JPH10208744A - Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery excellent in high capacity, long life, lowering of overvoltage at the time of charging/discharging, a rate characteristic, a self-discharge characteristic and safety, etc., by using a compound oxide as a positive electrode active material of a battery which is capable of reversibly performing plural numbers of times of charging/discharging, more particularly, a secondary battery for which non-aqueous electrolyte is used. SOLUTION: As a positive electrode active material of a battery which uses a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium salt and is capable of reversibly performing plural numbers of times of charging/discharging, a compound oxide shown by a general formula: Aw Dv Nix Aly Nz O2 (A is at least one kind selected among alkali metal; D is at least one kind selected among Mg and B; N is at least one kind selected among Si, Ca, Cu, P, In, Sn, Mo, Nb, Y, Bi, Ga; w, v, x, y, z satisfy 0.05<=w<=1.2, 0.001<=v<=0.2, 0.5<=x<=0.9, 0.1<y<=0.5, 0.001<=z<=0.02, respectively) is used. As the A, Li is preferable. As the D, a combination of Mg and B is preferable. As the N, Si, Ca or Ga is preferable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery that can be reversibly charged and discharged a plurality of times, and more particularly to a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, secondary batteries have become one of the essential components that are indispensable as power sources for personal computers and mobile phones, or as power sources for electric vehicles and power storage.

A portable computer (including a pen computer) and a personal digital assistant (Personal Digita)
l Assistant or Personal Intelligent Communic
A demand for mobile communication (mobile computing) such as an ator or a hand-held communicator includes miniaturization and weight reduction. However, it is difficult to make the system compact and lightweight because of the high power consumed by the backlight and drawing control of the liquid crystal display panel, and the fact that the capacity of the secondary battery is still insufficient at present. It is in.

[0004] Further, with the increase of global environmental problems, electric vehicles that do not emit exhaust gas and noise have attracted attention.
However, current batteries have problems such as short running distance, poor acceleration, small space in the vehicle, and poor stability of the vehicle body due to low energy density and low output density.

[0005] Among secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries using a non-aqueous electrolyte are particularly attracting attention because of their high voltage, light weight, and high energy density. As the positive electrode material of this secondary battery, conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polyacene, and polyparaphenylene, and Li _x C
oO ₂ , Li _x NiO ₂ , Li _x Mn ₂ O ₄ , Li _x FeO ₂ ,
Oxides of transition metals such as V ₂ O ₅ , Cr ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ ,
Chalcogenite compounds such as TiS ₂ and MoS ₂ are typical. In particular, the positive electrode of a secondary battery such as Li _x CoO ₂ or Li _x NiO ₂ disclosed in JP-A-55-136131 is L
When i-metal is used as the negative electrode, a high energy density can be expected since it has an electromotive force of 4 V or more. However, these cannot be said to have sufficient performance in terms of overvoltage at charge / discharge, self-discharge characteristics, high temperature characteristics, and the like, in addition to the fact that actually usable capacity is still low or the life is short. In addition, there is also a problem in terms of safety such that the positive electrode active material is decomposed by heat during overcharge, causing thermal runaway, and the battery ignites and explodes. Conventionally, various active material compositions have been proposed in order to achieve higher capacity and longer life of a positive electrode.
For example, an improvement in cycle characteristics is represented by a chemical formula Li _x MO ₂ (M represents one or more elements selected from Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn) in a positive electrode active material. Using a lithium-containing composite oxide
2-306022 JP), or the formula Li _x M _y Ge _z O _p
(M is one or more transition metal elements selected from Co, Ni and Mn, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.3, 0.8 ≦ y ≦ 2.0, 0.0
The use of a composite oxide represented by 1 ≦ z ≦ 0.2, 2.0 ≦ p ≦ 4.5) is disclosed (JP-A-7-29603). Further, the cycle characteristics, as to improve the self-discharge _{characteristics, A x M y N z O} 2 (A is at least one selected from alkali metal, M is a transition metal,
N represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, In, and Sn, and 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10, 0.85 ≦ y ≦ 1.0.
(0.001 ≦ z ≦ 0.10) (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 7-176302), and Li _y Ni
_(1-x) M _x O ₂ (M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo and W, 0 <x <1, 0.9
≦ y ≦ 1.3) (JP-A-6-283174).

[0006]

The positive electrode active material has the formula L
i _x MO ₂ (M is Co, Ni, Fe, represents one or more elements selected from among Mn) when using a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the cycle life is improved. However, it is hard to say that the characteristics are sufficient in terms of capacity. In addition, it has disadvantages such as a decrease in voltage. A _x M _y
N _z O ₂ (A is at least one selected from alkali metals, M is a transition metal, N is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, In and Sn, and 0.05 ≦ x
≤ 1.10, 0.85 ≤ y ≤ 1.00, 0.001 ≤ z ≤
When the composite oxide represented by 0.10) is used, the cycle life is similarly improved, but the capacity that can be actually used for charging and discharging is reduced, so that the capacity cannot be increased. Chemical positive electrode active material formula _{Li x M y Ge z O p} (M is Co, Ni, M
one or more transition metal elements selected from n, 0.9 ≦ x ≦
1.3, 0.8 ≦ y ≦ 2.0, 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 0.2, 2.0 ≦
When the composite oxide represented by p ≦ 4.5) is used, the capacity and the cycle life are improved. However, the thermal runaway reaction during overcharge cannot be suppressed. Li _y Ni
_(1-x) M _x O ₂ (M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo and W, 0 <x <1, 0.9
The same applies to the case where a composite oxide represented by ≦ y ≦ 1.3) is used. In this way, the positive electrode material for secondary batteries is effective in all aspects of battery characteristics such as high capacity, long life, low overvoltage during charge / discharge, rate characteristics, self-discharge characteristics, high temperature characteristics, and safety improvement. Little improvement has been found.

An object of the present invention is to improve battery characteristics of a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.

[0008]

Battery and the positive electrode of the present invention According to an aspect of the general formula _{AwDvNi x Al y N z O 2} ( where A is at least one selected from an alkali metal, D is Mg,
B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Si and C
a, Cu, P, In, Sn, Mo, Nb, Y, Bi, G
represents at least one selected from a, w, v, x,
y and z are respectively 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2, 0.001 ≦ v
≦ 0.2, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 <y ≦ 0.5, 0.0
(Representing the number of 01 ≦ z ≦ 0.2).

The novel positive electrode active material of the present invention has the general formula AwD
vNi _x Al _y N _z be those represented by O _2, at least one A is selected from alkali metals, for example Li, N
a and K, of which Li is preferable. The value of w varies depending on the charge state and the discharge state, and the range is 0.05 ≦ w ≦
1.2. That is, the charge causes deintercalation of A ions and the value of w decreases, and the discharge causes intercalation of A ions and increases the value of w.

D represents Mg and / or B;
Among them, a combination of Mg and B is preferable. The value of v does not fluctuate due to charging and discharging, but is in the range of 0.001 ≦ v ≦ 0.2. When the value of v is less than 0.001, the effect of B or Mg is not sufficiently exhibited, the cycleability in deep charge and deep discharge for obtaining a high capacity is poor, and the capacity is undesirably reduced. On the other hand, if the value of v exceeds 0.2, a single phase cannot be obtained, and a phase having a low capacity appears, which is not preferable because the capacity is reduced.

The value of x representing the amount of Ni is 0.5 ≦ x
≦ 0.9. When the value of x is less than 0.5, the capacity is significantly reduced, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the value of x exceeds 0.9, the cyclability in deep charging and deep discharging is poor, which is not preferable.

The value of y representing the amount of Al is 0.1 <y
≦ 0.5. If the value of y is 0.1 or less, the effect of Al is not sufficiently exerted, the cycleability in deep charge and deep discharge is poor, the thermal stability is poor, and the safety is poor. If the value of y exceeds 0.5, the capacity is undesirably reduced.

N is Si, Ca, Cu, P, In, Sn,
At least one selected from Mo, Nb, Y, Bi, and Ga
Species, preferably Si, Ca, Cu, Sn, P, In,
It is at least one selected from Ga, and more preferably at least one selected from Si, Ca, and Ga. The value of z does not change depending on the state of charge and the state of discharge, and the range is 0.001 ≦ z ≦ 0.2. The value of z is 0.00
If it is less than 1, the effects of the above elements are not sufficiently exhibited,
It is not preferable because the cycleability in deep charging and deep discharging is poor, and the thermal stability is poor and the safety is poor. On the other hand, when the value of z exceeds 0.2, the overvoltage during charging and discharging is high, and a single phase cannot be obtained, and a low-capacity phase appears.

The electrolyte may be, for example, propylene carbonate, a propylene carbonate derivative, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate,
Gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2
-Dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,
Dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, gisanemethyl, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, diethyl ether, At least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanesultone, sulfolane, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan, 1,2-diethoxyethane, and halides thereof. The above non-aqueous solvent and lithium salt such as LiClO ₄ and LiB
F ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , L
iAsF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlC
l ₄ , a mixed solution of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, lithium tetraphenylborate, and the like; By using a gel electrolyte mixed with a polymer, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene, Shows good characteristics.

By using an alkali metal, an alloy containing an alkali metal, and a substance capable of reversibly storing and releasing alkali metal ions for the negative electrode, the positive electrode of the present invention exhibits excellent characteristics. Among the alkali metals, metal Li is preferable. For alloys containing alkali metals, lithium-lead alloy, lithium-
A tin alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-silicon alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, a lithium-gallium alloy, or a combination of a plurality of these are preferred. Materials that can reversibly store and release alkali metal ions include graphite, graphite, carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, carbon black, and other carbon materials.
To these carbon materials or lithium alloy materials, tin,
Oxides or chalcogen compounds such as silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium, lead, etc., Periodic Table IIIb, IV
carrying or plating an oxide or chalcogen compound containing group b and Vb atoms, or an amorphous material thereof;
Or a fused composite material, a conductive polymer material such as polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, polyacetylene, disulfide compound, Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ , Li _x Fe ₃
O ₄ , Li _x WO ₂ , oxides containing group IIIb, IVb and Vb atoms, chalcogen compounds, and amorphous materials thereof are preferred.

The use of the reversibly chargeable / dischargeable battery of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, notebook personal computers, pen input personal computers, pocket personal computers, notebook word processors, pocket word processors, electronic book players, mobile phones, cordless phones Phone handset, pager, handy terminal, portable copy, electronic organizer, calculator, LCD TV, electric shaver, power tool, electronic translator, car phone, transceiver, voice input device, memory card, backup power supply, tape recorder, radio, Power supply for equipment such as headphone stereo, portable printer, handy cleaner, portable CD, video movie, navigation system, refrigerator, air conditioner, television, stereo, water heater, oven microwave oven, dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, game Equipment, lighting equipment, toys It can be used load conditioners, medical equipment, automobiles, electric automobiles, golf carts, electric cart, as a power source, such as a power storage system. It can be used not only for civilian purposes but also for military use and space.

[0017] Formula _{AwDvNi x Al y N z O 2} ( where A
Is at least one selected from alkali metals;
Is at least one selected from Mg and B, and N is S
i, Ca, Cu, P, In, Sn, Mo, Nb, Y, B
represents at least one selected from i and Ga, w,
v, x, y, and z are respectively 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2, 0.0
01 ≦ v ≦ 0.2, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 <y ≦ 0.
5, 0.001 ≦ z ≦ 0.2) by using a composite oxide represented by the following formula: high capacity, long life, low overvoltage during charge / discharge, rate characteristics and self-discharge characteristics. Higher performance can be achieved in all battery characteristics, such as high temperature characteristics, and improved safety. In addition, by using the electrode of the present invention and a battery using the same in various systems, the system can be reduced in size and weight. In addition, it can be applied to a system that requires charging and discharging at a high rate.

The operation of the present invention will be specifically described. Since Al is a typical element, it does not cause an oxidation-reduction reaction in charge and discharge unlike Ni, so that the pillar effect can prolong the life especially at a high rate like 1C discharge. Mg, M
Since o, Cu, Al, Ca, Si, and Ga have the effect of increasing the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material, overvoltage during charging and discharging can be reduced. B, P, Si, A
Since l has a smaller ionic radius than Ni ions, the substitution of these Ni sites causes the lattice volume of the positive electrode active material to contract, thereby suppressing collapse due to expansion of the lattice volume during charging and extending the life. . Ca, Y, Nb, A
Since l, Mg, and B have low oxygen releasing ability and are stably present as oxides, they have excellent high-temperature characteristics and can improve safety. Since Si, In, Sn, Mg, Ca, and Bi have different valences from the main constituent ions Ni and Li, the electronic structure in the crystal changes, and the electron conductivity and ionic conductivity are changed. Since the improvement is expected, the rate characteristics can be improved and the capacity can be increased. Since Mg has a smaller ionic radius than Li ions, the substitution of the Li site with the Li ions causes the lattice volume of the positive electrode active material to contract, thereby suppressing collapse due to expansion of the lattice volume during charging and extending the life. . Further, Mg is replaced by Li
Since there is a pinning effect after the release of, the lattice shrinkage that occurs at the end of charging is suppressed, there is almost no stress on the lattice, and the life can be extended even when overcharging is performed.

The general formula of the present invention AwDvNi _x Al _y N _z O ₂
LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiP as a combination of a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material represented by
F ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiAsF ₆ , LiS
bF ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiCl, L
When iBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, and lithium tetraphenylborate are used, they show excellent temperature characteristics. Especially LiBF ₄ , L
When at least one of iPF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , and LiCF ₃ CO ₂ is used, elution of the D and N elements in the positive electrode active material of the present invention is suppressed even at 60 ° C. Demonstrates excellent effects in characteristics.

Further, the general formula AwDvNi _x Al _{y of the} present invention is used.
N _z O ₂ positive electrode and propylene carbonate as a combination solvent of an electrolytic solution using a cathode active material represented by, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma - butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolan, formamide,
Dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, gisanemethyl, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, diethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, sulfolane,
3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan, 1,2
-When diethoxyethane is used, it exhibits excellent life characteristics. In particular, among propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide When at least one is used, the irreversible reaction between the positive electrode active material of the present invention and the solvent is suppressed,
Exhibits excellent effects on life characteristics.

Furthermore, the general formula AwDvNi _x A of the present invention
By including l _y N _z O positive electrode with a halide of the solvent in the solvent as a combination of an electrolytic solution using a cathode active material represented by _2, the safety is greatly improved. Particularly, propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide -F elemental _{parts, -CF, -CF 2, -CF 3} , -Cl, -CCl,
When at least one of -CCl ₂ and -CCl ₃ is used, an exothermic reaction between the positive electrode active material of the present invention and a solvent under overcharge conditions is suppressed, and the establishment of ignition is significantly reduced, Shows high security.

The general formula of the present invention AwDvNi _x Al _y N _z O ₂
As a combination of a positive electrode and an electrolyte using the positive electrode active material shown in the above, a mixture of the above lithium salt and a solvent is used to form a mixture of polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene. When a gel electrolyte mixed with at least one selected is used, an exothermic reaction of the cathode active material of the present invention and the gel electrolyte under an overcharge condition is suppressed, and the establishment of ignition is significantly reduced. And show high security. In addition, in combination with the positive electrode active material of the present invention and the gel electrolyte, 4.
Since the positive electrode active material of the present invention can be charged even at a high potential of 5 V, a high capacity can be achieved.

The general formula of the present invention AwDvNi _x Al _y N _z O ₂
The combination of a positive electrode and a negative electrode using the positive electrode active material represented by
Tin alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-gallium alloy, graphite, graphite, carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon When fiber or carbon black is used, the reactant generated during overdischarge in the negative electrode material does not react with the positive electrode active material of the present invention, so that the life characteristics are excellent.

An oxide or chalcogen compound of a metal such as silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium, or lead, an oxide or a chalcogen compound containing a Group IIIb, IVb, or Vb group atom, In the case where the positive electrode of the present invention is combined with an amorphous material-supported, plated, or fused composite material, the discharge curve decreases linearly, so that the remaining capacity can be easily determined,
The life is prolonged because overdischarge is unlikely.

Further, Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ , Li _x Fe ₃ O ₄ , L
i _x WO _2, the periodic table IIIb, IVb, oxide containing Group Vb atoms, a chalcogen compound, when combined with the positive electrode, the longer life because of its excellent over discharge characteristics of these and the present invention amorphous material Can be achieved.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples unless it exceeds the gist of the invention.

(Example 1) A material having the composition shown in Table 1 was used as a positive electrode material, and graphite was used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and the weight ratio was 88: 7: 5. The mixture was kneaded for 30 minutes with a grinder and then applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil. 9 artificial graphite as negative electrode material
A mixture prepared by preparing 3% by weight and 7% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was applied to both surfaces of a 30 μm thick copper foil. The positive and negative electrodes were roll-formed by a press, and the terminals were spot-welded and then vacuum-dried at 150 ° C. for 5 hours. A positive electrode and a negative electrode were laminated with a microporous polypropylene separator interposed therebetween, spirally wound, and inserted into an aluminum battery can. The negative electrode terminal was welded to the battery can, and the positive electrode terminal was welded to the battery lid. As an electrolytic solution, a solution prepared by dissolving 1 mol of LiPF ₆ in 1 liter of a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was used, and the solution was injected into a battery can. The battery cover was swaged to produce a cylindrical battery having a capacity of 1400 mAh. After charging the battery to 4.2V at 1400mA, 1400mA
The battery was charged and discharged at a constant current of 2.7 V, and the capacity, life, rate characteristics, overcharge test, and nail penetration test were evaluated.
Table 1 shows the results.

[0028]

[Table 1]

(Comparative Example 1) Materials shown in Table 1 were used as positive electrode materials, graphite was used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and polyvinylidene fluoride was weighed at a weight ratio of 88: 7: 5. After 30 minutes of mixing, the mixture was applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil. A mixture prepared by preparing 93% by weight of artificial graphite as a negative electrode material and 7% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was applied to both surfaces of a copper foil having a thickness of 30μ.
A battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The capacity, life, rate characteristics, overcharge test, and nail penetration test were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.

[0030]

[Table 2]

There is an extremely low characteristic as compared with the first embodiment.

[0032]

According to the present invention, the battery characteristics of the positive electrode material for a secondary battery are improved.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shuko Yamauchi 7-1-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Within Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Masanori Yoshikawa 7-1, Omikamachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Ren Muranaka 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Pref.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A negative electrode, positive electrode, the reversibly plurality of charging and discharging that can cell comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, as the positive electrode active material, the general formula _{AwDvNi x Al y N z O 2} ( where A Is at least one selected from alkali metals, D is at least one selected from Mg and B, and N is Si, Ca, C
u, P, In, Sn, Mo, Nb, Y, Bi, Ga represents at least one selected from w, v, x, y, z
Are 0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.2, 0.001 ≦ v ≦ 0.2, respectively.
0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 <y ≦ 0.5, 0.001 ≦ z
(Representing a number satisfying ≦ 0.2). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises at least one lithium selected from the group consisting of a lithium-lead alloy, a lithium-tin alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-silicon alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, and a lithium-gallium alloy. Alloy material or at least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphite, carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbonaceous material, needle coke, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, and carbon black And / or oxides or chalcogen compounds of tin, silicon, copper, aluminum, indium, gallium, or lead, oxides or chalcogen compounds containing group IIIb, IVb, or Vb group atoms in these carbon materials or lithium alloy materials , Carrying or plating these amorphous materials, or At least one composite material selected from the group consisting of fused material, and or,
At least one or more conductive polymer materials selected from the group consisting of polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, polyacetylene, and disulfide compounds, and / or Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ , Li _x Fe ₃ O ₄ , and Li _x WO _2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one inorganic material selected from the group consisting of an oxide containing a group IIIb, IVb, and Vb group atom, a chalcogen compound, and an amorphous material thereof is used. 3. An electrolyte comprising propylene carbonate,
Propylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-
Dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, gisanmethyl, methyl acetate,
Methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative,
Diethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, sulfolane, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran derivative, dioxolan,
At least one or more non-aqueous solvents selected from the group consisting of 1,2-diethoxyethane and / or their halides; and LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , L
iCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiAsF ₆ , LiSb
F ₆ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiCl, L
a mixed solution of at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of iBr, LiI, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, and lithium tetraphenylborate, and / or a mixed solution thereof, and polyacrylonitrile; The battery according to claim 1, wherein a gel electrolyte mixed with at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and hexafluoropropylene is used. 4. A notebook personal computer, a pen input personal computer, a pocket personal computer, a notebook word processor, a pocket word processor,
E-book player, mobile phone, cordless phone handset, pager, handy terminal, mobile copy, electronic organizer, calculator, liquid crystal television, electric shaver, power tool, electronic translator, car phone, transceiver, voice input device,
Memory card, backup power supply, tape recorder, radio, headphone stereo, portable printer, handy cleaner, portable CD, video movie, navigation system, refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, stereo, water heater, oven microwave, dishwasher, washing machine, The battery according to claim 1, which is used in a dryer, a game device, a lighting device, a toy, a road conditioner, a medical device, an automobile, an electric vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, and a power storage system.