JPH10205299A - Ventilation and smoke elimination method in tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ventilation and smoke elimination method capable of executing smoke elimination efficiently, ensuring a safetu evacuation space in the vicinity of a fire breaking place and efficiently applying both tunnel entrances to an underground tunnel not being opened to the atmosphere. SOLUTION: Ventilation devices 10 linked with the atmosphere are arranged upward of the insides of two longer tunnels 1 and 2 adjacent to each other through a duct at a specific interval respectively. A vent hole and an access with a door are provided to a partition wall 3 between the tunnels 1 and 2. Under a normal state, ventilation is separately made in the tunnels 1 and 2. In the case a fire breaks out in one tunnel 1, the ventilation device 10 for one tunnel 1 is used only for exhaust and, at the same time, the ventilation device 10 for the other tunnel 2 is used only for aeration, and after aeration of the other tunnel 2 enters one tunnel 1 through the vent hole, aeration having partially smoke is exhausted from the ventilation device in the vicinity of the fire breaking place.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for ventilating and exhausting smoke from a tunnel, and more particularly, to ordinary ventilation and ventilation applied to a long tunnel or an underground tunnel which is planned to be developed in the future, where both pits are not open to the outside air. Regarding the method of smoke emission in case of fire.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional method of ventilating smoke in a tunnel, a booster fan group or the like is provided above the tunnel.
Exhaust and smoke are exhausted from one side to the other pit, and in long tunnels, ventilation and smoke are adjusted by installing a vertical shaft or a separate ventilator that opens to the outside air in the middle of the tunnel. Is the current situation.

[0003]

However, since all of the conventional ventilation and smoke exhaust methods use the tunnel itself as an airway, when a fire occurs, the smoke spreads in at least one of the longitudinal directions of the tunnel, and the fire occurs. There is also a problem that the area relatively far from the location is involved and the smoke exhaust is inefficient.

In addition, it has been difficult to secure a safe refuge section filled with fresh air, especially near a fire occurrence location.

[0005] Therefore, it cannot be applied at all to an underground tunnel which connects the underground of a structure to the underground several km or more and is planned to be developed in the future, and both pits are not open to the outside air.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to minimize the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, and to provide ordinary ventilation and smoke exhaustion in the event of a fire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a tunnel which can efficiently perform the above.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for ventilating smoke in a tunnel, which can secure a safe refuge area filled with fresh air near a fire occurrence location. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a tunnel which can be effectively applied to an underground tunnel in which both pits are not open to outside air.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention according to claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as "claim 1 invention") provides ventilation through a duct above each tunnel running adjacent to each other and through a duct. The devices are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an entrance and exit with a vent and a door are provided in the partition between the tunnels, and ventilation is usually performed for each tunnel, and when a fire occurs in one tunnel, By supplying only air to the ventilator in a predetermined area including at least a fire occurrence location in the one tunnel, and supplying only air to a ventilator in a predetermined area in another tunnel, supply to a predetermined area in another tunnel is performed. It is characterized in that air is exhausted after entering into a predetermined area of one tunnel through the ventilation hole.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the ventilation device in each tunnel is usually set, for example, so that exhaust and air supply alternate in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (normal ventilation mode), and ventilation is performed for each tunnel. When a fire occurs in one tunnel, the air supply of the ventilator in a predetermined area of one tunnel is stopped or switched to exhaust, and the predetermined area is exhausted only, and a predetermined area of another tunnel is exhausted. Switch off or switch off the ventilation of the ventilation system in the area,
The predetermined area is set to only air supply (smoke exhaust mode). As a result, the air supply to the predetermined area of the other tunnel enters the predetermined area of the one tunnel through the vent hole, and a part of the air supply is accompanied by smoke and the ventilation device near the fire occurrence point in the one tunnel. Is discharged from Thus, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of one tunnel and does not enter the other tunnel, which is the pressurized air supply. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and another tunnel can be secured as a safe refuge section through an entrance.

[0010] The "parallel tunnels running side by side next to each other" refer to a long tunnel to which the invention of claim 1 is applied or an underground tunnel whose both pits to be developed in the future are not open to the outside air. The tunnel is a double tunnel (including tunnels adjacent to each other in a multiple tunnel).

"Ventilation device that communicates with the outside air through a duct"
As has been adopted in some tunnels,
It is desirable to use a device that can switch between air supply and exhaust depending on the direction of rotation of the fan or the rearrangement of the duct, but it is also possible to use a device dedicated to air supply and a device dedicated to exhaust. Note that the “duct” includes a ground excavation pit or the like.

The "predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (every interval)" in which the ventilation device is provided may be a distance at which both the normal ventilation mode and the smoke exhaust mode are effectively performed, such as the tunnel sectional area and the capacity of the ventilation device. Is appropriately set in accordance with. Therefore, it is difficult to limit the range, but generally,
Desirably, the length is 0 m or less.

The "vent and vent with door" of the partition is also provided as appropriate along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel on the basis of the smoke exhaust mode and the longest evacuation time. In addition, 3
In order to be able to blame another tunnel within 0 seconds,
The installation interval of the "doorway with door" is approximately 100 m.

The "predetermined area including at least a fire occurrence location in one tunnel" is a range in which the smoke emission mode is adopted in one tunnel, and can be set as desired from the central control room depending on the size of the fire or the like. Or,
The whole area can always be the tunnel, and the “predetermined area in another tunnel” is the same.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in one tunnel which can be assumed to have no fire source and another tunnel running in parallel with this tunnel, the outside air is passed through a duct above each tunnel. Are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and a ventilation hole and an entrance with a door are provided in a partition wall between the tunnels. By providing only the exhaust for the ventilation device of the tunnel, the air supply to one tunnel is always exhausted after entering the other tunnel through the vent hole.

Here, "one tunnel which can be assumed to have no fire source" is set to one or more of a plurality of underground tunnels to be developed. This is an emergency tunnel that allows emergency vehicles and maintenance vehicles to run exclusively without running general vehicles, or a logistics tunnel that automatically drives unmanned electric vehicles, etc. Unlike tunnels, the incidence of traffic accidents is almost zero, and it can be assumed that there is no fire source.

According to the present invention, the air supply to the ventilator of one tunnel is always exhausted from the ventilator of the other tunnel through the vent hole regardless of the presence or absence of fire in the other tunnel. Due to this, even if a fire occurs in another tunnel, part of the air supply to one tunnel is discharged with smoke from the ventilation system near the fire location in the other tunnel without special control You. Accordingly, prevention of the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, efficient ventilation and smoke exhaustion, and securing of one tunnel as a safe evacuation section are effectively realized.

The term "another tunnel running parallel to this tunnel" includes both a single tunnel adjacent to one of the right and left and a double tunnel adjacent to both the left and right of one tunnel.

Other terms have the same meaning as in the first aspect of the present invention.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a large-section tunnel having an underfloor space through which a person can enter and exit from an entrance with a door provided on a floor slab, the outside air is communicated with the outside air through ducts above and below the underfloor space. By arranging ventilation devices at predetermined intervals in the tunnel axial direction, providing ventilation holes in the floor slab, always supplying air only to the ventilation device in the underfloor space, and only exhausting the ventilation device in the space above the floor, After the air supply to the underfloor space always enters the above-floor space through the vent hole,
It is characterized by being exhausted.

That is, according to the present invention, the air supply to the ventilator in the underfloor space is always exhausted from the ventilator in the underfloor space through the vent hole regardless of the presence or absence of a fire in the overfloor space. Even if a fire occurs in the space above the floor, a part of the air supply to the space below the floor is discharged from the ventilation device in the vicinity of the fire location in the space above the floor without any special control. Therefore, prevention of the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, efficient ventilation and smoke exhaustion, and securing of the underfloor space as a safe refuge section are effectively realized.

Note that the "doorway with door" and "vent" of the floor slab are appropriately provided along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

Other terms have the same meaning as in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention according to claims 1 to 3 will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(1) Invention according to Claim 1 FIG. 1 schematically shows two long tunnels (up and down lines) adjacent to each other and underground tunnels 1 and 2 in which both pits are not open to the outside air. FIG. Each tunnel 1,
A ventilator 10 communicating with the outside air via a duct (not shown) is provided in the upper part of the interior of the vehicle 2 at intervals of approximately 100 m in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (hereinafter, simply referred to as “longitudinal direction”) (see FIG. 2). . The ventilator 10 is provided with a fan (not shown), and can switch between exhaust and air supply as desired by controlling a duct damper for each same duct system.

As shown in FIG. 2, the partition wall 3 between the tunnels 1 and 2 has an opening 4 through which a maintenance worker and the like can enter and exit from one tunnel to the other tunnel approximately every 100 m in the longitudinal direction. The opening 4 is provided with a portion (4 ') where the manual opening / closing door is normally closed and a portion (4 "(see broken line)) which is normally opened and can be closed by a fire shutter (not shown) when a fire occurs. Are set alternately in the longitudinal direction.

Vent holes (not shown) are also formed in the partition wall 3 as appropriate. Both open ends of each of the vent holes to the tunnels 1 and 2 are provided with a garage FD (fire damper) (not shown).
Are respectively attached. The gully FD operates with heat from a fire and prevents the invasion of smoke and heat.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a fire detector which is installed at an appropriate interval in the longitudinal direction and communicates with a central control room (not shown); reference numeral 6 denotes a maintenance passage;
Reference numeral 7 denotes a handrail of the maintenance passage 6, and reference numeral 8 denotes digestive plugs provided at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction.

In a normal state, the ventilation devices 10 in each of the tunnels 1 and 2 are supplied with air (indicated by white triangles and white arrows; the same applies hereinafter) and exhausted (indicated by black triangles and black arrows).

The same applies hereinafter. ) Are alternately set in the longitudinal direction (see FIG. 2), and the normal ventilation mode is set. Therefore, ventilation is performed independently for each of the tunnels 1 and 2 (see FIG. 1). Then, as shown in FIG. 3, when a fire occurs in one tunnel 1, the fire detector 5 is operated, and the air supply in the ventilation device 10 of the tunnel 1 is stopped by the automatic control from the central control room. At the same time as switching to the exhaust, all the exhaust in the ventilation device 10 of the other tunnel 2 is stopped or switched to the supply to set the smoke exhaust mode. Note that the number of revolutions of the fan may be increased in the smoke exhaust mode.

At this time, the opening 4 ″ near the fire occurrence point
Is automatically closed by a fire shutter. Thus, the air supply to the tunnel 2 enters the tunnel 1 through the ventilation hole with the gusset FD and the opening 4 ″ in which the fire damper is not operated, and then is exhausted from the ventilation device 10 of the tunnel 1. The smoke is efficiently exhausted from the ventilator 10 near the fire occurrence location without substantially spreading in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 and without entering the tunnel 2 which is a pressurized air supply side. The person near the fire location can open the manual opening / closing door of the opening 4 'and slam into the tunnel 2 which is filled with fresh air and becomes a safe refuge section.

It is not always necessary to set the smoke exhaust mode in the whole area of the tunnel, but may be limited to the area where smoke can be effectively exhausted.

(2) Invention according to Claim 2 FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing three underground tunnels 41, 42, and 43 that run side by side and do not open to both sides of each well. The left and right tunnels 41 and 43 define the upper and lower lines of the motorway, and the central tunnel 42 is an emergency passage for carrying a faulty vehicle or the like, or for running an emergency vehicle or a maintenance vehicle. . Therefore, the central tunnel 42
It is safe to assume that there will be no traffic accidents and no fire sources.

In the upper part of each tunnel 41, 42, 43,
Ventilation devices 10 similar to the above-described embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “claim 1 embodiment”) are provided in the same manner. Hereinafter, parts that are substantially common to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as the ventilator (the same applies to the third embodiment of the invention).

The partitions 3, 3 of the tunnels 41, 42, 43
Has an opening 4 ', which is usually closed by a manual door (see Fig. 5)
And an opening 4 ”that can be closed by the fire shutter in the event of a fire
(Refer to the broken line in FIG. 5) and the ventilation hole with the dust FD are provided in substantially the same manner as the first embodiment. In addition,
At least one of the openings 4 ′ and 4 ″ also serves as a place for carrying a failed vehicle or the like into the central tunnel 42 (see arrows in FIG. 5).

In the present invention, the right and left tunnels 41 and 4 are always
The ventilator 10 at 3 has only exhaust, while the ventilator 10 at the central tunnel 42 has only air supply. That is, regardless of the presence or absence of a fire, air supply to the central tunnel 42 always enters the tunnels 41 and 43 through ventilation holes and the like, and then is discharged from the ventilation device 10 of the tunnels 41 and 43, as shown in FIG. If a fire occurs in one of the tunnels 41 and 43 (tunnel 43), part of the air supply to the central tunnel
3 will be discharged from the ventilator 10. Therefore, in the present invention as well, the ventilation device 10
It is possible to prevent the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 43 efficiently, and also to make the central tunnel 42 function as a constantly safe and fire-resistant section always filled with fresh air.

As described above, the ventilation device 10 according to the present invention
Although it can be said that there is no change between the normal ventilation mode and the smoke exhaust mode, in the smoke exhaust mode, measures such as increasing the rotation speed of the fan may be taken.

(3) Invention according to claim 3 FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a large-sized tunnel 71 whose long or both pits are not open to the outside air. Tunnel 71
Is a space 71 ′ above the floor slab 73 (hereinafter referred to as “above-floor space”) 71 ′ as a vertical line for an automobile road, and a space 71 ″ below the floor slab 73 (hereinafter referred to as “under-floor space”) is shared by infrastructure. It is used as a ditch, a refuge section, etc. Therefore, it can be assumed that no traffic accident occurs in the underfloor space 71 "and that no fire source exists.

Upper and lower spaces 71 "in the floor space 71 '
The ventilation device 10 is provided in each of the predetermined locations.

As shown in FIG. 8, the floor slab 73 is appropriately provided with ventilation holes 75 for providing air permeability between the above-floor space 71 'and the under-floor space 71 ". 7
Both open ends 75 ', 75 "to 1' and underfloor space 71"
Are provided with the same garbage FDs 76 as in the first embodiment. In addition, the positions of both open ends 75 ′ and 75 ″ are shifted so that dust and the like do not easily enter the underfloor space 71 ″ from the above-floor space 71 ′ through the vent hole 75 and the upper end in the vent hole 75. Immediately below the open end 75 ', a mud flooded 77 is provided.

The floor slab 73 is also provided with openings (not shown) at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, which are normally closed by a hatch that allows access from the space 71 ′ above the floor to the space 71 ″ below the floor.

In the present invention, the ventilation device 10 in the floor space 71 'is always exhausted only while the floor space 7' is exhausted.
The ventilation device 10 at 1 "is only supplied with air, and the air supply to the underfloor space 71" is always passed through the ventilation hole 75.
1 ', when a fire occurs in the floor space 71' (see FIG. 9), the ventilation device 1 of the floor space 71 'is accompanied by smoke.
Emitted from 0. Therefore, also in the present invention, the smoke can be efficiently exhausted from the ventilation device 10 near the fire occurrence location, and the spread of the smoke in the longitudinal direction can be prevented, and the underfloor space 71 ″ is a constantly safe and non-compliance section.

It can be said that the ventilator 10 of the present invention is always in the smoke exhaust mode as in the second embodiment.

The invention according to claims 1 to 3 can be combined and applied, for example, to a plurality of large-section tunnels running side by side adjacent to each other.

[0045]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when a fire occurs in one tunnel in each of the tunnels that are adjacent to each other and that normally ventilate independently, when the fire occurs in one of the tunnels, By setting the ventilation system of the tunnel to exhaust only and the ventilation system of the other tunnel to supply air only, part of the supply air entering the other tunnel through the ventilation hole is accompanied by smoke and the ventilation near the fire location Due to the exhaust from the device, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of one tunnel and does not enter the other tunnel, which is the pressurized air supply. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and another tunnel can be secured as a safe refuge section.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in one of the tunnels that can be assumed to have no fire source and the other tunnel adjacent to this tunnel, the air supply device of each tunnel always supplies air to the other tunnel. Vented into one tunnel through the vents and then vented so that if a fire broke out in another tunnel, some of the air supply entering one tunnel would be accompanied by smoke Since the air is exhausted from the ventilation device near the point, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of the other tunnels, and does not enter the tunnel which is the pressurized air supply side. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and one tunnel can be secured as a safe refuge section.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in a large-section tunnel, a ventilating device for the underfloor space and the above-floor space is configured such that air supply to the underfloor space is always exhausted after entering the above-floor space through the ventilation hole. However, when a fire occurs in the space above the floor, a part of the air supply entering the space above the floor is exhausted from the ventilator near the place where the fire occurred along with the smoke. It hardly spreads and does not enter the underfloor space, which is the pressurized air supply side. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and the underfloor space can be secured as a safe refuge section.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation mode of a double tunnel in the invention according to claim 1;

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for convenience showing the arrangement of ventilators and openings in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel according to the invention of claim 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust mode of the invention according to claim 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation state of a triple tunnel in the invention according to claim 2;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view for convenience showing the arrangement of openings in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel according to the invention of claim 2;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust state of the invention according to claim 2;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation state of a large-section tunnel in the invention according to claim 3;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a ventilation hole in the invention according to claim 3;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust state of the invention according to claim 3;

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2, 41, 43 Tunnel 42 Emergency tunnel 3 Partition wall 4, 4 ', 4 "Opening 5 Fire detector 6 Maintenance passage 7 Handrail 8 Fire hydrant 10 Ventilation device 71 Large section tunnel 71' Floor space 71" Floor space 73 Floor slab 75 Ventilation hole 76 Guarari FD (fire damper) 77 Mud

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 29, 1997

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

[Title of the Invention] Tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust method

[Claims]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for ventilating and exhausting smoke from a tunnel, and more particularly, to ordinary ventilation and ventilation applied to a long tunnel or an underground tunnel which is planned to be developed in the future, where both pits are not open to the outside air. Regarding the method of smoke emission in case of fire.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional method of ventilating smoke in a tunnel, a booster fan group or the like is provided above the tunnel.
Exhaust and smoke are exhausted from one side to the other pit, and in long tunnels, ventilation and smoke are adjusted by installing a vertical shaft or a separate ventilator that opens to the outside air in the middle of the tunnel. Is the current situation.

[0003]

However, since all of the conventional ventilation and smoke exhaust methods use the tunnel itself as an airway, when a fire occurs, the smoke spreads in at least one of the longitudinal directions of the tunnel, and the fire occurs. There is also a problem that the area relatively far from the location is involved and the smoke exhaust is inefficient.

[0004] In addition, it has been difficult to secure a safe evacuation section filled with fresh air especially near a fire occurrence location.

[0005] Therefore, it cannot be applied at all to an underground tunnel which connects the underground of a structure to the underground several km or more and is planned to be developed in the future, and both pits are not open to the outside air.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to minimize the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, and to provide ordinary ventilation and smoke exhaustion in the event of a fire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a tunnel which can efficiently perform the above.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of ventilating smoke in a tunnel, which can secure a safe evacuation section filled with fresh air near a fire occurrence location. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust method for a tunnel which can be effectively applied to an underground tunnel in which both pits are not open to outside air.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention according to claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as "claim 1 invention") provides ventilation through a duct above each tunnel running adjacent to each other and through a duct. The devices are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an entrance and exit with a vent and a door are provided in the partition between the tunnels, and ventilation is usually performed for each tunnel, and when a fire occurs in one tunnel, By supplying only air to the ventilator in a predetermined area including at least a fire occurrence location in the one tunnel, and supplying only air to a ventilator in a predetermined area in another tunnel, supply to a predetermined area in another tunnel is performed. It is characterized in that air is exhausted after entering into a predetermined area of one tunnel through the ventilation hole.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the ventilation device in each tunnel is usually set, for example, so that exhaust and air supply alternate in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (normal ventilation mode), and ventilation is performed for each tunnel. When a fire occurs in one tunnel, the air supply of the ventilator in a predetermined area of one tunnel is stopped or switched to exhaust, and the predetermined area is exhausted only, and a predetermined area of another tunnel is exhausted. Switch off or switch off the ventilation of the ventilation system in the area,
The predetermined area is set to only air supply (smoke exhaust mode). As a result, the air supply to the predetermined area of the other tunnel enters the predetermined area of the one tunnel through the vent hole, and a part of the air supply is accompanied by smoke and the ventilation device near the fire occurrence point in the one tunnel. Is discharged from Thus, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of one tunnel and does not enter the other tunnel, which is the pressurized air supply. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and another tunnel can be secured as a safe evacuation section through an entrance.

[0010] The "parallel tunnels running side by side next to each other" refer to a long tunnel to which the invention of claim 1 is applied or an underground tunnel whose both pits to be developed in the future are not open to the outside air. The tunnel is a double tunnel (including tunnels adjacent to each other in a multiple tunnel).

"Ventilation device that communicates with the outside air through a duct"
As has been adopted in some tunnels,
It is desirable to use a device that can switch between air supply and exhaust depending on the direction of rotation of the fan or the rearrangement of the duct, but it is also possible to use a device dedicated to air supply and a device dedicated to exhaust. Note that the “duct” includes a ground excavation pit or the like.

The "predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (every interval)" in which the ventilation device is provided may be a distance at which both the normal ventilation mode and the smoke exhaust mode are effectively performed, such as the tunnel sectional area and the capacity of the ventilation device. Is appropriately set in accordance with. Therefore, it is difficult to limit the range, but generally,
Desirably, the length is 0 m or less.

[0013] The "vent and vent with door" of the partition is also appropriately provided along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel based on the smoke exhaust mode, the maximum evacuation time, and the like. In addition, 3
In order to be able to evacuate to another tunnel within 0 seconds,
The installation interval of the "doorway with door" is approximately 100 m.

The "predetermined area including at least a fire occurrence location in one tunnel" is a range in which the smoke emission mode is adopted in one tunnel, and can be set as desired from the central control room depending on the size of the fire or the like. Or,
The whole area can always be the tunnel, and the “predetermined area in another tunnel” is the same.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in one tunnel which can be assumed to have no fire source and another tunnel running in parallel with this tunnel, the outside air is passed through a duct above each tunnel. Are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and a ventilation hole and an entrance with a door are provided in a partition wall between the tunnels. By providing only the exhaust for the ventilation device of the tunnel, the air supply to one tunnel is always exhausted after entering the other tunnel through the vent hole.

Here, "one tunnel which can be assumed to have no fire source" is set to one or more of a plurality of underground tunnels to be developed. This is an emergency tunnel that allows emergency vehicles and maintenance vehicles to run exclusively without running general vehicles, or a logistics tunnel that automatically drives unmanned electric vehicles, etc. Unlike tunnels, the incidence of traffic accidents is almost zero, and it can be assumed that there is no fire source.

According to the present invention, the air supply to the ventilator of one tunnel is always exhausted from the ventilator of the other tunnel through the vent hole regardless of the presence or absence of fire in the other tunnel. Due to this, even if a fire occurs in another tunnel, part of the air supply to one tunnel is discharged with smoke from the ventilation system near the fire location in the other tunnel without special control You. Accordingly, prevention of the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, efficient ventilation and smoke exhaustion, and securing of one tunnel as a safe evacuation section are effectively realized.

The term "another tunnel running parallel to this tunnel" includes both a single tunnel adjacent to one of the right and left and a double tunnel adjacent to both the left and right of one tunnel.

Other terms have the same meaning as in the first aspect of the present invention.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a large-section tunnel having an underfloor space through which a person can enter and exit from an entrance with a door provided on a floor slab, the outside air is communicated with the outside air through ducts above and below the underfloor space. By arranging ventilation devices at predetermined intervals in the tunnel axial direction, providing ventilation holes in the floor slab, always supplying air only to the ventilation device in the underfloor space, and only exhausting the ventilation device in the space above the floor, After the air supply to the underfloor space always enters the above-floor space through the vent hole,
It is characterized by being exhausted.

That is, according to the present invention, the air supply to the ventilator in the underfloor space is always exhausted from the ventilator in the underfloor space through the vent hole regardless of the presence or absence of a fire in the overfloor space. Even if a fire occurs in the space above the floor, a part of the air supply to the space below the floor is discharged from the ventilation device in the vicinity of the fire location in the space above the floor without any special control. Therefore, prevention of the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, efficient ventilation and smoke exhaustion, and securement of the underfloor space as a safe evacuation section are effectively realized.

Note that the "doorway with door" and "vent" of the floor slab are appropriately provided along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

Other terms have the same meaning as in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention according to claims 1 to 3 will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(1) Invention according to Claim 1 FIG. 1 schematically shows two long tunnels (up and down lines) adjacent to each other and underground tunnels 1 and 2 in which both pits are not open to the outside air. FIG. Each tunnel 1,
A ventilator 10 communicating with the outside air via a duct (not shown) is provided in the upper part of the interior of the vehicle 2 at intervals of approximately 100 m in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (hereinafter, simply referred to as “longitudinal direction”) (see FIG. 2). . The ventilator 10 is provided with a fan (not shown), and can switch between exhaust and air supply as desired by controlling a duct damper for each same duct system.

As shown in FIG. 2, the partition wall 3 between the tunnels 1 and 2 has an opening 4 through which a maintenance worker and the like can enter and exit from one tunnel to the other tunnel approximately every 100 m in the longitudinal direction. The opening 4 is provided with a portion (4 ') where the manual opening / closing door is normally closed and a portion (4 "(see broken line)) which is normally opened and can be closed by a fire shutter (not shown) when a fire occurs. Are set alternately in the longitudinal direction.

Vent holes (not shown) are also formed in the partition wall 3 as appropriate. Both open ends of each of the vent holes to the tunnels 1 and 2 are provided with a garage FD (fire damper) (not shown).
Are respectively attached. The gully FD operates with heat from a fire and prevents the invasion of smoke and heat.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a fire detector which is installed at an appropriate interval in the longitudinal direction and communicates with a central control room (not shown); reference numeral 6 denotes a maintenance passage;
Reference numeral 7 denotes a handrail of the maintenance passage 6, and reference numeral 8 denotes digestive plugs provided at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction.

[0029] In the normal state, the ventilation device 10 in each tunnel 1 and 2, the gas supply respectively (shown by open triangles and white arrows. Hereinafter, the same) and the exhaust (indicated by black triangles and black arrows. Or less, Are set alternately in the longitudinal direction (see FIG. 2), and the normal ventilation mode is set. Therefore, ventilation is performed independently for each of the tunnels 1 and 2 (see FIG. 1).

As shown in FIG. 3, when a fire occurs in one of the tunnels 1, the fire detector 5 is activated, and the ventilation system 1 of the tunnel 1 is automatically controlled from the central control room.
At the same time, all the air supply at 0 is stopped or switched to the exhaust, and all the exhaust in the ventilation device 10 of the other tunnel 2 is stopped or switched to the air supply to set the smoke exhaust mode. Note that the number of revolutions of the fan may be increased in the smoke exhaust mode.

At this time, the opening 4 ″ near the fire occurrence point
Is automatically closed by a fire shutter. Thus, the air supply to the tunnel 2 enters the tunnel 1 through the ventilation hole with the gusset FD and the opening 4 ″ in which the fire damper is not operated, and then is exhausted from the ventilation device 10 of the tunnel 1. The smoke is efficiently exhausted from the ventilator 10 near the fire occurrence location without substantially spreading in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 and without entering the tunnel 2 which is a pressurized air supply side. A person near the fire location can open the manual opening / closing door of the opening 4 'and evacuate to the tunnel 2 which is filled with fresh air and becomes a safe evacuation zone.

It is not always necessary to set the smoke exhaust mode in the whole area of the tunnel, but may be limited to the area where smoke can be effectively exhausted.

(2) Invention according to Claim 2 FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing three underground tunnels 41, 42, and 43 that run side by side and do not open to both sides of each well. The left and right tunnels 41 and 43 define the upper and lower lines of the motorway, and the central tunnel 42 is an emergency passage for carrying a faulty vehicle or the like, or for running an emergency vehicle or a maintenance vehicle. . Therefore, the central tunnel 42
It is safe to assume that there will be no traffic accidents and no fire sources.

In the upper part of each tunnel 41, 42, 43,
Ventilation devices 10 similar to the above-described embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “claim 1 embodiment”) are provided in the same manner. Hereinafter, parts that are substantially common to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as the ventilator (the same applies to the third embodiment of the invention).

The partitions 3, 3 of the tunnels 41, 42, 43
Has an opening 4 ', which is usually closed by a manual door (see Fig. 5)
And an opening 4 ”that can be closed by the fire shutter in the event of a fire
(Refer to the broken line in FIG. 5) and the ventilation hole with the dust FD are provided in substantially the same manner as the first embodiment. In addition,
At least one of the openings 4 ′ and 4 ″ also serves as a place for carrying a failed vehicle or the like into the central tunnel 42 (see arrows in FIG. 5).

In the present invention, the right and left tunnels 41 and 4 are always
The ventilator 10 at 3 has only exhaust, while the ventilator 10 at the central tunnel 42 has only air supply. That is, regardless of the presence or absence of a fire, air supply to the central tunnel 42 always enters the tunnels 41 and 43 through ventilation holes and the like, and then is discharged from the ventilation device 10 of the tunnels 41 and 43, as shown in FIG. If a fire occurs in one of the tunnels 41 and 43 (tunnel 43), part of the air supply to the central tunnel
3 will be discharged from the ventilator 10. Therefore, in the present invention as well, the ventilation device 10
It is possible to prevent the spread of the smoke in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 43 efficiently, and to make the central tunnel 42 function as a constant safety evacuation section filled with fresh air.

As described above, the ventilation device 10 according to the present invention
Although it can be said that there is no change between the normal ventilation mode and the smoke exhaust mode, in the smoke exhaust mode, measures such as increasing the rotation speed of the fan may be taken.

(3) Invention according to claim 3 FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a large-sized tunnel 71 whose long or both pits are not open to the outside air. Tunnel 71
Is a space 71 ′ above the floor slab 73 (hereinafter referred to as “above-floor space”) 71 ′ as a vertical line for an automobile road, and a space 71 ″ below the floor slab 73 (hereinafter referred to as “under-floor space”) is shared by infrastructure. It is used as a ditch, an evacuation section, etc. Therefore, it is safe to assume that no traffic accident occurs in the underfloor space 71 "and that no fire source exists.

Upper and lower spaces 71 "in the floor space 71 '
The ventilation device 10 is provided in each of the predetermined locations.

As shown in FIG. 8, the floor slab 73 is appropriately provided with ventilation holes 75 for providing air permeability between the above-floor space 71 'and the under-floor space 71 ". 7
Both open ends 75 ', 75 "to 1' and underfloor space 71"
Are provided with the same garbage FDs 76 as in the first embodiment. In addition, the positions of both open ends 75 ′ and 75 ″ are shifted so that dust and the like do not easily enter the underfloor space 71 ″ from the above-floor space 71 ′ through the vent hole 75 and the upper end in the vent hole 75. Immediately below the open end 75 ', a mud flooded 77 is provided.

The floor slab 73 is also provided with openings (not shown) at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, which are normally closed by a hatch that allows access from the space 71 ′ above the floor to the space 71 ″ below the floor.

In the present invention, the ventilation device 10 in the floor space 71 'is always exhausted only while the floor space 7' is exhausted.
The ventilation device 10 at 1 "is only supplied with air, and the air supply to the underfloor space 71" is always passed through the ventilation hole 75.
1 ', when a fire occurs in the floor space 71' (see FIG. 9), the ventilation device 1 of the floor space 71 'is accompanied by smoke.
Emitted from 0. Therefore, also in the present invention, it is possible to efficiently exhaust smoke from the ventilation device 10 near the fire occurrence location, to prevent the spread of smoke in the longitudinal direction, and to make the underfloor space 71 ″ a permanent safe evacuation section.

It can be said that the ventilator 10 of the present invention is always in the smoke exhaust mode as in the second embodiment.

The invention according to claims 1 to 3 can be combined and applied, for example, to a plurality of large-section tunnels running side by side adjacent to each other.

[0045]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when a fire occurs in one tunnel in each of the tunnels that are adjacent to each other and that normally ventilate independently, when the fire occurs in one of the tunnels, By setting the ventilation system of the tunnel to exhaust only and the ventilation system of the other tunnel to supply air only, part of the supply air entering the other tunnel through the ventilation hole is accompanied by smoke and the ventilation near the fire location Due to the exhaust from the device, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of one tunnel and does not enter the other tunnel, which is the pressurized air supply. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and another tunnel can be secured as a safe evacuation section.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in one of the tunnels that can be assumed to have no fire source and the other tunnel adjacent to this tunnel, the air supply device of each tunnel always supplies air to the other tunnel. Vented into one tunnel through the vents and then vented so that if a fire broke out in another tunnel, some of the air supply entering one tunnel would be accompanied by smoke Since the air is exhausted from the ventilation device near the point, the smoke hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction of the other tunnels, and does not enter the tunnel which is the pressurized air supply side. Therefore, smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and one tunnel can be secured as a safe evacuation section.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in a large-section tunnel, a ventilating device for the underfloor space and the above-floor space is configured such that air supply to the underfloor space is always exhausted after entering the above-floor space through the ventilation hole. However, when a fire occurs in the space above the floor, a part of the air supply entering the space above the floor is exhausted from the ventilator near the place where the fire occurred along with the smoke. It hardly spreads and does not enter the underfloor space, which is the pressurized air supply side. Therefore, the smoke can be efficiently exhausted, and the underfloor space can be secured as a safe evacuation section.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation mode of a double tunnel in the invention according to claim 1;

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for convenience showing the arrangement of ventilators and openings in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel according to the invention of claim 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust mode of the invention according to claim 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation state of a triple tunnel in the invention according to claim 2;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view for convenience showing the arrangement of openings in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel according to the invention of claim 2;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust state of the invention according to claim 2;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a normal ventilation state of a large-section tunnel in the invention according to claim 3;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a ventilation hole in the invention according to claim 3;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing a smoke exhaust state of the invention according to claim 3;

[Description of Signs] 1, 2, 41, 43 Tunnel 42 Emergency Tunnel 3 Partition Wall 4, 4 ', 4 "Opening 5 Fire Detector 6 Maintenance Pathway 7 Handrail 8 Fire Hydrant 10 Ventilation System 71 Large Section Tunnel 71' Floor Space 71 ”Underfloor space 73 Floor slab 75 Ventilation hole 76 Guarari FD (fire damper) 77 Mud

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A ventilation device communicating with the outside air via a duct is provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel above each of the tunnels running side by side adjacent to each other, and a ventilation hole and a door are provided in a partition wall between the tunnels. In general, ventilation is provided in each tunnel, and when a fire occurs in one tunnel, the ventilator in a predetermined area including at least the fire occurrence point in the one tunnel is exhausted only, and the other By providing only the air supply to the ventilator in a predetermined area of the tunnel, air supply to a predetermined area of another tunnel is exhausted after entering the predetermined area of one tunnel through the ventilation hole. A method for ventilating smoke from a tunnel. 2. A ventilation system which communicates with the outside air through a duct above each tunnel in one of the tunnels which can be assumed to have no fire source and another in parallel with the tunnel. Direction: Arranged at predetermined intervals in each direction, provided with ventilation holes and doors with doors in the partition between the tunnels, always supply air only to the ventilation system of one tunnel and exhaust only the ventilation system of the other tunnel A method for ventilating and smoking a tunnel, wherein air supplied to one tunnel always enters the other tunnel through the ventilation hole and is then exhausted. 3. In a large-section tunnel having an underfloor space through which a person can enter and exit from an entrance with a door provided on a floor slab, a ventilation device that communicates with the outside air through a duct above and inside the tunnel in a tunnel axial direction is provided. By providing ventilation holes in the floor slab and providing ventilation only in the underfloor space at all times and ventilation only in the underfloor space as exhaust only, air supply to the underfloor space is provided at each interval. A ventilating smoke exhaust method for a tunnel, characterized in that air is constantly exhausted after entering the floor space through the vent hole.