JPH09506392A - 天然ガスの液化のための方法と設備 - Google Patents
天然ガスの液化のための方法と設備Info
- Publication number
- JPH09506392A JPH09506392A JP8512374A JP51237496A JPH09506392A JP H09506392 A JPH09506392 A JP H09506392A JP 8512374 A JP8512374 A JP 8512374A JP 51237496 A JP51237496 A JP 51237496A JP H09506392 A JPH09506392 A JP H09506392A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- cooling
- fraction
- natural gas
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fibrin monomer Chemical compound CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.加圧された天然ガスを液化する方法において、冷却液体の混合物を用いる少 なくとも1つ以上の冷却サイクルを含み、このサイクルの間に少なくとも下記の 各段階、すなわち a)上記冷却用混合物を圧縮し、そして外部冷却液体を用いて冷却することによ り、これを少なくとも部分的に凝縮させて少なくとも1つの蒸気フラクションと 1つの液体フラクションとを得、 b)上記蒸気フラクションと液体フラクションとのそれぞれの少なくとも若干を 別個に膨張させて主として蒸気相よりなる軽質流体M1と主として液相よりなる重 質流体M2とを作り出し、 c)流体M1とM2との少なくとも若干を混合して低温混合物を得、そして d)加圧された天然ガスを、段階c)において得られた低温混合物との熱交換の 過程によって液化し、かつ過冷却する 各段階を実施する、上記天然ガスの液化方法。 2.段階a)における部分的凝縮の後で上記冷却用混合物を蒸留部へ供給して軽 質成分に富んだフラクションM1と重質成分に富んだフラクションM2とを得ること を特徴とする、請求の範囲1に記載の液化方法。 3.蒸気フラクションを段階b)においてタービンを 用いて膨張させ、そしてその機械的な膨張エネルギーの少なくとも或る割合を回 収することを特徴とする、請求の範囲1又は2に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 4.段階d)における天然ガスとの熱交換の結果として作り出された冷却用混合 物を段階a)へ再循環させてこの段階の間にこの冷却用混合物を圧縮することを 特徴とする、請求の範囲1ないし3の1つに記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 5.混合物M2を冷却する少なくとも1つの追加的段階を、これが混合物M1と混合 されるに先立って実施することを特徴とする、請求の範囲1又は2に記載の液化 方法。 6.混合物M2及び/又はこの混合物の部分的凝縮によって作り出された液体フラ クション及び/又は蒸気フラクション及び/又は天然ガスを冷却する少なくとも 1つの追加的段階を実施することを特徴とする、請求の範囲1又は2に記載の液 化方法。 7.冷却用流体として、1と5との間の炭素原子数及び好ましくはモル分率で少 なくとも10%の窒素を有する、窒素と炭化水素との含まれた流体を用いることを 特徴とする、請求の範囲1に記載の方法。 8.冷却用混合物を段階a)の間に圧縮機吸込部において少なくとも200kPaに等 しい圧力水準で使用することを特徴とする、請求の範囲1ないし7の1つに 記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 9.混合物M1がモル分率で10%よりも少ない液体フラクションを含むことを特徴 とする、請求の範囲1ないし8の1つに記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 10.天然ガスがメタン以外の炭化水素及び/又は窒素及び/又はヘリウムを含 んでいる場合に、上記各成分の少なくとも若干が蒸発及び/又は蒸留によって分 離されることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1ないし9の1つに記載の液化方法。 11.圧縮された天然ガスを過冷却された液体状態においてタービンの中で少な くとも部分的に、大気圧に近い圧力まで膨張させてそれにより液化天然ガスを作 り出し、次いでこれを輸出することを特徴とする、請求の範囲1ないし10の1 つに記載の液化方法。 12.冷却用混合物を用いて流体を冷却するための、中でも天然ガスを液化する ための設備において、これがその冷却用混合物を凝縮させるための、少なくとも 1つの圧縮機(K1)と1つの凝縮器(C1)とを有する第1装置、第1装置中での 部分的凝縮からもたらされる蒸気フラクションと液体フラクションとが分離され ることを許容する装置(S1,D60)、分離された液体フラクション及び蒸気フラク ションをそれぞれ膨張させることを許容する各装置(T1,T60)及び(V1,V61)、 及びその膨張させた液体フラクションと蒸気フラクシ ョンとの混合物をその冷却されるべき流体と熱的に接触させる熱交換器のような 少なくとも1つの装置(E1)を含むことを特徴とする、上記設備。 13.蒸気フラクションを膨張させる装置(T1)及び/又は膨張装置(V1)がタ ービンであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲12に記載の設備。 14.その膨張した液体及び/又は各蒸気フラクション、天然ガス又は冷却用混 合物を冷却するための追加的な装置を有することを特徴とする、請求の範囲11 ないし13の1つに記載の設備。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9412046A FR2725503B1 (fr) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Procede et installation de liquefaction du gaz naturel |
FR94/12046 | 1994-10-05 | ||
PCT/FR1995/001281 WO1996011370A1 (fr) | 1994-10-05 | 1995-10-03 | Procede et installation de liquefaction du gaz naturel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH09506392A true JPH09506392A (ja) | 1997-06-24 |
JP3965444B2 JP3965444B2 (ja) | 2007-08-29 |
Family
ID=9467699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51237496A Expired - Lifetime JP3965444B2 (ja) | 1994-10-05 | 1995-10-03 | 天然ガスの液化のための方法と設備 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5701761A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0731900B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3965444B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU701090B2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2725503B1 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY113403A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO307231B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996011370A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2009543894A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2009-12-10 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素流を液化するための方法及び装置 |
JP2010516994A (ja) * | 2007-01-25 | 2010-05-20 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素流の冷却方法及び装置 |
JP2016512595A (ja) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-04-28 | オトクリトエ アクツィオネルノエ オブスチェストヴォ “ガズプロム” | 天然ガス液化方法とその装置 |
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GB9712304D0 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1997-08-13 | Costain Oil Gas & Process Limi | Refrigeration cycle using a mixed refrigerant |
DZ2534A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-20 | 2003-02-08 | Exxon Production Research Co | Procédé perfectionné de réfrigération en cascade pour la liquéfaction du gaz naturel. |
DZ2533A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-20 | 2003-03-08 | Exxon Production Research Co | Procédé perfectionné de réfrigération à constituants pour la liquéfaction de gaz naturel. |
FR2778232B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-06-02 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede et dispositif de liquefaction d'un gaz naturel sans separation de phases sur les melanges refrigerants |
MY117548A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2004-07-31 | Exxon Production Research Co | Dual multi-component refrigeration cycles for liquefaction of natural gas |
US6308531B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-10-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hybrid cycle for the production of liquefied natural gas |
US6253577B1 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-07-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic air separation process for producing elevated pressure gaseous oxygen |
US6260380B1 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-07-17 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic air separation process for producing liquid oxygen |
FR2891900B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-10 | 2008-01-04 | Technip France Sa | Procede de traitement d'un courant de gnl obtenu par refroidissement au moyen d'un premier cycle de refrigeration et installation associee. |
RU2423653C2 (ru) * | 2006-05-15 | 2011-07-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ для сжижения потока углеводородов и установка для его осуществления |
NO328205B1 (no) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-01-11 | Sinvent As | Fremgangsmåte og prosessanlegg for kondensering av gass |
US9574713B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2017-02-21 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Vaporization chambers and associated methods |
US10539363B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2020-01-21 | Shell Oil Company | Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream |
KR100965204B1 (ko) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-06-24 | 한국과학기술원 | 터빈팽창기를 사용하는 혼합냉매 천연가스 액화 사이클장치및 이에 따른 작동방법 |
DE102010044869A1 (de) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-03-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Erdgasverflüssigung |
US10655911B2 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2020-05-19 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Natural gas liquefaction employing independent refrigerant path |
DE102013016695A1 (de) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-09 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion |
US20150276307A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Dresser-Rand Company | System and method for the production of liquefied natural gas |
CN108140449B (zh) * | 2015-08-19 | 2019-10-18 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | 从电气装置的绝缘介质回收至少一种物质的方法 |
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GB1135871A (en) * | 1965-06-29 | 1968-12-04 | Air Prod & Chem | Liquefaction of natural gas |
DE2049181B2 (de) * | 1970-10-07 | 1978-06-08 | Liquid Gas International Gmbh, 5480 Remagen-Rolandseck | Verfahren zur Kälteerzeugung durch Kompression eines Gemisches von verschiedenen Kältemitteln mit unterschiedlichen Siedepunkten |
US3932154A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1976-01-13 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Refrigerant apparatus and process using multicomponent refrigerant |
US4094655A (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1978-06-13 | Heinrich Krieger | Arrangement for cooling fluids |
DE2631134A1 (de) * | 1976-07-10 | 1978-01-19 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur verfluessigung von luft oder lufthauptbestandteilen |
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1994
- 1994-10-05 FR FR9412046A patent/FR2725503B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-10-03 JP JP51237496A patent/JP3965444B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-03 US US08/652,527 patent/US5701761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-03 EP EP95933471A patent/EP0731900B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-03 AU AU36118/95A patent/AU701090B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-10-03 WO PCT/FR1995/001281 patent/WO1996011370A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-04 MY MYPI95002959A patent/MY113403A/en unknown
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1996
- 1996-06-04 NO NO962314A patent/NO307231B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009543894A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2009-12-10 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素流を液化するための方法及び装置 |
JP2010516994A (ja) * | 2007-01-25 | 2010-05-20 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素流の冷却方法及び装置 |
JP2016512595A (ja) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-04-28 | オトクリトエ アクツィオネルノエ オブスチェストヴォ “ガズプロム” | 天然ガス液化方法とその装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0731900B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 |
FR2725503B1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
WO1996011370A1 (fr) | 1996-04-18 |
NO307231B1 (no) | 2000-02-28 |
US5701761A (en) | 1997-12-30 |
FR2725503A1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 |
NO962314L (no) | 1996-08-02 |
MY113403A (en) | 2002-02-28 |
AU701090B2 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
NO962314D0 (no) | 1996-06-04 |
AU3611895A (en) | 1996-05-02 |
EP0731900A1 (fr) | 1996-09-18 |
JP3965444B2 (ja) | 2007-08-29 |
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