JPH099785A - High floor type cultivation and sheet for plant culturing floor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a high floor type cultivation for planting and culturing a plant such as seedling of strawberry to a ridges bed soil piled on a stage of a prescribed height provided in a greenhouse. CONSTITUTION: A stage having its upper face of a net-like structure made of an expand metal 10, etc., is constructed at a position of a prescribed height from ground. A plant culturing sheet 2 formed of a nonwoven fabric made of a synthetic resin such as polypropylene having suitable strength and heat resistance is flatly laid on the net-like face of the state to form a culturing bed. Ridged bed soil 3 is thinly piled on the plant culturing sheet 2 in a minimum requiring amount for culturing and a plants such as seedling 5 of strawberry is planted in the bed soil 3 and cultured. The minimum requiring amount of the bed soil 3 is flatly piled on a sheet 2 having a suitable strength to realize a soil-saving cultivation, and the growth control of the seedling can be correctly performed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a raised floor for planting and cultivating plants such as strawberry seedlings (hereinafter abbreviated as "strawberry seedlings") on a soil laid on a stand having a predetermined height. Formula cultivation method,
The present invention relates to a plant cultivation floor sheet that is preferably used in the cultivation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A pedestal of a height is provided so that an operator can carry out cultivation work in a comfortable posture without bending his or her waist, and cultivated soil is placed on the pedestal, and thus strawberry is placed on the cultivated soil placed at a high position above the ground. The stilt type (or elevated type, also referred to as elevated ridge type) cultivation method of planting and cultivating the above-mentioned seedlings is widely practiced.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-104651, a tank-shaped bed body a made of a synthetic resin net that is sufficiently long in the longitudinal direction is a pedestal b.
Is supported in the air by the support rods c placed on the bed, the insole d such as a nonwoven fabric is laid inside the bed body a, and the soil e is laid inside the bed body a on which the insole d is laid.
Is described, and a bed for cultivating a plant is described in which strawberry seedlings f are planted in the soil e.

[0004]

The following problems have been pointed out in the conventional stilt cultivation method, particularly in the cultivation method using the plant cultivation bed shown in FIG. Since the net and the insole d forming the bed main body a are formed in a tank shape, the paddy soil e filled in the tank hangs from the mount b, and a large amount of paddy soil e is required.
The procurement of is very troublesome. Moreover, soil-saving cultivation cannot be performed due to a large amount of cultivation soil e. Therefore, when different types of fertilizers are sequentially administered to the culture soil e over several stages according to the growth of the strawberry seedlings f, the fertilizer is not consumed surely because the culture soil e is large in amount, and the soil Remains inside. As a result, different fertilizers applied later do not work effectively, and in the end, necessary nutrients do not reach the strawberry seedlings f, so nutrient control cannot be performed properly.

A large amount of cultivating soil e makes it difficult to secure an appropriate temperature for the cultivating soil e. That is, for the growth of the strawberry seedling f, the temperature of the culture soil e must be kept at about 18 to 22 ° C., but if the culture soil e is in a large amount, the temperature can be adjusted to keep the predetermined temperature uniform throughout. Can not. Therefore, in combination with the above problems, the growth control of the strawberry seedling f cannot be accurately performed.

[0006] When the continuous cropping, the used soil e
Needs to be sterilized with hot steam to improve, but the insole d
And synthetic resin nets cannot withstand the temperature of steam sterilization. Therefore, a large amount of soil e has to be once carried out from the net and the insole d and sterilized at another place, which is a troublesome work. Since the top surface of the cultivation soil e is flat in the horizontal direction, the fruit stems of the strawberry seedling f face various directions depending on the natural growth, and do not grow in the direction of the worker (passage side). The work is troublesome. Moreover, in order to prevent the fruit of the strawberry from being hidden under the leaves and being bleached, it is necessary to take out the fruit from the space between the leaves and bring it to the surface, which is a troublesome work. is there.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to realize soil-saving cultivation in which the minimum amount of soil required for plant growth is cultivated, and to control the nutrients to the plants and With proper temperature control, the growth of plants such as strawberry seedlings can be accurately controlled, high quality strawberries can be efficiently cultivated and harvested, and used soil can be easily disinfected for continuous cropping. An object of the present invention is to provide a stilt cultivation method and a sheet for plant cultivation floor that is preferably used in the cultivation method.

[0008]

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the stilt cultivation method according to the invention of claim 1 has a flat upper surface at a predetermined height from the ground 6. The pedestal 1 formed on the mesh surface of the expanded metal 10 is assembled, and the plant cultivation floor sheet 2 formed of a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin such as polypropylene having appropriate strength and heat resistance is placed on the mesh surface of the pedestal 1. Laying it flat to form a cultivation floor, thinly laying the soil 3 on the sheet 2 for plant cultivation floor in the minimum amount necessary for cultivation, and planting plants such as strawberry seedlings 5 on the soil 3 It is characterized by being cultivated.

The stilt cultivation method according to the invention of claim 2 is
The net-like surface according to claim 1 and the plant cultivating floor sheet 2 laid on the net-like surface are characterized in that the central portion in the width direction is made a top portion and both sides thereof are formed as inclined surfaces to be continuous in the longitudinal direction. And The stilt cultivation method according to the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the peripheral portion of the plant cultivation floor sheet 2 described in claim 1 or 2 is formed upward.

The stilt cultivation method according to the invention of claim 4 is
A sealing sheet 4 is stretched on the outer periphery between the mesh surface of the gantry 1 and the ground 6 to form an air chamber 12 that hermetically seals the inside of the gantry 1 and heats the air chamber 12. It is characterized in that the soil 3 is heated from below. The sheet for a plant cultivation floor according to the invention of claim 5 is a sheet 2 in which a cultivation bed is formed by laying it on a flat reticulated surface made of expanded metal 10 and the like, and a soil 3 is piled on it, which is suitable. It is characterized in that it is formed of a nonwoven fabric formed by continuously thermocompressing polypropylene long fibers having strength and heat resistance.

[0011]

The sheet 2 for plant cultivation floor is made of a non-woven fabric made of synthetic resin such as polypropylene and has appropriate strength and is strong. Therefore, the sheet 2 for plant cultivation floor is laid on the flat metal expanded metal 10 of the gantry 1. Even in such a case, a flat cultivation bed without unevenness is formed. Therefore, on the flat sheet 2,
The minimum amount of soil required for growing the strawberry seedlings 5 can be piled up, and a large amount of soil 3 need not be procured. Since the fertilizer is also administered in the minimum necessary amount according to the small amount of the soil 3, the nutrient of the small amount of the fertilizer is surely absorbed by the strawberry seedlings 5 and hardly remains in the soil 3. Even when different types of fertilizers are applied to the soil 3, the nutrients are surely absorbed by the strawberry seedlings 5. Also, since it is the minimum amount of fertilizer required, strawberry seedlings 5
The fertilizer can be rapidly cut off according to the growth of the fertilizer, fertilization suitable for the growth can be performed, and the nutrient control can be properly performed.

According to the cultivating method of claim 2, the expanded metal 10 is formed on the inclined surface, the sheet 2 for the plant cultivation floor is also formed on the inclined surface in accordance therewith, and the cultivating soil 3 on the sheet 2 is also inclined. Therefore, the fruit stalks of the strawberry seedlings 5 naturally extend downward in the passage side direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 2) without overlapping with the adjacent fruit stalks along the upper surface of the cultivation soil 3 that slopes as they grow, Workers can efficiently harvest ripe fruits from the aisle side. Moreover, since the strawberry fruit appears on the surface without being hidden under the leaves, it is possible to prevent bleaching of the fruit.

In the cold season after November, paddy soil 3
In order to keep the temperature of the frame at an appropriate temperature (about 18 to 22 ° C.), a sealing sheet 4 is stretched around the outer periphery of the frame 1 to form an air chamber 12 inside the frame, and the sealed air The room 12 is heated by sunlight. The air warmed in the air chamber 12 rises between the squares of the expanded metal 10 and efficiently heats a small amount of the soil 3 from below, so that the soil 3 can be maintained at a desired temperature.

The plant cultivation floor sheet 2 of claim 5 is about 1
Since it has heat resistance up to about 50 ° C, it is possible to perform continuous cropping by sterilizing the used soil 3 while keeping it on the gantry 1 with steam. In addition, it is possible to perform sun sterilization as it is.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described below. 1 and 2 show a situation in which strawberry seedlings are being cultivated in a greenhouse by raised floor cultivation. First, the gantry 1 having a predetermined height is assembled from the ground 6. The height is preferably about 70 to 80 cm from the ground 6 so that the worker can perform farming work in a comfortable posture without bending his or her waist. The length of the gantry 1 in the longitudinal direction is about 20 to 25 m. The length in the lateral direction (width direction) is about 1.2 m so that four rows of strawberry seedlings can be planted. The upper surface of the gantry 1 is assembled to the upper frame 13 which is gently inclined downward toward the passage with the center in the width direction as the top. This inclined upper framework 13
On top of this, a flat (planar) expanded metal 10 formed on a mesh surface is installed in an inclined state. The size of the cells of the expanded metal 10 is about 5 × 5 cm.
The material for forming the mesh surface is not limited to the expanded metal, but may be any material having air permeability and a certain level of strength, and may be porous punching metal, wire mesh, or the like. An angle-shaped vertical piece 11 bent upward is provided on the periphery of the upper surface of the gantry 1. The water supply pipe 8 connected to the irrigation device 7 is arranged in the longitudinal direction along the top of the top surface of the gantry.

On the expanded metal 10 is laid a sheet 2 for plant cultivation floor which serves as an underlay for the soil. The plant cultivation floor sheet 2 is made of polypropylene (provided that it is made of synthetic resin such as polyethylene, polyester, or acrylic) by the spunbond method, and the longest long fibers (diameter 40 to 55 μ) are continuously formed. It is formed of a non-woven fabric thermocompressed. Thickness is 0.378mm, weight is 1
It is about 30 g / m ² . This sheet 2 has a high tensile strength (vertical × horizontal) of about 43 × 43 kgf, is stiff, has a long life, and has heat resistance and withstands up to about 150 ° C. Furthermore, the water permeability is 6.07 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec, and the water permeability is also excellent. The overall shape of the sheet 2 is a strip shape (vertical × horizontal = 22 × 1.5) capable of covering the expanded metal 10.
This sheet 2 is also laid on the inclined surface so as to conform to the inclined expanded metal 10 formed in m). The peripheral portion 20 of the strong seat 2 is formed so as to jump upward so as to get over the vertical piece 11.

Next, the soil 3 is placed on the sheet 2 for plant cultivation floor. As the soil 3, fertile soil rich in organic matter such as compost, fir shells, and chicken manure is used. Such soil is made by farmers using the soil around the greenhouse. The sheet 2 having an appropriate waist strength is laid on the net-like surface and does not become depressed even when the cultivating soil 3 is placed thereon, and the cultivating soil 3 is thinly piled in the minimum amount necessary for strawberry cultivation. As for the assembling method, a layer thickness of about 20 cm is formed at the top of the gantry, and the layer is gradually shallower as it goes down the inclined surface (passage side), and the layer thickness is about 3 cm near the passage side. The soil 3 near the aisle side is stopped by the seat peripheral portion 20 that jumps up along the vertical piece 11 and does not spill from the pedestal 1. Strawberry seedlings 5 are planted on the soil 3 in order. As shown in FIG. 2, which is viewed from the side, the planting method is four-row planting, and the plants are planted in a checkered pattern in a plane (see FIG. 1). This is to prevent the strawberry fruit from hiding under the leaves and whitening the fruit.

If necessary, a sealing sheet 4 of a vinyl bag may be stretched around the outer circumference between the upper surface of the gantry 1 and the ground 6. The sealing sheet 4 is the vertical piece 11
Is hung from the position to the ground 6 and stretched around the outer periphery of the gantry 1 to form an air chamber 12 in which the inside of the gantry 1 is sealed. If necessary, a heating duct 9 capable of blowing warm air by a heating device (not shown) is arranged in the air chamber 12.

Cultivation of strawberry seedlings 5 is promoted by appropriately supplying water and fertilizer to the soil 3. The water is supplied from the irrigation device 7 through the water supply pipe 8 by the irrigation tube. However, water may be supplied by drip irrigation (not shown). Since the sheet 2 is made of polypropylene non-woven fabric and has water permeability and water retention, an appropriate amount of the supplied water is retained in the soil 3, and excess water wipes between the sheet 2 and the expanded metal 10. And dripping downwards, just enough water is supplied to the soil 3,
It is absorbed by strawberry seedling 5. For fertilizer, a small amount of soil 3
It is administered in the minimum amount required according to. Therefore, the fertilizer is surely absorbed by the strawberry seedlings 5 and hardly remains in the soil 3. Similarly, when different types of fertilizers are administered, it is surely absorbed by the strawberry seedlings 5, and finally the type and amount of nutrients necessary for the growth of the seedlings are spread over the strawberry seedlings f in just proportion. .

The air chamber 12 is used to maintain the temperature of the cultivation soil 3 at an appropriate temperature (about 18 to 22 ° C.) for the growth of the strawberry seedlings 5. When the air chamber 12 sealed by the sealing sheet 4 is heated by sunlight, the soil 3 is efficiently warmed from below by the air warmed in the air chamber 12. Furthermore, when it is desired to raise the temperature rapidly, hot air may be blown into the air chamber 12 using the heating duct 9, and a temperature of about 20 ° C. suitable for growing the strawberry seedlings 5 is always secured. Thus, in a favorable environment in which the proper temperature is always maintained and the growth management is accurately performed, the berry seedlings 5 of the strawberry naturally grow along the upper surface of the sloping soil 3 in the passage side direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2). It grows downward and grows quickly. Moreover, since the strawberry seedlings 5 planted in a checkered pattern grow without overlapping with the adjacent ones, the worker can easily harvest the ripe fruit without being disturbed by the adjacent branches and leaves.

After the strawberries have been harvested, especially in summer, the soil 3
If you apply vinyl mulch with vinyl chloride to the upper surface of
The temperature of the soil 3 is raised and sterilized. In addition, since the polypropylene plant cultivation floor sheet 2 can withstand up to 150 degrees, the used soil 3 can be efficiently steam sterilized as it is without being moved, and is used for continuous production.

[0022]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the stilt cultivation method according to the present invention, a minimum necessary amount of the necessary minimum amount is placed on the plant cultivation floor sheet (cultivation floor) having an appropriate strength laid on the mesh surface. Soil-saving cultivation is realized because the soil is thinly filled. Therefore, the growth control of seedlings such as the temperature control and nutrient control of the soil can be accurately performed, which contributes to the efficient cultivation of high quality strawberries. After harvesting, the soil can be easily sterilized by steam sterilization as it is, allowing continuous cropping. In addition, a plant cultivation floor sheet made of spunbonded non-woven fabric is a single raw material, has high productivity and stable quality, and is manufactured at low cost, which also contributes to reduction in manufacturing cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a cultivation state of strawberry seedlings.

FIG. 2 is a simplified side view of FIG.

3A and 3B are perspective views showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Stand 10 Expanded Metal 2 Sheet for Plant Cultivation Floor 3 Soil 4 Sealing Sheet 5 Strawberry Seedling 6 Ground

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A pedestal having an upper surface formed into a flat reticulated surface such as expanded metal at a predetermined height above the ground is assembled and formed of a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin such as polypropylene having appropriate strength and heat resistance. A plant cultivating floor sheet is laid flat on the net surface of the gantry to form a cultivating floor, and the cultivated soil is thinly laid on the plant cultivating floor sheet in the minimum necessary amount for cultivation, and the cultivated soil is A stilt cultivation method characterized by planting and cultivating plants such as strawberry seedlings. 2. The net-like surface according to claim 1 and the sheet for plant cultivation floor laid on the net-like surface are continuous in the longitudinal direction with the central part in the width direction being the apex and the both sides being inclined surfaces. A stilt cultivation method characterized by the above. 3. A peripheral portion of the plant cultivation floor sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the peripheral portion is formed upward.
Stilt cultivation method. 4. A sealing sheet is stretched on the outer periphery between the mesh surface of the gantry according to claim 1 and the ground to form an air chamber that seals the inside of the gantry, and the air chamber is heated to cultivate soil. A stilt cultivation method characterized by heating from below. 5. A polypropylene long fiber having a suitable strength and heat resistance, which is a sheet on which a cultivating bed is formed by laying it on a flat mesh surface made of expanded metal or the like, and on which cultivating soil is placed. A sheet for plant cultivation floor, characterized in that it is formed of a non-woven fabric formed by continuously thermocompressing.