 g, monopotassium phosphate 0.5
g, 0.5 g of diammonium phosphate and added at a temperature of 25 to
Alcohol fermentation was performed at 30 ° C. for 10 days. The alcohol concentration after the fermentation was 6.5% v / v. This was heated at a temperature of 65 ° C. for 10 minutes to sterilize the yeast, and then the alcohol concentration was adjusted to 5.5% v / v. Next, Acetobacter aceta (seed vinegar)
Add 30 ml of acetic acid fermentation solution of eti) and add 1.5% acidity
Then, acetic acid fermentation was performed at a temperature of 35 to 40 ° C. for 10 days. The acetic acid concentration after fermentation was 4.5% w / v, and the alcohol concentration was 0.3% v / v. This was filtered to remove the cells, and heat-treated at 75 ° C. to obtain vinegar containing trehalose as a component. This vinegar had an acidity of 4.5%, a salt-free soluble solid content of 20%, and the sugar component per 100 ml of vinegar was 21.6 g of trehalose-containing saccharide and 10 g of trehalose. The crop cultivation method according to claim 5 indicates an action concentration of a crop nutritional supplement consisting of a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component, and a ratio diluted with water is 10 times or more, preferably 30 times or more. , Trehalose-containing saccharides at a concentration of 2% or less and acetic acid equivalent acidity of 0.5% or less. The method of using the crop nutritional supplement according to claim 6 is a method of acting as a foliar spray, a method of spraying the soil and acting by absorption from a root, or a method of adding to a liquid fertilizer in hydroponic cultivation. It is used by a method or the like. As a result, the nutritional supplements of the present invention include, for example, edible crops such as wheat, millet, millet, buckwheat, corn, soybean, adzuki bean, sweet potato, potato, cassava, cotton, hemp, flax,
Artifacts such as rush, mulberry, sugar beet, sugar cane, stevia, rapeseed, sesame, peanut, olive, safflower, saffron, tobacco, cherries, jojugiku, lavender, eucalyptus seedling, rosewood, peppermint, pepper, hops, tadeai, etc., astragalus, clover Forage crops such as green manure crops, red clover, conmon vetch, orchard grass, etc., turfgrass such as bentgrass, fescue, ryegrass, bermudagrass, wildgrass, blackgrass, etc., cucumber, white lily, pumpkin,
Makuwa, melon, watermelon, eggplant, tomato, pepper,
Bell pepper, okra, strawberry, fava bean, peas, kidney bean, edamame, bean sprouts, coffee, cocoa, lotus, kwai, ginger, yam, taro, yam, konjac, onion, leek, garlic, rakkyo, radish, carrot, panax ginseng ), Turnip, burdock, Chinese cabbage, tsukena, watercress, sardana, honeysuckle, blue crocodile, kaiware radish, komatsuna, gogatsuna, chingensai, mizuna, mustard, cabbage, komochikanran, hanayasai, lettuce, broccoli, celery, parsley, wasabi, dassia , Spring, ginger, salamander, shungiku, spinach, chard, asparagus, mushroom, bamboo shoot, mushroom, shiitake mushroom, nameko, enoki mushroom,
Vegetables such as oyster mushroom, agaric mushroom, apple, pear, hawthorn, quince, quince, peach, plum, cherry, apricot, plum, acerola, walnut, chestnut, pecan, almond, hazelnut, oyster, jujube, pomegranate, fig, loquat, banana , Pineapple, orange, lemon, citron, buntan, grapefruit, fruits such as Satsuma mandarin, summer tangerine, kumquat, grape, raspberry, currant, currant, cranberry, kiwi fruit, etc., and 1.2 as flower, such as sweet pea, morning glory, calendula
Plants such as annual grass, margaret, chrysanthemum, carnation, bulbs such as lily, tulip, cyclamen, roses, bamboo, sasa, hydrangea, etc., greenhouse plants such as saintpaulia, bougainvillea, hibiscus, palm, rubber, omoto etc. Houseplants, orchids such as cattleya, dendrobium, and banda; cacti and succulents such as crab cactus, euphorbia and aloe; carnivorous plants such as moss moss, musculus violet, nepenthes,
Aquatic plants such as water lily, lotus and oyster, aoki,
Variegated plants such as manli, camellia, calendula,
Fertilizing vines such as clematis and passiflora, palm plants such as kannonchik, shrchik and phoenix, other alpine plants, wild plants, herbs and seagrass, etc. to promote crop growth, crop greening and Instability such as prolonged, increased crop disease resistance, increased fruit set and reduced fruit drop, improved fruit sugar and taste, improved flower color and skin gloss, improved crop shelf life, and delayed cold damage in cold years It has a remarkable effect on cold district crops with many elements. A crop nutritional supplement consisting of a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide of the present invention has an effect on plants,
Although the phenomenal effects such as crop growth are clear, this may be due to the direct absorption and utilization of the crops, or the improvement of the physical properties of the soil, and the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The mechanism of action, whether due to prompting or the like, is currently unknown. Although the crop nutritional supplement according to claim 7 is in a liquid form, it can be made into a powder by a spray drying method. Also, peat, humic materials, charcoal, zeolites,
Powder can also be obtained by adsorbing on an adsorbing material such as vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, polyethyleneimine-based material, and polyvinyl alcohol-based material.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Examples.
The present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. [Example 1] Twelve strains of bentgrass were collected from the green of a golf course, and three strains of each of the sections A to D were obtained. For each plant, the leaf (aboveground) is 2 mm and the root (underground) is 1 cm
Cut into cubes of width. This was planted in a cultivation device consisting of a medium of sand green sand (no fertilizer), and a growing condition was observed by irrigating a crop nutritional supplement. Here, the vinegar as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to Section A, claim 3 as a component is diluted with water so as to have an acidity of 0.09% and a saccharide concentration of 0.4%, thereby obtaining a crop nutritional supplement. . Vinegar as the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 4 as the component B, was diluted with water so as to have an acidity of 0.09% and a saccharide concentration of 0.4% to obtain a crop nutritional supplement. For comparison, commercially available vinegar (rice vinegar) was diluted with water so as to have an acidity of 0.09%, and used as a crop nutritional supplement. D for comparison
Ward, whole sugar glucose (manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was diluted with water so as to have a sugar concentration of 0.4%, and used as a crop nutritional supplement. Bentgrass 1 m ² per each crop supplement 1
Water was irrigated three times at 0, 10, and 20 days at a rate of 000 ml, grown at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. for 30 days, and the lengths of bentgrass leaves and roots were measured. . Table 1 below shows the results of Examples A to D.

[Table 1] Growth results for bentgrass in A to D sections It can be seen that the growth of bentgrass is promoted in the section A and the section B, which are the crop nutritional supplements according to the present invention, with respect to the section C and the section D which are the control sections in Table 1 in comparison with the section C and the section D which are the crop nutritional supplements according to the present invention. This indicates that vinegar composed of a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide has a greater effect on crop nutrition.

The present invention described in detail above is based on the finding that a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component exhibits excellent physiological effects such as promotion of crop growth. The present invention is not only effective in greening crops and extending the period, but also provides a new use of vinegar, which is a food. According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the growth of a crop is promoted by using a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide, the crop is greened and its period is extended, the resistance to a disease of the crop is improved, and the fruit tree is set. It is possible to provide an effective crop nutritional supplement for increasing and decreasing the drop, improving the sugar content and taste of the fruit, improving the color and gloss of the flower, and improving the shelf life of the crop.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a crop cultivation method using a crop nutritional supplement comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. According to the invention described in claim 3, vinegar as a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component can be provided as a component of a crop nutritional supplement. According to the invention described in claim 4, vinegar as a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component can be provided as a component of a crop nutritional supplement. According to the invention described in claim 5, it is possible to provide an action concentration as a crop nutritional supplement that can effectively promote growth of crops. According to the invention described in claim 6, it is possible to provide a crop nutrient supplement suitable for spraying on foliage, for soil cultivation, and for hydroponics. According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a crop nutritional supplement which is a liquid or powdery crop nutritional supplement and can be easily applied to crops.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A crop nutritional supplement comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. 2. A crop cultivation method comprising cultivating a crop using a crop nutritional supplement comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. 3. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is vinegar obtained by subjecting a mixture of the trehalose-containing saccharide and brewing alcohol to acetic acid fermentation. 4. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is vinegar obtained by performing alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation using the trehalose-containing saccharide. 5. The concentration at which a crop nutritional supplement consisting of a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is 2% or less as the concentration of the trehalose-containing saccharide and 0.5% or less as the acidity in terms of acetic acid. The crop cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: 6. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, which is used for foliar application, soil cultivation, and hydroponic cultivation. 7. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, which is in a liquid or powder form.