JPH10208742A - Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery excellent in high capacity, long life, lowering of overvoltage at the time of charging/discharging, the rate characteristic, self- discharge characteristic and safety, etc., by using a compound oxide as a positive active material of a battery which is capable of reversibly performing plural numbers of times of charging/discharging, more particularly, a secondary battery for which a non-aqueous electrolyte is used. SOLUTION: As a positive electrode active material of a battery which uses a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium salt and is capable of reversibly performing plural numbers of times of charging/discharging a compound oxide shown by a general formula of Aw Dv Nix Aly O2 (A is at least one kind selected among alkali metals; D is at least one kind selected among Mg, B, Ga; w, v, x, y are numbers that satisfy 0.05<=w<=1.2, 0.001<=v<=0.2, 0.5<=x<=0.9, 0.1<y<=0.5, respectively) is used. The A in the formula is Li, Na, K, for instance, and Li is most preferable. As the D, a combination of Mg and B or a combination of Mg and Ga is preferable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery that can be reversibly charged and discharged a plurality of times, and more particularly to a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, secondary batteries have become one of the essential components that are indispensable as power sources for personal computers and mobile phones, or as power sources for electric vehicles and power storage.

A portable computer (including a pen computer) and a personal digital assistant (Personal Digita)
l Assistant or Personal Intelligent Communic
A demand for mobile communication (mobile computing) such as an ator or a hand-held communicator includes miniaturization and weight reduction. However, it is difficult to make the system compact and lightweight because of the high power consumed by the backlight and drawing control of the liquid crystal display panel, and the fact that the capacity of the secondary battery is still insufficient at present. It is in.

[0004] Further, with the increase of global environmental problems, electric vehicles that do not emit exhaust gas and noise have attracted attention.
However, current batteries have problems such as short running distance, poor acceleration, small space in the vehicle, and poor stability of the vehicle body due to low energy density and low output density.

[0005] Among secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries using a non-aqueous electrolyte are particularly attracting attention because of their high voltage, light weight, and high energy density. As the positive electrode material of this secondary battery, conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polyacene, and polyparaphenylene, and Li _x C
oO ₂ , Li _x NiO ₂ , Li _x Mn ₂ O ₄ , Li _x DwO ₂ ,
Oxides of transition metals such as V ₂ O ₅ , Cr ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ ,
Chalcogenite compounds such as TiS ₂ and MoS ₂ are typical. Particularly, the positive electrode of a secondary battery such as Li _x CoO ₂ or Li _x NiO ₂ disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-136131 is Li
When a metal is used as the negative electrode, a high energy density can be expected because it has an electromotive force of 4 V or more. However, these cannot be said to have sufficient performance in terms of overvoltage at charge / discharge, self-discharge characteristics, high temperature characteristics, and the like, in addition to the fact that actually usable capacity is still low or the life is short. In addition, there is also a problem in terms of safety such that the positive electrode active material is decomposed by heat during overcharge, causing thermal runaway, and the battery ignites and explodes. Conventionally, various active material compositions have been proposed in order to achieve higher capacity and longer life of a positive electrode. For example, to improve the cycle characteristics, a positive electrode active material is represented by a chemical formula Li _x MO ₂ (M represents one or more elements selected from Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn)
In the use of the lithium-containing composite oxide represented (JP-A-2-306022), or the formula Li _x M _y Ge
_z O _p (M is Co, Ni, 1 or more transition metal elements selected from Mn, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.3,0.8 ≦ y ≦ 2.0,
The use of a composite oxide represented by 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 0.2, 2.0 ≦ p ≦ 4.5) is disclosed (JP-A-7-29603). Further, the cycle characteristics, as to improve the self-discharge _{characteristics, A x M y N z O} 2 (A is at least one selected from alkali metal, M is a transition metal, N represents Al, In , Sn, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10, 0.85 ≦ y ≦
1.00, 0.001 ≦ z ≦ 0.10) (JP-A-7-176302).
To improve capacity and cycle characteristics, Li _y N
i _(1-x) M _x O ₂ (M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, and W; 0 <x <1,0.
It discloses that a composite oxide represented by 9 ≦ y ≦ 1.3) is used (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-283174).

[0006]

The positive electrode active material has the formula L
i _x MO ₂ (M is Co, Ni, Fe, represents one or more elements selected from among Mn) when using a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the cycle life is improved. However, it is hard to say that the characteristics are sufficient in terms of capacity. In addition, it has disadvantages such as a decrease in voltage. A _x M _y
N _z O ₂ (A is at least one selected from alkali metals, M is a transition metal, N is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, In and Sn, and 0.05 ≦ x
≤ 1.10, 0.85 ≤ y ≤ 1.00, 0.001 ≤ z ≤
When the composite oxide represented by 0.10) is used, the cycle life is similarly improved, but the capacity that can be actually used for charging and discharging is reduced, so that the capacity cannot be increased. Chemical positive electrode active material formula _{Li x M y Ge z O p} (M is Co, Ni, M
one or more transition metal elements selected from n, 0.9 ≦ x ≦
1.3, 0.8 ≦ y ≦ 2.0, 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 0.2, 2.0 ≦
When the composite oxide represented by p ≦ 4.5) is used, the capacity and the cycle life are improved. However, the thermal runaway reaction during overcharge cannot be suppressed. Li _y Ni
_(1-x) M _x O ₂ (M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, and W; 0 <x <1, 0.9
The same applies to the case where a composite oxide represented by ≦ y ≦ 1.3) is used. In this way, the positive electrode material for secondary batteries is effective in all aspects of battery characteristics such as high capacity, long life, low overvoltage during charge / discharge, rate characteristics, self-discharge characteristics, high temperature characteristics, and safety improvement. Little improvement has been found.

An object of the present invention is to improve these battery characteristics of a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.

[0008]

Battery and the positive electrode of the present invention According to an aspect of the general formula AwDvNi _x Al _y O ₂ (where A is at least one selected from an alkali metal, D is Mg, B,
At least one selected from Ga, w, v, x,
y is 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2, 0.001 ≦ v ≦ 0.0, respectively.
2, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and 0.1 <y ≦ 0.5).

The novel positive electrode active material of the present invention has the general formula AwD
vNi _x Al _y O ₂ , wherein A is at least one selected from alkali metals, for example, Li, N
a and K, of which Li is preferable. The value of w varies depending on the charge state and the discharge state, and the range is 0.05 ≦ w ≦
1.2. In other words, deintercalation of A ions occurs due to charging and the value of w decreases, and intercalation of A ions occurs and discharging increases the value of w.

D represents at least one kind selected from Mg, B, and Ga. Among them, a combination of Mg and B or a combination of Mg and Ga is preferable. The value of v does not fluctuate due to charging and discharging, but is in the range of 0.001 ≦ v ≦ 0.2. If the value of v is less than 0.001, B or Mg
Alternatively, the effect of Ga is not sufficiently exhibited, and the cyclability in deep charge and deep discharge for obtaining a high capacity is poor, and the capacity is undesirably reduced. On the other hand, if the value of v exceeds 0.2, a single phase cannot be obtained, and a phase having a low capacity appears, which is not preferable because the capacity is reduced.

The value of x representing the amount of Ni is 0.5 ≦ x
≦ 0.9. When the value of x is less than 0.5, the capacity is significantly reduced, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the value of x exceeds 0.9, the cyclability in deep charging and deep discharging is poor, which is not preferable.

The value of y representing the amount of Al is 0.1 <y
≦ 0.5. If the value of y is 0.1 or less, the effect of Al is not sufficiently exerted, the cycleability in deep charge and deep discharge is poor, the thermal stability is poor, and the safety is poor. If the value of y exceeds 0.5, the capacity is undesirably reduced.

Examples of the electrolyte include propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate,
Diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate,
1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, gisanmethyl, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate,
Phosphate triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, diethyl ether, 1,3-propanesultone, sulfolane, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone,
At least one non-aqueous solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, a tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan, 1,2-diethoxyethane, and a halide thereof; and a lithium salt such as LiClO ₄ , Li
BF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiA
sF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlCl ₄ ,
A mixed solution of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, lithium tetraphenylborate, and the like; and a mixed solution of these mixed solutions and a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile By using a gel electrolyte mixed with at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene, the positive electrode of the present invention exhibits good characteristics.

By using an alkali metal, an alloy containing an alkali metal, and a substance capable of reversibly storing and releasing alkali metal ions for the negative electrode, the positive electrode of the present invention exhibits excellent characteristics. Among the alkali metals, metal Li is preferable. For alloys containing alkali metals, lithium-lead alloy, lithium-
A tin alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-silicon alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, a lithium-gallium alloy, or a combination of a plurality of these are preferred. Materials that can reversibly occlude and release alkali metal ions include graphite, graphite, carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, carbon black, and other carbon materials.
An oxide or chalcogen compound of a metal such as silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium, or lead may be added to these carbon materials or lithium alloy materials.
Carrying or plating an oxide or chalcogen compound containing an IVb or Vb group atom, or an amorphous material thereof;
Or a fused composite material, a conductive polymer material such as polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, polyacetylene, disulfide compound, Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ , Li _x Fe ₃
O ₄ , Li _x WO ₂ , oxides containing group IIIb, IVb and Vb atoms, chalcogen compounds, and amorphous materials thereof are preferred.

The use of the reversibly chargeable / dischargeable battery of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, notebook personal computers, pen input personal computers, pocket personal computers, notebook word processors, pocket word processors, electronic book players, mobile phones, cordless phones Phone handset, pager, handy terminal, portable copy, electronic organizer, calculator, LCD TV, electric shaver, power tool, electronic translator, car phone, transceiver, voice input device, memory card, backup power supply, tape recorder, radio, Power supply for equipment such as headphone stereo, portable printer, handy cleaner, portable CD, video movie, navigation system, refrigerator, air conditioner, television, stereo, water heater, oven microwave oven, dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, game Equipment, lighting equipment, toys It can be used load conditioners, medical equipment, automobiles, electric automobiles, golf carts, electric cart, as a power source, such as a power storage system. It can be used not only for civilian purposes but also for military use and space.

AwDvNi _x Al _y O ₂ (where A is at least one selected from alkali metals, D is at least one selected from Mg, B and Ga,
w, v, x, y are respectively 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2, 0.0
01 ≦ v ≦ 0.2, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 <y ≦ 0.
The use of the composite oxide represented by (5) indicates higher capacity, longer life, lower overvoltage during charge / discharge, improvement in rate characteristics, self-discharge characteristics, high-temperature characteristics, safety, etc. High performance can be achieved in all aspects of battery characteristics.
In addition, by using the electrode of the present invention and a battery using the same in various systems, the system can be made compact and lightweight. In addition, it can be applied to a system that requires charging and discharging at a high rate.

The operation of the present invention will be specifically described. Since Al is a typical element, it does not cause an oxidation-reduction reaction in charge and discharge unlike Ni, so that the life can be extended by the pillar effect. Since Mg, Ga, and Al have the function of increasing the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material, the overvoltage during charging and discharging can be reduced. In addition, since B and Al have smaller ionic radii than Ni ions, substitution of these Ni sites causes the lattice volume of the positive electrode active material to shrink, thereby suppressing collapse due to expansion of the lattice volume during charging and extending the life. Can be done. Since Al, Mg, and B have low oxygen releasing ability and exist stably as oxides, they have excellent high-temperature characteristics and can improve safety. In addition, since Mg has a valence different from that of the main constituent ions Ni and Li, the electronic structure in the crystal changes, and an improvement in electron conductivity and ion conductivity is expected. , And higher capacity can be achieved. Since Mg has a smaller ionic radius than Li ions, the substitution of the Li site with the Li ions causes the lattice volume of the positive electrode active material to contract, thereby suppressing collapse due to expansion of the lattice volume during charging and extending the life. . And M
Since g has a pinning effect after Li is released by substitution with the Li site, the contraction of the lattice that occurs at the end of charging is suppressed, and there is no stress on the lattice, and the life can be extended.

[0018] LiClO ₄ in a lithium salt as a combination of the general formula AwDvNi _x Al _y O positive electrode using a positive electrode active substance represented by ₂ of the present invention and the electrolyte solution, LiBF _4, LiPF
₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiAsF ₆ , L
iSbF ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiC
When l, LiBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, and lithium tetraphenylborate are used, they show excellent temperature characteristics. Especially Li
When at least one of BF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , and LiCF ₃ CO ₂ is used, the elution of the D element in the positive electrode active material of the present invention is suppressed even at 60 ° C. Demonstrates excellent effect on high temperature characteristics.

The general formula AwDvNi _x Al _{y of the} present invention
As a combination of a positive electrode using a positive electrode active material represented by O ₂ and an electrolyte, propylene carbonate, a propylene carbonate derivative, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl are used as solvents. Carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile,
Nitromethane, gisan methyl, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, phosphoric acid triester,
Trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, diethyl ether, 1,3-propanesultone, sulfolane, 3-
Methyl-2-oxazolidinone, tetrahydrofuran,
When a tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan, or 1,2-diethoxyethane is used, it shows excellent life characteristics. In particular, propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane,
When at least one of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxide is used, an irreversible reaction between the positive electrode active material of the present invention and a solvent is suppressed, so that an effect with excellent life characteristics is exhibited.

Furthermore, the general formula AwDvNi _x A of the present invention
By a solvent containing a halide of the solvent as a combination of a positive electrode and the electrolyte solution used a positive electrode active substance represented by l _y O _2, safety is greatly improved. Particularly, propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide Part of the element
_{F, -CF, -CF 2, -CF} 3, -Cl, -CCl, -
When at least one of those replaced with CCl ₂ or —CCl ₃ is used, the exothermic reaction between the cathode active material of the present invention and the solvent under overcharge conditions is suppressed, the establishment of ignition is significantly reduced, and Show safety.

As a combination of a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material represented by the general formula AwDvNi _x Al _y O ₂ of the present invention and an electrolytic solution, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyfluoride is added to the above mixed solution of a lithium salt and a solvent. When a gel electrolyte mixed with at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylidene, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene is used, the positive electrode active material of the present invention and the gel electrolyte are subjected to overcharge conditions. Exothermic reaction is suppressed,
Significantly reduced ignition probability, indicating high safety. In addition, in the combination of the positive electrode active material of the present invention and the gel electrolyte, even at a high potential of 4.5 V, the positive electrode active material of the present invention can be charged, so that the capacity can be increased.

[0022] Formula AwDvNi _x Al _y O ₂ metal in the negative electrode as a combination of positive and negative electrodes using the positive electrode active material represented by Li of the present invention, a lithium - lead alloy, lithium - tin alloy, a lithium - aluminum alloy, When using lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-gallium alloy, graphite, graphite, carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, carbon black Since the reactant generated during overdischarge in the negative electrode material does not react with the positive electrode active material of the present invention, the life characteristics are excellent.

In the above-mentioned carbon material, oxides or chalcogen compounds of metals such as silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium and lead, oxides or chalcogen compounds containing atoms of groups IIIb, IVb and Vb of the periodic table, or these compounds In the case where the positive electrode of the present invention is combined with an amorphous material-supported, plated, or fused composite material, the discharge curve decreases linearly, so that the remaining capacity can be easily determined,
The life is prolonged because overdischarge is unlikely.

Further, Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ , Li _x Fe ₃ O ₄ , L
i _x WO _3, the periodic table IIIb, IVb, oxide containing Group Vb atoms, a chalcogen compound, when combined with the positive electrode, the longer life because of its excellent over discharge characteristics of these and the present invention amorphous material Can be achieved.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples unless it exceeds the gist of the invention.

(Example 1) A material having the composition shown in Table 1 was used as a positive electrode material, and graphite was used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and the weight ratio was adjusted to 88: 7: 5. The mixture was kneaded for 30 minutes with a grinder and then applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil. 9 artificial graphite as negative electrode material
A mixture prepared by preparing 3% by weight and 7% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was applied to both surfaces of a 30 μm thick copper foil. The positive and negative electrodes were roll-formed by a press, and the terminals were spot-welded and then vacuum-dried at 150 ° C. for 5 hours. A positive electrode and a negative electrode were laminated with a microporous polypropylene separator interposed therebetween, spirally wound, and inserted into an aluminum battery can. The negative electrode terminal was welded to the battery can, and the positive electrode terminal was welded to the battery lid. As the electrolytic solution, a solution prepared by dissolving 1 mol of LiPF ₆ in 1 liter of a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was used, and the solution was injected into the battery can. The battery cover was swaged to produce a cylindrical battery having a capacity of 1400 mAh.
The battery was charged at 280 mA to 4.2 V and then charged and discharged at a constant current of 280 mA to 2.7 V, and the capacity, life, rate characteristics, overcharge test, and nail penetration test were evaluated.
Table 1 shows the results.

[0027]

[Table 1]

(Comparative Example 1) The materials shown in Table 1 were used as positive electrode materials, graphite was used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and the weight ratio was 88: 7: 5. After 30 minutes of mixing, the mixture was applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil. A mixture prepared by preparing 93% by weight of artificial graphite as a negative electrode material and 7% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was applied to both surfaces of a copper foil having a thickness of 30μ.
A battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The capacity, life, rate characteristics, overcharge test, and nail penetration test were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results. There is an extremely low characteristic as compared with the first embodiment.

[0029]

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize high safety, compactness and light weight, good high-rate characteristics and long life of the battery and the system.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shuko Yamauchi 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Masanori Yoshikawa 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi Research Laboratories, Hitachi, Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, which can be charged and discharged a plurality of times reversibly.
As a cathode active material, the general formula AwDvNi _x Al _y O ₂ (where A is at least one selected from an alkali metal, D is Mg, B, G
a, w, v, x, y
Are 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2 and 0.001 ≦ v ≦ 0.0, respectively.
2, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, and 0.1 <y ≦ 0.5) and a battery using the same. 2. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode is at least one lithium alloy material selected from the group consisting of a lithium-lead alloy, a lithium-tin alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-silicon alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, and a lithium-gallium alloy. Or graphite, graphite, carbon fiber,
At least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, carbon black, and / or these carbon materials or lithium alloy materials; Oxides or chalcogen compounds of silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium, lead, oxides or chalcogen compounds containing Group IIIb, IVb or Vb atoms, carrying, plating or fusing these amorphous materials At least one composite material selected from the group consisting of materials and / or at least one conductive polymer material selected from the group consisting of polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, polyacetylene, and disulfide compounds; and / or Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ ,
Li _x Fe ₃ O ₄ , Li _x WO ₂ , Periodic Tables IIIb, IVb, V
The battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one inorganic material selected from the group consisting of an oxide containing a group b atom, a chalcogen compound, and an amorphous material thereof is used. 3. An electrolyte comprising propylene carbonate,
Propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-
Dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, gisanmethyl, methyl acetate,
Methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative,
Diethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, sulfolane, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan,
At least one non-aqueous solvent selected from the group consisting of 1,2-diethoxyethane and / or a halide thereof, and LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , Li
CF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiAsF ₆ , LiSb
F ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiCl, L
A mixed solution of at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of iBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, and lithium tetraphenylborate, or a mixed solution thereof, and polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide The battery according to claim 1, wherein a gel electrolyte mixed with at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene is used. 4. A notebook personal computer, a pen input personal computer, a pocket personal computer, a notebook word processor, a pocket word processor,
E-book player, mobile phone, cordless phone handset, pager, handy terminal, mobile copy, electronic organizer, calculator, liquid crystal television, electric shaver, power tool, electronic translator, car phone, transceiver, voice input device,
Memory card, backup power supply, tape recorder, radio, headphone stereo, portable printer, handy cleaner, portable CD, video movie, navigation system, refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, stereo, water heater, oven microwave, dishwasher, washing machine, The battery used in claim 1 for a dryer, a game device, a lighting device, a toy, a road conditioner, a medical device, an automobile, an electric vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, and a power storage system.