JPH10338586A - Nutrient supplement for crop, and growing method of crop by using that nutrient supplement - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a nutrient supplement for crops which is effective to accelerate growth of crops, to tree-planting and to extend its period, to improve resistance against diseases of plants, to increase fructification of fruits, to decrease dropping of fruits, to increase sweetness and taste of fruits, to improve colors and gloss of flowers, to improve the shelf life of products by compounding oligosaccharides into an ion-exchanged acid soln. SOLUTION: The ion-exchanged acid, soln. is a soln. of pH<3 and consists of water treated with a cation exchange resin or water treated with a cation exchange membrane. The oligosaccharides include xylo-oligosaccharide, arrbinoxylo-oligosaccharide, nonreducing gluco-oligoscchrgide, glacto- oligosacharide, frocto-oligosaccharide, molato-oligosaccharide, gentio- oligosaccharide, isomalto-oligosaccharide, nigero-oligosaccharide, Theander- oligosaccharide, etc. To obtain the effect of the nutrient supplement for crops, the prepared nutrient supplement is diluted with water by >=10 times and controlled to have <=2% concn. of oligossaccharides and pH<=4.5 of the soln. The obtd. soln. is applied by spraying on leaves or fruits or on soils or user for slop culture.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the use of ion-exchange acidic water and saccharides. It is effective for greening and extending crops, improving crop resistance, increasing fruit set and dropping, improving fruit sugar and taste, improving flower color and luster, and improving crop shelf life. , More specifically food crops,
Vegetables, fruits, flowers, other temperate crops, tropical crops, subtropical crops, greenhouse crops, ornamental crops, medicinal crops, processing crops, etc. Related to crop nutritional supplements.

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a crop is a plant cultivated on arable land for use in clothing, food and shelter.
Stems, leaves, flowers, roots, etc. are used. For example,
"Crops using leaves such as cabbage and tea", "Crops using stems such as asparagus and udo", "Sweet potatoes,
Crops that use roots and rhizomes, such as potatoes, "
There are "crops using flowers such as hops and saffron", "crops using seeds such as wheat, corn and soybean", and "crops using fruits such as cucumber, grapes and bananas". It is known that substances necessary for growing various crops are inorganic nutrients and sugar. Inorganic nutrients are taken in from the soil as nutrients and sugars are produced as photosynthesis. Although more than 30 species are known as basic elements involved in the growth, that is, elements contained in the body of a plant, 16 of them are essential elements indispensable for growth, and carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen, nitrogen,
It is a major element of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium and trace elements of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and chlorine. Although carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present in large amounts in crops, they are not usually required to be provided because of their abundant natural supply as air (carbon dioxide) and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are well known in particular as the three elements of fertilizers because of their relatively low abundance in soil and high response of plants to external supplementation. Sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron,
Copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine are not all abundant in the soil, but can be deficient due to the amount of forms readily available to the crop (available) and imbalance with other elements. is there. Elements other than carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are
Since all of these elements are generally absorbed as an aqueous solution from the soil, if the soil is deficient in these elements, the soil cannot maintain its productivity unless it is artificially supplied. Therefore, a large number of fertilizer products classified as special fertilizers from ordinary fertilizers have been used in the Fertilizer Control Law. On the other hand, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are converted into carbohydrates (sugars) by photosynthesis to form a plant skeleton, and carbohydrates are involved in the production of proteins and lipids. Carbohydrates are also important as an energy source for growth. This photosynthesis is known as a carbon dioxide fixing mechanism. Carbon dioxide will vary passed a series of reactions in carbohydrates (sugars) other compounds, but the first case a (C ₃ type plants) the first product carbon perform photosynthesis only Calvin acid cycle in three trioses product are divided into such CAM plant to be fixed as another case with dicarboxylic acids circuit (C ₄ type plants) and once malic acid Calvin acid cycle carbon is four dicarboxylic acids. The main sugars in this photosynthesis and glycolysis system are sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like. So far, it is not a legal fertilizer in order to promote the photosynthetic action of leaves, but it dissolves sucrose (sugar), glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), etc. under the name of a plant activator, etc. Giving has been done. For example, P70 of "Flower gardening dictionary" Asakura Shoten (issued October 25, 1986)
Reference numeral 2 shows a cut flower preservative (life-promoting agent) containing a drug, the main component of which is sucrose (sucrose) or glucose. Since organic acids are involved in photosynthesis and glycolysis, rice vinegar and brown rice vinegar containing organic acids have been used empirically.

In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted various studies on the effects of acids or saccharides on crop growth and the like, and have found that sucrose,
The mechanism of action is unclear than glucose, fructose, etc., but surprisingly, it has been found that those obtained by mixing oligosaccharides with ion-exchange acidic water have excellent effects such as excellent crop growth, and the present invention It was completed.

Configuration of the Invention

The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1 is obtained by mixing oligosaccharides in ion-exchange acidic water as a crop nutritional supplement. A crop cultivation method according to a second aspect uses the crop nutritional supplement according to the first aspect. The ion exchange acidic water according to claim 3 has a hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 3 or less, and corresponds to a cation exchange resin treated water or a cation exchange membrane treated water. Cation exchange resin-treated water is a strongly acidic cation exchange resin in which a sulfonic acid group (—SO ₃ H) is bonded to a polymer substrate having a fine three-dimensional network structure, and a carboxylic acid group (—C
Water is passed through a packed column of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin or the like to which OOH has been bound. Cation-exchange membrane-treated water binds ion-exchange groups such as sulfonic acid groups and carboxylic acid groups to a sheet-like polymer substrate having a three-dimensional network structure in the same manner as a cation exchange resin, and converts the water into a film insoluble in a solvent. Through the membrane. The oligosaccharide according to claim 4 is blended, and its type, presence and the like will be described below. Xylooligosaccharides are obtained by enzymatically treating raw materials (corn cob, cottonseed shell, etc.)
Saccharification and purification of xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides (xylobiose, xylotriose, etc.). There are also arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides. Types of non-reducing gluco-oligosaccharides (existing)
There are trehalose (enzymatic conversion of mold, yeast, and starch), neotrehalose (koji juice), and isotrehalose (hydrol). For soybean oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides (stachyose, raffinose, etc.) are extracted and purified from soybean whey obtained by removing oil and protein from soybeans. Fructooligosaccharides are mainly enzyme transfer products of sugar (1-kestose, nystose, fructosyl nystose). There is also. Galactooligosaccharide is an enzymatic transfer product of lactose (4'-galactosyl lactose or 6'-galactosyl lactose). Maltooligosaccharides are also linear oligosaccharides and are enzymatically degraded products of starch (maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose). Nutrate oligosaccharide is an enzyme transfer product of sugar and lactose (lactosucrose). Gentiooligosaccharides are β-1,6′-glucooligosaccharides (gentiobiose, gentiotriose, etc.). Isomaltooligosaccharides are α-1,6′-glucooligosaccharides (branched oligosaccharides), but also include α-1,2′-glucooligosaccharides (kojibiose). Panose oligosaccharides are mainly composed of α-1,6′- and α-1,4′-glucooligosaccharides (panose, isopanose).
Nigerooligosaccharides are α-1,3′-glucooligosaccharides, but also include α-1,3′-, α-1,4′-glucooligosaccharides. Theanderoligosaccharide is an enzyme transfer product (theanderose) of sugar and maltooligosaccharide. Sugar-bound starch syrup is an enzyme transfer product of sugar and starch (glucosyl sucrose). Raffinose is a beet molasses isolate. Palatinose is an enzyme transfer product of sugar (isomaltulose), and may contain trehalulose (palatinose oligosaccharide). Lactulose is isomerized lactose. Sugar alcohol is hydrogenated maltose (maltitol), hydrogenated lactose (lactitol), hydrogenated palatinose (palatinit), hydrogenated syrup (reduced syrup), hydrogenated branched oligosaccharide (reduced) Branched oligosaccharides). The oligosaccharide content in the solid content of the oligosaccharide according to claim 5 is described in Table 1 with typical examples. In addition, the glucose used for comparison is also shown.

TABLE 1 Oligosaccharide content in solids of oligosaccharides according to the present invention The proportion of the oligosaccharide in the ion-exchange acidic water according to claim 6 is not more than 50% by weight of the oligosaccharide.
Desirably, 25% by weight or less is more suitable. For example, an experimental example of a crop nutritional supplement when the oligosaccharides and glucose shown in Table 1 are blended in the strongly acidic cation exchange resin-treated water according to claim 3 (using pH 2.6) so as to have a concentration of 20% by weight. It is shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Experimental examples of crop nutritional supplements according to the present invention The crop cultivation method according to claim 7 shows the action concentration of a crop nutritional supplement obtained by blending oligosaccharides with ion-exchanged acidic water, and the ratio diluted with water is 10 times or more, preferably 30 times or more. The oligosaccharide concentration is set to 2% or less and the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) is set to 4.5 or less. The method of using the crop nutritional supplement according to claim 8,
It is used by a method of applying it as a leaf surface spray, a method of applying it to soil by applying it to soil, or a method of adding it to liquid fertilizer in hydroponic cultivation. As a result, the crop nutritional supplement of the present invention includes, for example, edible crops such as rice, wheat, millet, millet, buckwheat, corn, soybean, adzuki, sweet potato, potato, cassava, cotton, asa, flax, rush, mulberry, Sugar beet, sugar cane, stevia, oilseed rape, sesame, peanut, olive, safflower, saffron, tobacco, cherries, jojugi, lavender, eucalyptus seedling, citrus,
Craft crops such as peppermint, pepper, hops, tadeai,
Green manure crops such as astragalus and clover, forage crops such as red clover, conmon vetch, orchardgrass, etc., turfgrass such as bentgrass, fescue, ryegrass, bermudagrass, nosyba, blackgrass, etc.
Cucumber, shirouri, pumpkin, makuwa, melon, watermelon, eggplant, tomato, capsicum, pepper, okra, strawberry, fava bean, peas, kidney bean, edamame,
Bean sprouts, coffee, cocoa, lotus, kwai, ginger,
Yamanoimo, taro, yam, konjac, onion, leek, garlic, rakkyo, radish, carrot,
Panax ginseng, turnip, burdock, Chinese cabbage, Tsukena, Watercress, Saladana, Mitsuba, Blue Gisso, Kaiware radish, Komatsuna, Gogatsuna, Chingensai,
Mizuna, mustard, cabbage, cabbage, komochikan orchid, Hanayasai, lettuce, broccoli, celery, parsley, wasabi, chishya, dokudami, spring, myoga, sansho, shungiku, spinach, chard, asparagus, mushroom, bamboo shoot, mushroom, mushroom , Vegetables such as enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, agaric mushroom, apple, pear, hawthorn, quince, karin, peach, plum, cherry, apricot, plum, acerola, walnut, chestnut, pecan, almond, hazel, oyster, jujube, pomegranate, ichiku, Loquat, banana, pineapple, orange, lemon, citron, buntan, grapefruit, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, kumquat, grape,
Fruits such as raspberries, currants, currants, cranberries, kiwifruits, etc. As flowers, 1.2-year grasses such as sweet pea, morning glory, and calendula, margaret, chrysanthemum, carnation, etc., lily, tulip,
Flowering plants such as bulbs such as cyclamen, roses, bamboo, sasa, hydrangea, greenhouse plants such as Saintpaulia, bougainvillea, hibiscus, houseplants such as palm, rubber, Omoto, orchids such as cattleya, dendrobium, banda,
Cacti and succulents such as crab cactus, euphorbia, aloe, carnivorous plants such as moss moss, musculus violet, nepenthes, aquatic plants such as water lily, lotus, oyster, variegated plants such as aoki, manrium, camellia, flour beetle, clematis, tokiso, etc. Fertilizing vines, palm trees such as kannonchik, shrochik and phoenix, other alpine plants, wild plants, Chinese herbs and seaweed, promotes the growth of crops, promotes greening of crops and extends the period, It has remarkable effects on improving resistance to diseases, increasing fruit set and decreasing fruit drop, improving sugar content and taste of fruits, improving flower color and skin luster, and improving crop shelf life. The crop nutritional supplement obtained by blending the oligosaccharides with the ion-exchange acidic water of the present invention has a clear effect on the plants, such as crop growth, which is directly absorbed and utilized by the crop. The mechanism of action is unclear at this time, whether by improving the physical properties of the soil and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. Although the crop nutritional supplement according to claim 9 is liquid, it can be made into powder by spray drying. The powder can also be made into a powder by adsorbing on an adsorbent material such as peat, humic acid material, charcoal, zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, polyethyleneimine-based material, and polyvinyl alcohol-based material.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Examples.
The present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. Example 1 (Crop Nutrition Supplement Test for Categories A to H) A crop nutrition supplement shown in Table 2 in which oligosaccharides were blended in ion-exchange acidic water, was prepared with a saccharide concentration of 0.4% and a hydrogen ion concentration (pH ) It was diluted with water so as to be 3.0 to 4.0 to obtain a crop nutritional supplement. Twenty-seven bentgrass strains were collected from the green of the golf course, and three strains were designated as A to H and R. For each plant, the leaf (aboveground part) is 2 mm, and the root (underground part)
Was cut into a cube having a width of 1 cm. This was planted in a cultivation device comprising a medium of sand green sand (no fertilizer), and the growth state was observed. Here, A section xylo-oligosaccharide, B section non-reducing glucooligosaccharide, C section soybean oligosaccharide, D section fructooligosaccharide, E section galacto-oligosaccharide, F section maltooligosaccharide, G section fructose oligosaccharide, and H section gentiooligosaccharide were used.
For comparison, the R section was glucose (control section). Crop nutritional supplement of the present invention 1000 per m ^{2 of} bentgrass
3 days after 0, 10, and 20 days in milliliters
The plants were irrigated and grown at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. for 30 days, and the lengths of leaves and roots of bentgrass were measured. Table 3 below shows the results of Examples A to H and R.

[Table 3] Growth results for bentgrass in A to H and R sections It can be seen that the growth of bentgrass is promoted in the crop nutritional supplements A to H according to the present invention with respect to the control group R (glucose) in Table 3 as compared with the control group R (glucose). This indicates that oligosaccharides have a greater effect on crop nutrition than glucose. [Example 2] (Crop nutrient supplement test according to categories I to Q) The test was performed using 30 bentgrass strains under the same method conditions as the crop nutrient supplement tests according to categories A to H. The oligosaccharides blended in the ion-exchange acidic water were isomaltooligosaccharides in section I, panose oligosaccharides in section J, nigerooligosaccharides in section K, theande-oligosaccharides in section L, sugar bound starch syrup in section M, raffinose in section N, palatinose in section O, and lactulose in section P. , Q-Sugar alcohol. For comparison, the R ′ section was glucose (control section). Table 4 below shows the results of Examples I to Q and R '.

[Table 4] Growth results for bentgrass in I-Q section and R 'section With respect to R ′ section (glucose) which is a control section in Table 4,
It can be seen that the growth of bentgrass is promoted in the I-Q sections, which are the crop nutritional supplement sections according to the present invention. This indicates that oligosaccharides have a greater effect on crop nutrition than glucose.

The present invention described in detail above is based on the finding that a mixture of ion-exchanged acidic water and oligosaccharides has excellent physiological effects such as promotion of crop growth. The present invention not only is effective for greening of crops and extending the period thereof, but also provides a new use of saccharides as foods. The present invention has the following effects.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the growth of crops is promoted by using a mixture of oligosaccharides in ion-exchanged acidic water, greening of the crops and extension of the period thereof, improvement of crop disease resistance, It is possible to provide an effective crop nutritional supplement for increasing fruit set and dropping of fruit trees, improving sugar content and taste of fruits, improving flower color and luster, improving the shelf life of crops, and the like. According to the invention described in claim 2, it is possible to provide a crop cultivation method using a crop nutritional supplement obtained by blending oligosaccharides in ion-exchange acidic water. According to the third aspect of the present invention, various kinds of ion-exchange acidic water can be provided as components of the crop nutritional supplement. According to the invention described in claim 4, various oligosaccharides can be provided as components of the crop nutritional supplement. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide an oligosaccharide content in solids as a crop nutritional supplement capable of effectively promoting growth of crops. According to the invention as set forth in claim 6, it is possible to provide a ratio of blending oligosaccharides with ion-exchange acidic water as a crop nutritional supplement that can effectively promote the growth of crops. According to the invention of claim 7, it is possible to provide an action concentration as a crop nutritional supplement that can effectively promote growth of crops and the like. Claim 8
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the described invention, it is possible to provide an appropriate crop nutritional supplement for spraying leaves, cultivating soil, and cultivating hydroponics. According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a crop nutritional supplement which is a liquid or powdery crop nutritional supplement and can be easily applied to crops.

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C05G 3/00 C05G 3/00 Z 5/00 5/00 A

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A crop nutritional supplement comprising oligosaccharides mixed with ion-exchange acidic water. 2. A crop cultivation method comprising cultivating a crop using a crop nutritional supplement comprising oligosaccharides mixed with ion-exchange acidic water. 3. The ion-exchange acidic water is water treated with a cation-exchange resin or a cation-exchange membrane, and the ion-exchange acidic water has a hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 3 or less. Item 8. The crop nutritional supplement according to Item 1. 4. The oligosaccharides are xylo-oligosaccharides, non-reducing gluco-oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, maltooligosaccharides, nectar oligosaccharides, gentio-oligosaccharides, isomaltoligosaccharides, panose oligosaccharides, nigerooligosaccharides, theanderoligosaccharides. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, which is one or a mixture of two or more selected from sugar-bound starch syrup, raffinose, palatinose, lactulose, and sugar alcohol. 5. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide has an oligosaccharide content in solids of more than 20/100. 6. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the oligosaccharide in the ion-exchange acidic water is 50% by weight or less in oligosaccharide concentration. 7. The concentration at which a crop nutritional supplement obtained by blending oligosaccharides with the ion-exchanged acidic water to act is 2% or less in terms of oligosaccharide concentration and hydrogen ion concentration (pH).
The crop cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the value is 4.5 or less. 8. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, which is used for foliar application, soil cultivation, and hydroponic cultivation. 9. The crop nutritional supplement according to claim 1, which is in a liquid or powder form.